2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：社会政策法规

2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：社会政策法规考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、选词填空要求：从每题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使句子意思完整、通顺。每题只有一个正确答案。1.Thegovernment'sdecisiontoincreasetheminimumwagehassparkeda______debateamongeconomists,withsomearguingthatitwillboostconsumerspendingwhileothersclaimitwillleadtojoblosses.A.heatedB.controversialC.peacefulD.silent2.Manypolicymakersbelievethatstricterregulationsoncarbonemissionsare______necessarytocombatclimatechange,eveniftheymayimposeshort-termcostsonindustries.A.criticallyB.essentiallyC.optionallyD.reluctantly3.ThepassageoftheAffordableCareActintheUnitedStatesaimedto______thenumberofuninsuredcitizensbyexpandinghealthinsurancecoveragetomorepeople.A.reduceB.increaseC.stabilizeD.eliminate4.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowing______forsustainableurbanplanning,ascitiesstruggletobalancegrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.A.demandB.resistanceC.skepticismD.opposition5.TheSupremeCourt'srulingonaffirmativeactionhascreateda______ofuncertaintyforuniversitiestryingtomaintaindiversestudentbodies.A.waveB.cloudC.stormD.fog6.Laborunionshavelongadvocatedfor______workingconditions,arguingthattheyareessentialforthewell-beingofemployees.A.improvedB.deterioratingC.standardizedD.regulated7.TheimplementationoftheCleanWaterActhassignificantly______waterpollutioninmanyriversandlakesacrossthecountry.A.reducedB.increasedC.maintainedD.fluctuated8.Manyexpertsarguethatthebestwaytoaddressincomeinequalityisthrough______economicpoliciesthatsupporteducationandjobtrainingprograms.A.progressiveB.conservativeC.neutralD.aggressive9.ThepassageoftheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActhashelpedto______discriminationagainstpeoplewithdisabilitiesintheworkplace.A.preventB.encourageC.legalizeD.ignore10.Thegovernment'seffortstoreformthetaxcodehavebeen______bybothcriticsandsupporters,withsomepraisingthechangesandotherscondemningthem.A.supportedB.opposedC.mixedD.ignored二、阅读理解要求：阅读下面的文章，然后回答问题。每题都有四个选项，其中只有一个是最佳答案。TheRoleofGovernmentinEducationEducationisoneofthemostcriticalaspectsofasociety,andtheroleofthegovernmentinensuringqualityeducationforallcitizenshasbeenatopicofdebateforcenturies.Proponentsofgovernmentinvolvementarguethatpubliceducationsystemsareessentialforcreatinganinformedandengagedcitizenry,whileopponentscontendthatgovernmentschoolsareinefficientandfailtomeetthediverseneedsofstudents.Oneoftheprimaryargumentsinfavorofgovernmentinvolvementineducationisthatithelpstoensureequalaccesstoqualityeducation.Byprovidingfreeorlow-costeducation,governmentscanhelpleveltheplayingfieldforchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.Forexample,incountrieslikeSwedenandFinland,wherepubliceducationishighlyvalued,studentsconsistentlyperformwelloninternationalassessmentsliketheProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA).Thesecountrieshaveinvestedheavilyintheireducationsystems,resultinginhighgraduationratesandlowdropoutrates.However,criticsofgovernment-runschoolsarguethattheyareoftenunderfundedandlacktheresourcesnecessarytoprovideahigh-qualityeducation.Theypointtothedisparitiesinfundingbetweenwealthyandpoorschooldistricts,whichcanleadtosignificantdifferencesinthequalityofeducationavailabletostudents.Forinstance,intheUnitedStates,schoolsinaffluentareasoftenhaveaccesstobetterfacilities,smallerclasssizes,andmoreexperiencedteacherscomparedtoschoolsinlow-incomeneighborhoods.Anotherargumentagainstgovernmentinvolvementineducationisthatitcanleadtoalackofinnovationandcreativity.Somebelievethatprivateschoolsorhomeschoolingcanoffermoretailoredandflexibleeducationalexperiences.Forexample,charterschoolsandprivateinstitutionsoftenhavethefreedomtoexperimentwithdifferentteachingmethodsandcurricula,whichcanresultinbetteroutcomesforsomestudents.Despitethesecriticisms,thereisnodenyingthatgovernmentinvolvementineducationhashadapositiveimpactonmanysocieties.Publiceducationsystemshaveplayedacrucialroleinpromotingsocialmobilityandreducinginequality.Additionally,government-fundedprogramslikeearlychildhoodeducationandadultliteracyprogramshavehelpedtoimprovetheoveralleducationalattainmentofthepopulation.Inconclusion,whiletherearevalidargumentsonbothsidesoftheissue,theroleofgovernmentineducationcannotbeoverstated.Byinvestinginpubliceducationandensuringthatallchildrenhaveaccesstoqualitylearningopportunities,governmentscancreateamoreinformed,equitable,andprosperoussociety.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thegovernmentshouldcompletelytakeovereducationfromprivateinstitutions.B.Governmentinvolvementineducationisessentialforcreatinganinformedandengagedcitizenry.C.Privateschoolsarealwaysbetterthangovernmentschoolsbecausetheyaremoreinnovative.D.Educationisnotasimportantasotheraspectsofasociety.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisabenefitofgovernment-runschools?A.Theyaremoreinnovativeandflexible.B.Theyprovideequalaccesstoqualityeducation.C.Theyhavebetterfundingcomparedtoprivateschools.D.Theyaremoreefficientintermsofresourceallocation.13.Whatisthemainargumentofthecriticsofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?A.Governmentschoolsaretooexpensiveandshouldbeprivatized.B.Governmentschoolsareunderfundedanddonotmeetthediverseneedsofstudents.C.Governmentschoolsleadtoalackofinnovationandcreativity.D.Governmentschoolsaremoreefficientthanprivateschools.14.Accordingtothepassage,whichcountryismentionedashavingahighlyvaluedpubliceducationsystem?A.theUnitedStatesB.SwedenC.FinlandD.Japan15.Whatistheauthor'sopinionongovernmentinvolvementineducation?A.Theauthorbelievesthatgovernmentinvolvementineducationisunnecessary.B.Theauthorisneutralontheissueofgovernmentinvolvementineducation.C.Theauthorbelievesthatgovernmentinvolvementineducationhashadapositiveimpact.D.Theauthorthinksthatprivateschoolsarebetterthangovernmentschools.三、句子匹配要求：下面的每一句话都出自下面的文章。请将句子与其在文章中对应的原句用字母编号匹配起来。每个句子都可以只对应一个编号，也可以对应多个编号，也可以不对应。每个编号都可以只对应一个句子，也可以对应多个句子，也可以不对应。