《电子与通信工程专业英语》-DX 电子教案Unit 3

PAGEPAGE8ChapterIBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsUnit3TheTransistorandItsBasicCircuitI．Lead-inInformationrelatedtothetextDoyouknowwhatfunctionsoftransistorsare?Notonlyaretheymadeasdiscrete（separate）componentsbutalsointegratedcircuits（IC）maycontainseveralthousandsonatinysliceofsilicon．Transistorsaredevicesperformingmanykindsoffunctionsinelectronicequipment.Forexample,atransistormaybeusedforamplifying,detecting,rectifying,oscillation,etc.Whenamplifying,atransistordoesnotproducetheadditionalenergyrequiredforsignalamplification.ThisaddedenergycomesfromaDCsourceappliedtothetransistor.Transistorsaresmall,efficientandhavelonglife.Beingveryusefulunits,transistorshavefoundawidevarietyofapplicationsinelectronicequipment.Justasyouknow,transistorvoltageamplifiersarenecessaryinmanytypesofelectronicequipmentsuchasradios，oscilloscopesandrecordplayers．Sotodaywe’llstudyUnit3—TheTransistorandItsBasicCircuit.Inthislesson,weshouldgraspwhatatransistorconsistsofanditsoperationprinciple.Now,let’sstudynewwordsandphrasestogether.II.Wordstudy1.emitter[i'mitə]n.发射器，发射体；发射极，射极1)Atransistorhasthreeelectrodes,theemitter,thebaseandthecollector.晶体管有三个电极，即发射极，基极和集电极。（电子）2)Oneemitter(Spotlight)wasusedtolightupthescene.一个主光源(聚光灯)用来照亮场景.3)Fromanexplorer,dragtheemitter'snameintotheICETreeviewtocreateaGetDatanodeforit.从浏览器栏中拖动发射器的名字到ICE树视窗中，这样就创建了一个获取数据节点。2.collector[kə'lektə]n.收藏家；收税员；征收者；集电极1)Theblackmetalplateiscalledacollector.黑色金属平板被叫作收集器。Doesthecollectorcurrentriseinequalstepsforequalincrementsofbasecurrent?基极电流作等值增长时，集电极电流是否也相应地等值上升呢？Thecollectorknewthathehadlatchedontoarareantique.收藏家知道他得到了一件稀世古董。3.discrete[dis'kri:t]adj.离散的n.分立元件；独立部件1)relatedphrases:discretevariable分散变量/数discretesystem离散系统discretemathematics离散数学discretetransister分立式晶体管discreteresistor分立电阻器2)Tomoveadiscreteselection,theusermustclickanddragontheobjectinasinglemotion.为了移动一个离散选择，用户必须在单个操作中完成对对象的单击和拖动。3)Thechangehappensinaseriesofdiscretesteps.这个变化在一系列分离的步骤中发生。4.amplify['æmplifai]v.放大，扩大；增强；详述1)Thiswillamplifytheimpactofouractivitiesandourresources.这将扩大我们各项活动和资源的影响。2)Itwasfirstdevelopedtoamplifyradiosignals,andyouhadtransistorradiosthatreplacedthevacuumtubesthatwerebeingused.起初它被发明出来用于无线电信号的放大，这让你能够用晶体管收音机取代真空管收音机。3)Youpracticegratitude,whichisnecessarytoempoweryourmindandamplifyyourpowerofattraction.你学会了感恩，而它正是能激励你内心，增强你吸引力的必不可少的东西。5.regulate['reɡjuleit]vt.调节，规定；控制；校准1)relatedphrases:regulatecontrol调整控制regulateclimate调节气候regulatecapital约束资本；规定资本regulateflow调节流量regulatecondition调整状态2）Pleaseregulatethesoundonthatradio.请调一下那个收音机的音量。3）Theregulateinmoralisanimportantmeansforinformationfairness.道德调节是维护信息公平的重要手段。6.extract[ik'strækt,'ekstrækt]vt.摘录；提取n.摘录；选粹1)relatedphrases:extractfan排气扇licoriceextract甘草精华；甘草萃取capsicumextract辣椒萃取物maltextract麦芽提取物；麦精2)Mainingredients:oliveextractandsilkprotein.主要成分：橄榄精华、丝蛋白等。