衔接点18 七选五阅读之快读巧解方略（初高考点差异及衔接）（原题版）2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通.用版）

PAGE1衔接点18七选五阅读之巧解方略（初高衔接点及差异）初中阶段高中阶段侧重对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项。“七选五阅读”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，记叙文为辅，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。衔接指引初中阶段考查形式：侧重于对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次高中阶段考查形式：注重信息还原(七选五)所选文章多为说明文,文章结构通常为“总—分(—总)”,内容通常是教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中学生的特点,贴近中学生的日常生活。。【初中阶段考点聚焦】【题型概述】阅读还原句子是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5、6选5、7选5。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言功底，而且还要有较强的逻辑思维能力，要求考生能够“既见树木又见森林”,极大的增加了考生的难度。【考查内容】文章选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布有段中、段首和段尾设题形式，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。【解题策略】忌忽略选项。做题时,应先把文章后面所给的备选项快速浏览一遍,然后带着这些备选项进行阅读。边读边选出比较简单的选项,从而提高阅读效率。忌草率行事。在设计选项时,命题者往往在几个选项中设计出一个或两个似是而非的答案。对所给相似选项,要进行分析、比较,去伪存真。忌囫囵定案。忌考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案。尚未读懂的地方,一定要联系上下文,仔细多读几遍,直到读懂再定答案。【示例】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入小题横线上的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inourdailylife,whilewelookforhappiness,wemayoftenendupwithbadfeelings.Hereissomeadviceonbeatingthoselowspirits.1Whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourfriends,theycanunderstandhowyoufeel.Thiscanmakeyoufeelhappyagain.Italsohelpsyouseeyourselfinpositive(积极的)ways,soyoucangetbacktobeingwhoyouwanttobe.Getoutofthehouse.2That’sOK,butatleastletyourselfwalktoaplacethatisbeautifuloraplacethatbringsyousomepeace.Achangeoffreshairwillhelpyoufeelbetter.Watchacomedy.Whenyou’resad,youdon’twanttolaugh.Butthecycleofsadnessmustbebrokensoyoucangetbacktoyournormallife.3Smile.Whenyousmile,therewillbechemicals(化学物质)inyourbrainthatmakeyouwanttosmilemoreandmakeyoufeelbetter.4Peoplewillsmileback,andthatwillmakeyouhappier.5Pleasegiveyourselfachance.You’dbesurprisedathoweasyitistofeelbetterwhenyoudothingstohelpyourself.A．Talkwithfriends.B．Makenewfriends.C．Gotoapublicplaceandwearasmile.D．Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.E．Theseideasabovearetomakeyoufeelhappy.F．Andwatchingacomedyisaveryeasywaytostartit.G．Goingoutcanbehardifyoudon’twanttobearoundpeople.【高中阶段考点聚焦】课标解读题型特点:1.段首句。通常是段落主题句,或与后文形成并列、转折、因果等关系,又或是段落间的过渡句。2.段中句。通常与前后句形成并列、递进、因果、转折等关系。3.段尾句。通常是结论、概括性语句,又或者是引出下一段的内容。从上表还可以看出试题设置在段中的数量较多,段首句和段尾句较少。在做题过程中,段中试题由于有段落内上下文的提示,比较容易得到答案。段尾试题往往是段落的总结,难度也不大。通常情况下,段首的试题难度也比较小,因为在英语写作中,段首句多为段落主旨句,考生可以根据段落后面的文本快速推测答案。但是当段首句是对上下段的过渡时,难度陡增。2)文章结构(a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点)(b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述)(c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比)(d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的)(e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点)考点清单考点一：段首题1、通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。2、与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。3、段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。【示例】Purposeofsleep2Sleephelpsourbodyheal(修复),grow,andstayhealthy.Italsogivesusenergy,sowecanbeactiveallday.Doctorsandhealthscientistssay:Whenyoucloseyoureyesandneedtorest,sleepisjusttheverybest!Thisismorethanadvice.

