【02-暑假预习】专题15 Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词、短语、亮句精讲+名校新真题精练 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）专题15Unit4NaturalDisasters核心单词、短语、亮句精讲+名校新真题精练内容导航考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破一、考点聚焦考点（一）Unit4NaturalDisasters核心单词考点梳理考点（二）Unit4NaturalDisasters重点词汇转化总结考点（三）Unit4NaturalDisasters语法解析考点梳理考点（四）Unit4NaturalDisasters书面表达精讲考点（五）Unit4NaturalDisasters牛刀小试考点（六）Unit4NaturalDisasters巩固提升考点（七）Unit4NaturalDisasters模拟精练重点速记考点（一） Unit4NaturalDisasters重点词汇转化总结核心单词及短语核心单词1、ruinn.&v.破坏;毁坏2、electricityn.电;电能3、disastern.灾难;灾害4、trapv.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱5、emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况6、aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资v.帮助;援助7、buryv.埋葬;安葬8、effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力9、wisdomn.智慧;才智10、damagev.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失11、destroyv.摧毁;毁灭12、affectv.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动13、sheltern.避难处;居所;庇护v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险)14、supplyn.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品v.供应;供给（二）高频短语beexpectedtodo被期望;应该volcaniceruption火山爆发referto指的是riseandfall起落;兴衰;起伏refusetodo拒绝做某事asusual像往常一样asif好像cometoanend结束;终止causedamageto对…造成伤害cutacross抄近路穿过；径直穿过lieinruins成为废墟；破败不堪blowaway吹走;刮走;使大为惊讶beinshock=beshocked处于震惊中gothrough经历;仔细检查;穿过;做完;用光falldown跌倒;倒塌onhand在手边;现有;在场rescuesb.fromsth.把某人从…中营救出来burythedead埋葬死者providemedicalcare提供医疗护理提供某人某物：providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.todosb.offertodosth.主动提出干某事getbackonone’sfeet站起来;重新振作起来intimesof在…的时候intheeventof倘若;万一;如果…发生tirelesseffort不懈的努力makeanefforttodo努力做某事putupshelters搭建避难所sheltersb.from保护某人免受…trapsb.intodoingsth.诱骗某人做某事intheopenair在户外taketurnstodo轮流做;依次做crashinto撞上;猛撞sweepaway扫去;清除;消灭offthecoastof在…的沿海;在…海岸附近onthecoastof在…海岸上atleast至少thenumberof……的数字beaffectedby被…影响deliverfoodandsupplies运送食物和物资sufferfrom遭受;患…病;因…而受苦keep/staycalm保持冷静passonwisdom传递智慧afloodof大量cover…with…用…覆盖…getinjured受伤firstaidkit急救箱淘宝：学思创想考点（二）Unit4NaturalDisasters重点词汇转化总结1.disastern.灾难;灾害→disastrousadj.灾难性的2.dryadj.干旱的→droughtn.旱灾→droughtproofadj.抗旱的3.rescuen.&vt.营救;救援→rescuern.救援者→rescueen.被救援者4.damagevt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失→damages(复数)n.赔偿金→damagingadj.有破坏性的5.destroyv.摧毁;毁灭→destructionn.破坏;毁灭→destructiveadj.破坏(性)的6.deathn.死亡→diev.死亡→dyingadj.垂死的→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的7.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→affectedadj.受到影响的→affectionn.喜爱→effectn.影响→effectiveadj.有效的8.percentn.百分之…adj./adv.每一百中→percentagen.百分比;比例9.shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊→shockedadj.感到震惊的→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockinglyadv.令人震惊地;非常地(强调不好)→shockproofadj.防电击的electricityn.电;电能→electricadj.带电的;用电的→electricaladj.电气(学)的;电相关的11.breathe

vi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathless

adj.气喘吁吁的12.revivevt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revivaln.振兴;复苏13.effortn.努力→effortlessadj.不费力的;轻松的→effortlesslyadv.不费力地14.wiseadj.明智的→unwiseadj.不明智的→wisdomn.智慧;才智15.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn.受难;苦楚→sufferern.患难者;患病者16.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn.喷发17.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过→survivaln.幸存;生还→survivorn.幸存者;生还者18.powern.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerfuladj.强大的→powerlessadj.无力的19.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况→emergentadj.紧急的20.delivervt.&vi.递送;传达vt.发表;分娩→deliveryn.投递;送交21.summaryn.总结;概要→summarizev.总结22.longadj.长的→lengthn.长;长度→lengthenv.(使)变长考点（三）Unit4NaturalDisasters语法解析考点梳理（一）定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：在复合句中，修饰_______的从句叫作定语从句。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫作_______。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。