3)Wecanextractpleasurefromaparty.我们可以从聚会中得到快乐。7.amplitude['æmplitju:d]n.振幅；广阔；丰富，充足1)amplitudecorrection振幅校正，幅度校正amplitudedetection振幅检测；检波器amplituderesolution幅度分辨率，能量分辨率amplitudeequalization振幅均衡；幅度均衡2）Soundwavesaremeasuredbytheiramplitude.声波是根据其振幅来测量的.3）Thisrepresentssuccessivestagesoftransferofamplitudetolaterlobes.这代表振幅向后面波瓣传递的相继各阶段。8．configuration[kən,fiɡju'reiʃən]n.配置；结构；外形1)relatedphrases:referenceconfiguration参考结构；参考配置electronconfiguration参考结构；参考配置computerconfiguration计算机配置hardwareconfiguration设备配置；硬件组态configurationinteraction组态相互作用2)Thechangecontrolsystemisasubsystemoftheconfigurationmanagementsystem..变更控制系统是配置管理系统的一个子系统。3）AsetoflogicthatisrepresentedbyasingleConfigurationSpace.由单一配置空间来表示的一组逻辑电路。III.LanguagePoints1.Thefieldeffecttransistor（calledtheFET）inwhichcurrentisduetomajoritycarriersonly（eitherelectronsorholes）andthereisjustoneP-Njunction．译文：场效应晶体管(简称场效应管)，它的电流仅由多数载流子提供(可以是电子，也可以是空穴)，且只有一个PN结。说明：句中inwhich引导定语从句，修饰transistor。句中majority表示“多数；大多数；[律]成年”1)Themajorityofusagreewithyou.我们绝大多数与你意见一致。2)Ontheotherhand,themajorityofAsiansliveinpoverty.另一方面，亚洲的大多数人生活在贫困之中。3)Tobelovediswhatthemajoritypursuedamongtheprocessofcommunication.惹人喜爱，是大多数人在人际交往过程中想要达到的。2．Therearetwopossiblearrangements：N-typeinthemiddlewithP-typeoneachside（PNP）andP-typeinthemiddlewithN-typeoneachside（NPN）.译文：可以有两种安排：N型在中间，P型在两边（PNP）；P型在中间，N型在两边（NPN）。说明：N-type…oneachside（PNP）和P-type…oneachside（NPN）是twopossiblearrangements的同位语。句中arrangement表示“安排；部署；整理”，又如：1)Wemusttalkoverthearrangementswiththem.我们必须和他们详细商议这项具体安排。2)Arrangementsmustbemadeforthetransparentdistributionofoilrevenues,whichcancontributetodevelopment.奥巴马说：“必须为透明地分配石油收入作出安排，这会对发展有利。3)Thearrangements,ifnotideal,arefairlysatisfactory.部署虽不算理想，但也相当满意。3．Thecenteriscalledbase，oneoutsidelayeriscalledtheemitter，andtheotherisknownasthecollector.译文：中间称为基极，两边分别称为发射极和集电极。说明：one…theother…是一个常见的句型意思是“一个……另一个”。句中layer表示“层,层次”的意思。例如：1)Toplatemetalistocoveritwithathinlayerofgold,orsilver,etc.电镀金属就是把金属薄薄地覆盖上一层金或银等。2)Therearetwobagsontheshelf,oneisred,theotherisblue.架子上有两只包，一只是红色的，另一只是蓝色的。3)Boysareontheplayground,someareplayingbasketball,theothersareplayingfootball.男孩们都在操场上，一些正在打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。4．Ittakesonlyasmallchangeofbasecurrenttocontrolarelativelylargecollectorcurrent.译文：基极电流只需很小的变化，就会引起集电极电流很大的变化。说明：Ittakes…todosth．意思是“做某事花费某人多少时间（金钱等）1)Ittakesalongtimetomakeafilm.（Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.）拍电影要花很长一段时间。2)Ittakesperseverancetodoanythingwell.坚持就是要做好任何事情所需要的一种品质。3)Ittakesmetenminutestodothewashing.我要花十分钟来洗衣服。5．Itisthisabilitythatenablesthetransistortoamplify.译文：正是这种能力使晶体管能起放大作用。说明：此句是强调句型，被强调成分是thisability，又如：Itisinmillivolts，microvoltsorkilovoltsthatsmallerorlargermagnitudeofvoltagearemeasured.较小或较大数值的电压可以用毫伏（mV）、微伏(uV)或千伏(kV)来度量。amplify['æmplifai]v.放大，扩大；增强；详述1)Donotamplifythedifficultiesofthetask.不要夸大这项任务的困难。