高考英语二轮教师用书第1部分专题1类型9政经史地-1

类型9|政经史地考查要点方法技巧1．常识，基本概念、原理，现实意义。2．地理现象的形成、影响，自然灾害的起因、后果、预防。3．名胜古迹、文化遗产的形成、特点及其保护。1．弄清文章诸要素之间的内在关系，并据此展开推理判断。2．把握诸如位置、方位等细节，绘制简易地图。3．掌握一些政经史地方面的常识。[经典案例分析](2017·江苏高考·A)【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文中作者向读者推荐了一本有关历史的书并介绍了其相关信息。【长难句解读】Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasn'talwaysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYears'Wardidn'tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.[分析]本句为并列复合句。learn前面的and连接两个祈使句，第二个祈使句中有三个由why，how，why引导的宾语从句作learn的宾语。[译文]穿越世界历史上最令人难以置信的100年，并且了解为什么做罗马的皇帝并没有像听起来那样好，百年战争实际上怎么并未持续100年，以及为什么斯宾塞·珀西瓦尔保持一个相当不幸的记录。1．WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?A．Abiography. B．Atravelguide.C．Ahistorybook. D．Asciencefiction.[考查细节理解。由倒数第二段中的“stories...thisgives...lsthestories...thisbookalsogives...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书，再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的迷人旅行(afascinatingjourneythroughtime)可判断这是一本历史书，故选C项。]2．HowdoesthewriterremendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?A．Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.B．Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C．Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.D．Byparingitwithotherbooks.[考查推理判断。通读文章可知，作者提到了这本书的部分内容——罗马的建立(thefoundationofRome)，因特网的缔造(thecreationoftheinternet)，罗马皇帝及百年战争等，故选B项。][题材对点训练](2017·广州市综合测试一)Dujiangyanistheoldestman­madewatersystemintheworld，andawonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2，200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6，000squarekilometresoffarmland,takeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.Inancienttimes,theregioninwhichDujiangyannowstandssufferedfromregularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.Tohelpthevictimsoftheflooding,LiBing,theregion'sgovernor,togetherwithhisson,decidedtofindasolution.TheystudiedtheproblemanddiscoveredthattherivermostoftenoverflowedwhenwintersnowatthetopofthenearbyThesimplestfixwastobuildadam,butthiswouldhaveruinedtheMinjiangRiver.Soinstead,LidesignedaseriesofchannelsbuiltatdifferentlevelsalongMountCuttingthechannelsthroughthehardrockofMountYuleiwasaremarkableacplishmentasitwasdonelongbeforetheinventionofgunpowderandexplosives.LiBingfoundanothersolution.Heusedabinationoffireandwatertoheatandcooltherocksuntiltheycrackedandcouldberemoved.Aftereightyearsofwork,the20­metreOncethesystemwasfinished,nomorefloodsoccurredandthepeoplewereabletolivepeacefullyandaffluently.Today,Dujiangyanisadmiredbyscientistsfromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature—unlikemoderndamswherethewaterisblockedwithahugewall,DujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiang【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了都江堰这一水利工程。1．WhatarethebenefitsofDujiangyanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Reducingfloodingandwateringfarmland.B．Protectingthemountainandreducingflooding.C．Wateringfarmlandandimprovingwaterquality.D．Dryingtheriverandsupplyingcitieswithwater.A[考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“Builtover2，200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina，thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6，000squarekilometresoffarmland，takeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.”可知，都江堰灌溉着6000多平方千米的农田，泄洪的同时还为四川省50个城市供水。故A项正确。]2．WhatwasthemaincauseoftheMinjiangRiver'sflooding?A．Heavyrain.B．Meltingsnow.C．Lowriverbanks.D．Steepmountains.B[考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“TheystudiedtheproblemanddiscoveredthattherivermostoftenoverflowedwhenwintersnowatthetopofthenearbyMountYuleibegantomeltastheweatherwarmed.”可知，岷江泛滥的原因是天气转暖时附近山顶的积雪融化，故B项正确。]3．HowwasLiBingabletobreaktherocksofMountYulei?A.Byusinggunpowder.B．Byfloodingtherockswithwater.C．Byapplyingaheatingandcoolingtechnique.D．Bybreakingtherockswithhammersandspades.C[考查细节理解。根据第四段的第三句“Heusedabinationoffireandwatertoheatandcooltherocksuntiltheycrackedandcouldberemoved.”可知，李冰综合使用火加热和水冷却的技术开凿岩石，故C项正确。]4．WhyisDujiangyangreatlyadmiredbyscientiststoday?A.Itpreservesmuchofthenaturalriverlife.B．Ittookverylittletimetopletetheproject.C．Thebuildingtechniquesusedwereverymodern.D．Ithasraisedthelivingstandardofthelocalpeople.A[考查细节理解。根据第五段的最后一句“Today，Dujiangyanisadmiredbyscientistsfromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature—unlikemoderndamswherethewaterisbl