（二）关系代词的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修饰人、物，做主语、宾语)which(修饰物，做主语)（1）Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.（2）Thebuilding_______standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主语/宾语）whom（做宾语，跟在介词后）whose(做定语)Thestudent________isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman________Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_________youtalkedaboutonthebus.考点（四） Unit4NaturalDisasters书面表达精讲本单元写作:概要写作概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。1、写作步骤第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点。阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法:（1）记叙文：圈出记叙文的六要素(who、when、where、what、how、why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意（2）说明文：找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议（3）议论文： 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)第二步:提炼关键词1、结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是mainideas,哪些是supportingideas、examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。2、消减事例,尽量减少事实并省略细节。第三步:合并和改写1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并。2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。第四步:核查成文核查文章句子的连贯性,优先考虑使用连接词(but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however);核查标点和语法;核查词数。2、常用语句1.表示文章的内容以及研究目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...),theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart,theauthorargues/mentions/states/pointsout(that)...2.表示研究的结论Theresultshowsthat...Theauthorfindsthat...Itisconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion,theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally,theauthorsummarizesthat...3.表示观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned...Intheauthor'sview...考点（五） Unit4NaturalDisasters牛刀小试一、识记单词1._________n.&v.破坏;毁坏2._________n.电;电能3._________n.灾难;灾害4._________v.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱5._________n.突发事件;紧急情况6._________n.援助;帮助;救援物资v.帮助;援助7._________v.埋葬;安葬8._________n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力9._________n.智慧;才智10._________v.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失11._________v.摧毁;毁灭12._________v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动13._________n.避难处;居所;庇护v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险)14._________n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品v.供应;供给二、拓展单词1._________n.死;死亡→_________adj.无生命的→_________v.死亡;消亡;灭亡2._________n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克v.(使)震惊→_________adj.令人震惊的→_________adj.感到震惊的3._________v.呼吸→_________n.呼吸的空气→_________adj.喘不过气来的4._________v.复活;(使)苏醒→_________n.振兴;复苏5._________v.遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_________n.折磨;苦难6._________v.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发7._________n.电力供应;能量;力量v.驱动;快速前进→_________adj.威力强大的;强有力的→_________adj.无力的;无影响力的8._________n.影响;结果;效果→_________adj.有效的;生效的9._________n.长;长度→_________adj.长的→_________v.(使)延长;(使)变长→_________adj.漫长的;冗长的三、重点短语1.______________对……造成损坏2.______________消灭;彻底消除3.______________震惊;吃惊4.______________保持冷静5.______________像往常一样6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛7.______________严重受损;破败不堪8.______________露天;在户外9.______________现有(尤指帮助)10.______________处境危险考点（七） Unit3SportsandFitness巩固提升自然灾害种类：disaster________tornado______干旱__________landslide________tsunami_________洪水_______地震__________volcaniceruption________台风___________hurricane___________灾害描述：magnitude_________slide__________波浪______damage_________→_________adj.袭击___________destroy→_________adj.→_________n.tap________evacuate______affect→___________adj.→____________n.爆发___________裂痕_______气体_____好像______成为废墟_______使陷于，陷阱_________bury_______撞击________sweepaway_______灾难中的人及其描述：survive_________→__________n.呼吸____________shock→________adj.震惊__________revive_______→________n.遭受______wisdom__________平静的____________救援设施：helicopter___________庇护所_________kitbag________急救___________electricity________哨子____________救援工作：努力____________emergencyaid____________onhand____________deliver_____→__________n.