2)Manyrelyonborrowedmoney,orleverage,toamplifytheirreturns.许多对冲基金是靠借贷资金（即运用杠杆）来扩大收益。6．Becausetheinputimpedanceofthetransistorishighandtheoutputimpedancelowinthisconnection,thevoltagegainislessthanoneandthepowergainisusuallylowerthanthatobtainedinacommon-baseoracommon-emittercircuit.译文：因为晶体管的输入阻抗高而输出阻抗低，所以电路的电压增益小于1，而功率增益比共发射极或共基极连接的要低。说明：这是一个包含有原因状语从句的复合句。主句本身是一个并列句句中that指代thepowergain；obtainedinacommon-baseoracommon-emittercircuit是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰mon-base：共基极；common-emitter：共发射极Conventionalhysteresis-currentcontrolcircuitsamplescurrentthroughacommon-basedifferentialamplifier,ofwhichthebiascurrentwouldhavesomeimpactsonthesamplingcurrent.传统的滞环电流控制电路通过共基极差分放大器采样电流信号，放大器的偏置电流会对检测电流有较大影响。Common-emitteramplifierisatypicalresistiveclassAamplifier.基本共发射极放大器是典型的电阻性甲类放大器。IV.TranslatingSkills引申译法英汉两种语言在表达上有很大差别。翻译时，有些词或词组不能直接搬用词典中的释义，若生搬硬套，会使译文生硬晦涩，难以看懂，甚至造成误解。所以，要在弄清原文内涵的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系和汉语的搭配习惯，对词义加以引申。若遇到专业方面的内容，必须选用专业术语。引申后的词义能更确切地表达原文意义。例如：However,colorscangivemoreforcetotheformoftheproduct.欠佳译法：然而，色彩能给予产品更多的力量。引申译法：然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。Powerplugsaremaleelectricalconnectorsthatfitintofemaleelectricalsockets.欠佳译法：电源插头是雄性连接器适配雌性连接器。引申译法：电源插头可以插入电源插座。Thereisawideareaofperformanceduplicationbetweennumericalcontrolandautomatics.引申译法：数控和自动化机床有很多相同的性能。High-speedgrindingdoesnotknowthisdisadvantage.引申译法:高速磨床不存在这个缺点。Thechargecurrentdependsuponthetechnologyandcapacityofthebatterybeingcharged.引申译法：充电电流的大小根据充电技术和电池容量的不同而不同。V.KeytoExercisesofthetext.Ex.I1.TheoperationofthejunctiontransistordependsontheflowofbothmajorityandminoritycarriersandithastwoP-Njunctions.2.Thefieldeffecttransistor（calledtheFET）inwhichcurrentisduetomajoritycarriersonly（eitherelectronsorholes）andthereisjustoneP-Njunction．3.Thiscurrentcanbemadetovaryinamplitudebyvaryingthecurrentflowinginthebasecircuit．Ittakesonlyasmallchangeofbasecurrenttocontrolarelativelylargecollectorcurrent．Itisthisabilitythatenablesthetransistortoamplify．4.Powergainintheorderof10,000（orabout40dB）canberealizedwiththiscircuitbecauseitprovidesbothcurrentgainandvoltagegainEx.II1.B2.C3.B4.C5.A6.CEx.III1.Transistorsarethemostimportantdeviceinelectronics.2.Therearetwobasictypes：1）thejunctiontransistor（usuallycalledthetransistor）；2）thefieldeffecttransistor（calledtheFET）.3.Atransistorisanelectronicallydevicethatregulatesthecurrentflowingthroughit.Becausetheinputimpedanceofthetransistorishighandtheoutputimpedancelowinthisconnection,thevoltagegainislessthanoneandthepowergainisusuallylowerthanthatobtainedinacommon-baseoracommon-emittercircuit.KeytoExercisesofthereadingI.1.T2.F3.T4.TII.1.Teslaclaimedthatheworkedfrom3

a.m.to11

p.m.,noSundaysorholidaysexcepted.2.After1890TeslaexperimentedtotransmitpowergeneratedwithhisTeslacoilbyinductiveandcapacitivecouplingwithhighACvoltages.3.Tryingtocomeupwithabe