A.SleepyanimalsB.Whydoweneedsleep?C.Somepeopletalkintheirdreams.考点二：段中题若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。1、盯紧横线的前后词语。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。2、抓住过渡词，看住上下句。看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。【示例】Fromthere,thereisbothgoodnewsandbadnews.Thebadnews?___10___So,theyhavetojudgeiftheyareonthemarkbythemselves,Murraysaid.Butthegoodnewsisthatmenandboysoftendowellwhentheygothroughtreatmentfortheireatingdisorders.A.Theeatingdisorderfieldhastotreatmalesbasedonstudiesthatincludeonlyfemales.B.Willaboyormanexperienceeatingdisordersinthatwaytoo?C.Thebestwaytohelpthemgetintotreatmentistosharethetruth—theyarenotalone.考点三：段尾题1、空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。2、通常是结论、概括性语句注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore，asaresult，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，in

aword，allinall，inconclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。3、所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。【示例】Asfortheirlovelives,ninepercentofwomenaged45-54mettheirhusbandsthroughtheInternet,andforty-ninepercentofwomenbelievethatthebestagetogetmarriedisbetween25and29.4A．ItseemsthatBritishwomenaren’ttoohappywiththeirbodies.B．Iwantyoutoshareopinionswithus.C．Herearesomeoftheresults.D．Fifty-ninepercentthinkfathersshouldtakemoreresponsibilityfortheirchildren.E．Moreandmorewomenpreferbeingalonetogettingmarried.F．Thebiggestchallengeformodemwomenisbalancinghomeandworklife(82%).G．Becausetheythinktheycanmakearationalchoiceatthatage.【Passage1】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyhaveheardofsharkfinsoup.Butdoyourealizethatyou’rekillingawholesharkeachtimeyouenjoyabowlofsharkfinsoup?Whenpeoplecatchsharks,theycutofftheirfinsandthrowthesharksbackintotheocean.1Withoutafin,asharkcannolongerswimandslowlydies.Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchainintheocean’secosystem.2Manybelievethatsharkscanneverbeendangeredbecausetheyarethestrongestintheirfoodchain.3Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.Environmentalprotectiongroupsaroundtheworld,suchasWildAidandtheWWF,areteachingthepublicabout“finning”.4Sofar,noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth,sowhyeatthem?5A．Helpsavethesharks!B．Theyareingreatdangernow.C．Thisisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.D．Itisthishighpricethathasleadtothespreadofsharkfinning.E．Iftheirnumbersdroptoolow,itwillbringdangertoalloceanlife.F．Theyhaveevenaskedgovernmentstodeveloplawstostopthesaleofsharkfins.G．Butinfact,around70millionsharksarecaughtandtradedinthisindustryeveryyear.【Passage2】Doyoufindithardtosaynowheneversomeonecomestoyouforhelp?Doyoufeelsorrywhenyouhavetotellpeoplethatyoureallycan’thelpthem?Anddoyouoftensay“yes”whileyouransweris“no”?Ifyouansweredyes,youmaybea“people-pleaser”.Beingfriendlyandhelpfulisagoodthing.However,goingtoofarcanmakeyoufeelstressed.6Tostartwith,it’simportanttoknowyourlimitsandcreate“boundaries”inyourlife.Beclearaboutwhatyoureallyliketodo.7Theycanonlycometoyouatthattime.8Inthiscase,youcantrypositiveself-talk.Remindyourselfthatyouhavedreamstoo.Youdon’thavetogiveawayyourtimeandenergytodothingsthatdon’tbringyoujoy.Makingasuddenchangecanbehard,sostartbytakingsmallsteps.Youmay,forexample,texttosayno.9Practicethisindifferentsituations,suchastalkingtoasalespersonororderingatarestaurant.Thentryrefusingyourfriendsorrelatives.Stoppingbeingapeople-pleaserdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogiveupbeingkindandhelpfulaltogether.10Pleasingyourselfismuchmoreimportantthanpleasingothers.A．Youcantellothershowyouwillhelpthem.B．Youcanalsotellotherswhattimeyouarefree.C．Then,workyourwayuptosayingnoinperson.D．Itmakesyoufeelbettertosaynotootherswithoutfacingthem.E．Youcanstilldogoodthings—butdon’ttakeawayyourownhappiness.F．Luckily,therearesomestepsthatyoucantaketostopbeingapeople-pleaser.G．Somepeopletrytopleaseothersbecausetheyhavelittleconfidenceinthemselves.【Passage3】Howdifferentcanculturesbe?Very!Peoplefromdifferentculturescaneatdifferentfoodsandliveindifferentkindsofhouses.Theyprobablyspeakdifferentlanguagesandhavedifferentbeliefsandcustoms.Butguesswhat?11Thesimilaritiesbetweenculturesconnectpeopleandhelpthemcommunicate.Wesometimescallthesemeans(方式)ofcommunicationuniversal(全世界的)languages.12Andsomeofthemallowpeopleofwildlydifferentbackgroundstocommunicateandshareemotionsandfeelings.Forexample,somepeoplebelievemusicisauniversallanguage.13Expertshavelearnedhat,acrosscultures,peoplecannoticethreecommonemotionsinmusic:happiness,sadness,andfear.Musicmayevenbeabletobridgethedifferencesnotonlybetweenpeopleofdifferentculturesbutalsobetweenpeopleandothercreatures(生物).Musichasbeenknowntobeagoodinfluenceonallkindsofanimals.Sowhatotherkindsoflanguagesthateveryonecanunderstandmighttherebe?14Alongwithmusic,dancingseemstobeacommoninterestsharedbypeopleallovertheworld.Doyouthinkyoucouldseeadancefromanothercultureandmakesomereasonableguessesabouttheideasandemotionsbehindit?Ofcourse,youcould!Anotheruniversallanguagethatyoumightnothavethoughtofismath!15Thevalueofpi(圆周率)isaround3.14159,nomatterwhereyouareonEarth!A．