营救__________生活必需品__________n.重点词组似乎/好像_____________beshockedtodosth.________________陷入...中________________buryoneselfin________________深呼吸________________makeanefforttodosth.-考点（八） Unit3SportsandFitness模拟精练Unit4语法填空专项训练(课文语法填空)SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Theywere1.________(sign)foranearthquake.Butpeople2._______livedtheredidn'tthinkmuchofthat.At3:42amthatday,theearthbegan3._______(shake),whichdestroyedalmostallthecityinlessthanoneminute.Manypeople,4._______(include)rescueworkersanddoctors,came5._______(rescue)thosewhoweretrappedunderthe6._______(ruin).Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakehitthecity.Morepeoplewerekilledorinjuredandmorebuildingsfell7._______.Verysoonthearmysentalotofsoldierstohelp,andteamswereorganisedtodigoutthetrappedandtobury8._______dead.Byandbythingsimprovedandthecitybegantobreatheagain.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe9._______(tire)effortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshan10._______(build)upontheearthquakeruins.答案：signs2.who3.toshake/shaking4.including5.torescue6.ruins7.down8.the9.tireless10.wasbuilt二、（单元语法填空）Myfatherworksinahospital1.______isveryfamousinourcity.Mymotherteachesmathsintheschool2.______Istudyin.ShelikeswatchingTVplays3.______leadingactorsareveryfamous.Iamaboy4.______likesplayingbasketball.Ihaveseveralgoodfriends5.______Ioftenplaybasketballwith.Oneday,Iwentouttothecitystadiumtoplaybasketballwithseveralofmyfriends,6.______homesarenotfarfrommine.However,aterriblematteroccurredwhenwewereplayinghappily,7.______madeoneofmylegshurt.Fortunately,thestadiumwherewewereplayingisnotfarfromaclinic,soIwastreatedbyadoctor8.______isskilled.Later,Iwassenthomebymyfriends,9.______helpmakesmethankful.Fromthiscase,IknowthatthemoreattentionIpay,thelesspainIwillget,10.______isreallyalivelesson.答案1.that/which2.that/which3.whose4.who/that5.who/whom/that6.whose7.which8.who/that9.whose10.which三、（拓展语法填空）EarthquakesAroundthePacificTheworld1.______(strike)byalargenumberofearthquakeseveryday,about5millioninayear.Chinaissituatedinoneofthemostactiveearthquakeregionsintheworldandtherehavebeenmanyterribleearthquakes.Themostserious2.______theseoccurredinHuaCounty,ShaanxiProvincein1556.TheearthquakeaffectedseveralprovincesincentralChina.Insomecommunities,60percentofthepopulationwerekilled.3.______(total),830,000peoplelosttheirlives.TheCaliforniaearthquakeofApril18,1906istheworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Ittookplaceataround5:12am,4.______lastedforonlyaminute.However,itcausedtheworst5.______(nature)disasterinthenation'shistory.FirescausedbytheCaliforniaearthquake6.______(do)themostdamage.Thefiresburnedforthreedays7.______(destroy)lotsofbuildings.Over700peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoandmanyweremadehomeless.InthewholeofCalifornia,theearthquakeandfirescausedabout3,0008.______(death).______1906earthquakewascausedbyamovementontheSanAndreasFault.Onehundredyearslater,movementsontheSanAndreasFaultcontinue10.______(cause)problemsforthewholeofCalifornia.答案：1.isstruck2.of3.Totally4.and5.natural6.did7.destroying8.deaths9.The10.tocause四、（拓展语法填空）Earthquakesaresomethingthatpeoplefear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakes.Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethem1.______(regular).Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusuallyquite2.______(mountain).Theearthquakewhich3.______(talk)aboutmostintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Manypeople4.______(die)init.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheones5.______killthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakesever6.______(record)wasfeltinPortugal.Morethan60,000peopledied.In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,theYokohamaareaofJapan.1007.______(thousand)peopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain1976.Itkilled8.______largenumberofpeople.Theworst