文章：Thedebateoverhealthcarereformhasbeenongoingfordecades,withvariousproposalsbeingputforwardbydifferentadministrations.Oneofthemostcontentiousissuesistheroleofprivateinsurancecompaniesversusgovernment-runhealthcaresystems.Proponentsofgovernmenthealthcarearguethatitcanprovideuniversalcoverage,ensuringthatallcitizenshaveaccesstomedicalcareregardlessoftheirfinancialsituation.Critics,however,contendthatgovernmenthealthcareleadstolongwaittimesandreducedqualityofcare.Despitetheseconcerns,manycountrieshavesuccessfullyimplementedgovernmenthealthcaresystems,demonstratingthatitispossibletobalancecostandaccessibility.TheUnitedStates,forexample,hasseenincreasingcallsforuniversalhealthcareinrecentyears,asthecostofprivateinsurancecontinuestorise.1.TheUnitedStates,forexample,hasseenincreasingcallsforuniversalhealthcareinrecentyears,asthecostofprivateinsurancecontinuestorise.2.Thedebateoverhealthcarereformhasbeenongoingfordecades,withvariousproposalsbeingputforwardbydifferentadministrations.3.Critics,however,contendthatgovernmenthealthcareleadstolongwaittimesandreducedqualityofcare.4.Proponentsofgovernmenthealthcarearguethatitcanprovideuniversalcoverage,ensuringthatallcitizenshaveaccesstomedicalcareregardlessoftheirfinancialsituation.5.Theroleofprivateinsurancecompaniesversusgovernment-runhealthcaresystemsisoneofthemostcontentiousissues.A.NoneoftheaboveB.Sentence1C.Sentence2D.Sentence3E.Sentence4F.Sentence5四、段落填空要求：下面的文章中有十个空白处，每个空白处都有四个选项。请根据文章内容，选择最适合填入每个空白处的选项。每题只有一个正确答案。Theissueofimmigrationhasbecomea______1______politicaltopicinmanycountries,withintensedebates______2______thebenefitsanddrawbacksofallowingmoreimmigrants.Ononehand,proponentsarguethatimmigrantscanfill______3______inthelabormarket,especiallyinsectorswherethereisashortageofworkers.Theyalsopointoutthatimmigrantsoftenbringdiverseskillsandculturalcontributionsthatcanenrichsociety.Ontheotherhand,criticsarguethathighlevelsofimmigrationcan______4______toincreasedcompetitionforjobsandresources,potentiallyleadingtohigherunemploymentratesandstrainonpublicservices.Additionally,thereareconcernsabouttheimpactontheculturalidentityandsocialcohesionofexistingcommunities.Inrecentyears,manycountrieshaveattemptedto______5______balancedimmigrationpoliciesthataddresstheseconcernswhilestillreapingthebenefitsofadiversepopulation.1.A.divisiveB.controversialC.ignoredD.supported2.A.aboutB.onC.overD.for3.A.gapsB.rolesC.positionsD.opportunities4.A.leadB.resultC.contributeD.cause5.A.createB.developC.implementD.maintain五、总结要求：阅读下面的文章，然后根据文章内容回答问题。每题都有四个选项，其中只有一个是最佳答案。Thefightforworkers'rightshasalongand______1______history,datingbacktotheIndustrialRevolutionwhenfactoriesbegantoemploylargenumbersofpeopleunderharshconditions.Earlylabormovementsfocusedonbasicdemandssuchasshorterworkinghours,betterpay,andsaferworkingenvironments.Overtime,thesemovementshaveevolvedtoaddressmorecomplexissues,includingunionization,workers'compensation,andanti-discriminationpolicies.Today,laborunionsplaya______2______roleinadvocatingforworkers'rightsandnegotiatingwithemployers.However,thelandscapeofworkhaschangeddramaticallywiththeriseofthegigeconomyandremotework,presentingnewchallengesforlabororganizers.Advocatesforworkers'rightsarguethatthesenewformsofemploymentoftenlacktheprotectionsandbenefitsthattraditionaljobsprovide.Asaresult,thereisagrowingmovementto______3______theseworkerswiththesamerightsandprotectionsastraditionalemployees.Thedebateoverworkers'rightscontinuestobea______4______issue,withbothsidespresentingcompellingarguments.Ultimately,thegoalistocreateafairandjustworkplacewhereallworkersaretreatedwithdignityandrespect.1.A.complicatedB.shortC.peacefulD.straightforward2.A.significantB.minorC.negligibleD.irrelevant3.A.includeB.protectC.excludeD.integrate4.A.divisiveB.settledC.ignoredD.resolved本次试卷答案如下一、选词填空1.B.controversial解析：句意为“政府提高最低工资的决定引发了______的争论”，controversial意为“有争议的”，符合句意。heated意为“热烈的”，peaceful意为“和平的”，silent意为“沉默的”，都不符合句意。2.B.essentially解析：句意为“许多政策制定者认为，对碳排放的更严格监管是______必要的来应对气候变化”，essentially意为“本质上”，符合句意。critically意为“关键地”，optionally意为“可选择地”，reluctantly意为“不情愿地”，都不符合句意。3.A.reduce解析：句意为“美国平价医疗法案的实施旨在______无保险公民的数量”，reduce意为“减少”，符合句意。increase意为“增加”，stabilize意为“稳定”，eliminate意为“消除”，都不符合句意。4.A.demand解析：句意为“近年来，对可持续城市规划日益______”，demand意为“需求”，符合句意。resistance意为“抵抗”，skepticism意为“怀疑”，opposition意为“反对”，都不符合句意。5.B.cloud解析：句意为“最高法院关于平权行动的裁决在试图维持多元化学生群体的大学中创造了______的不确定性”，cloud意为“云层；笼罩”，符合句意。wave意为“波浪；波”，storm意为“风暴”，fog意为“雾”，都不符合句意。6.A.improved解析：句意为“工会长期以来一直倡导______的工作条件，认为这对员工的福祉至关重要”，improved意为“改善的”，符合句意。deteriorating意为“恶化的”，standardized意为“标准化的”，regulated意为“受监管的”，都不符合句意。7.A.reduced解析：句意为“清洁水法案的实施显著______了许多河流和湖泊的水污染”，reduced意为“减少的”，符合句意。increased意为“增加的”，maintained意为“维持的”，fluctuated意为“波动的”，都不符合句意。8.A.progressive解析：句意为“许多专家认为，解决收入不平等的最佳方法是通过______经济政策来支持教育和培训计划”，progressive意为“进步的；累进制的”，符合句意。conservative意为“保守的”，neutral意为“中立的”，aggressive意为“侵略性的”，都不符合句意。9.A.prevent解析：句意为“美国残疾人法案的实施帮助了______在工作场所对残疾人的歧视”，prevent意为“防止”，符合句意。encourage意为“鼓励”，legalize意为“使合法”，ignore意为“忽视”，都不符合句意。10.C.mixed解析：句意为“政府努力改革税法遭到了批评者和支持者的______”，mixed意为“混合的；混杂的”，符合句意。supported意为“支持的”，opposed意为“反对的”，ignored意为“被忽视的”，都不符合句意。二、阅读理解11.B.Governmentinvolvementineducationisessentialforcreatinganinformedandengagedcitizenry.解析：文章主要讨论了政府在教育中的作用，第一段就指出政府参与教育对于培养知情的和参与的公民是必不可少的。其他选项都过于绝对或片面。12.B.Theyprovideequalaccesstoqualityeducation.解析：文章第二段提到政府学校可以通过提供免费或低成本教育来确保所有儿童都有获得优质教育的机会，这是政府学校的一个主要优势。其他选项文中没有提到或与文意不符。13.B.Governmentschoolsareunderfundedanddonotmeetthediverseneedsofstudents.解析：文章第三段是批评者对政府参与教育的主要论点，指出政府学校资金不足，无法满足学生的多样化需求。其他选项都是对政府学校的误解或夸大。14.B.Sweden解析：文章第二段提到瑞典的公共教育系统受到高度重视，并且学生在国际评估中表现良好。其他选项文中没有提到或与文意不符。15.C.Theauthorbelievesthatgovernmentinvolvementineducationhashadapositiveimpact.解析：文章最后一段总结了政府在教育中的积极作用，认为公共教育系统在促进社会流动性和减少不平等方面发挥了至关重要的作用。作者对政府参与教育的态度是积极的。三、句子匹配1.B.Sentence1解析：句子“TheUnitedStates,forexample,hasseenincreasingcallsforuniversalhealthcareinrecentyears,asthecostofprivateinsurancecontinuestorise.”与文章最后一句“TheUnitedStates,forexample,hasseenincreasingcallsforuniversalhealthcareinrecentyears,asthecostofprivateinsurancecontinuestorise.”完全一致。2.C.Sentence2解析：句子“Thedebateoverhealthcarereformhasbeenongoingfordecades,withvariousproposalsbeingputforwardbydifferentadministrations.”与文章第一句“Thedebateoverhealthcarereformhasbeenongoingfordecades,withvariousproposalsbeingputforwardbydifferentadministrations.”完全一致。3.D.Sentence3解析：句子“Critics,however,contendthatgovernmenthealthcareleadstolongwaittimesandreducedqualityofcare.”与文章第三句“Critics,however,contendthatgovernmenthealthcareleadstolongwaittimesandreducedqualityofcare.”完全一致。4.E.Sentence4解析：句子“Proponentsofgovernmenthealthcarearguethatitcanprovideuniversalcoverage,ensuringthatallcitizenshaveaccesstomedicalcareregardlessoftheirfinancialsituation.”与文章第四句“Proponentsofgovernmenthealthc