Thereissomescientificsupportforthisidea.B．Thereisnodoubtthatartisauniversallanguagetoo.C．Ifyouthinkaboutitnow,though,itjustmakessense.D．Theycanalsobesimilarinwaysyoumightnotexpect.E．Somepeoplebelievedanceisalsoauniversallanguage.F．Peoplefromdifferentculturesdon’thavedifferentopinionsonallthings.G．Strictlyspeaking,they’renotlanguagesbutwaysofsharingthoughtsandideas.【Passage4】OnMarch4th,after10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUNagreement-theHighSeasTreaty(《公海保护协议》).Itisthefirstofitskindin40years,16Oceanscoverabout71%oftheearth’ssurface,andarehometoallanimalsandplants.Healthyoceansplayaveryimportantroleinahealthyplanet.17Overfishing(过度捕捞)hashadterribleinfluenceonmanyfishesandotheranimals.Pollutionhascausedseriousdamage(破环)inmanyareas.In1982,oneUNseaagreementdescribedthe“highseas”—thepartsoftheoceansthataren’tcontrolledbyanycountry.18Thehighseascoverabout2/3oftheocean.Butnowonlyl.2%oftheseareasareprotected.19Italsorequiresthattheresearchshouldfirstbedonetoseewhatinfluencehuman’sactivitiesmighthaveontheoceanenvironment.Duringthepast10years,thetalkswereheldtimeandtimeagain.20Forexample,therearedisagreementsabouthowmuchtocontrolfishingorpollution,Nowtheagreementhasalongwaytogo,whichmustbeofficiallyacceptedataUNmeetingandbesupportedbyenoughcountriesbeforeitworks.A．Buttheoceansareintrouble.B．Andit’sagreatachievementinprotectingtheworld’soceans.C．Theagreementwasfinallyreachedafterdifficultdiscussions.D．Soallcountrieshavetheright(权利)tofishandsendshipsthere.E．Thatisbecausedifferentcountrieshavetheirowndifferentideas.F．Thenewagreementsetsagoaltoturn30%ofthehighseasintoprotectedareas.G．Oceansareimportantforeverythingontheearth.【Passage5】HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandimproveshealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend.21Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.Associatewithothers.Thefirststepinmakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.22Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.23

Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.LetitgrowItisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopress(强迫)yournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.24Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.25Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.A．Becheerful.B．Dothingstogether.C．Donotwaittobespokento.D．Trynottofindfaults(缺点)withyourfriends.E．Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F．Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G．Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.【Passage1】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bananasdon’tgrowontrees.Theygrowonastalk(茎)thatlooksjustalittlelikeastalkofcorn.Thestalkissoftenoughtobecutwithaknife.Ittakesaboutayearbeforebananasarereadytobepicked.Someareassmallasfingers.31.Somebananaplantsgrowastallasahouse—eventaller!32.Somenevergetsweet,andtheyarecookedasakindofvegetable.Thetastyfruitdoesn’tcomefromaseedbutfromarootplanteddeepintheground.First,astalkpushesupintotheair.33.Inthebeginning,thebananaplantgrowsveryfast—sometimesasmuchasthelengthofyourfeetinonenight.Soon,sweet-smellingflowerscomeout,andwhentheirflowersdropoff,bananasbegintogrow.Astheygetbigger,bananasstartturningup(卷起来).34!Bananasarereadytoeatwhentheyturnsoftandyellow.Bananasarepickedlongbeforethis——whenthey’rehardandgreen.Thisisbecausebananashavetotravelmanymilesbeforetheyarriveatastore.35.Therearespecialboatsjustforbananasandspecialtrainsthatkeepthemjustcoolenoughsothattheywillgetripe(成熟的)whiletraveling.Ifbananasarepickedwhentheyareripe,theywillspoilontheway.A．ThentheleavesgrowB．NotallbananasareeatenasfruitC．AlongtimeisspentpickingbananasD．Itlooksasifthey’regrowingupsidedownE．ManypeoplelikeeatingbananasF．Othersareaslongasmen、’sarmsG．Onboatsandtrainsbananastravelallovertheworld【Passage2】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WaystoSleepSmarterStudiesshowthatpoorsleepinfluencespeopletomakegooddecisions,focusonworkandevenmanageafriendlymoodatwork.36.Todaywe’vegotfourtopfavoritesleeptipsandfacts.Setaregularbedtime37.Chooseatimewhenyounormallyfeeltired.Trynottobreakthisroutineonweekendswhenyouwillprobablystayuplate.Ifyouwanttochangeyourbedtime,makethechangegradually,suchas15minutesearlierorlatereachday.Eattherightfood.Somefoodsaremorehelpfultoabetternight’ssleepthanothers.38.Otherslikebananas,potatoes,andwhole-wheatbreadarealsohelpful.39Exercisingprovideslotsofgoodhealthbenefits.Agoodnight’ssleepisoneofthem.Butmakesureyouexerciseinthemorningorafternoon.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportsthatexerciseinthemorningorafternooncanhelpdeepensleepandcutthetimeittakesforyoutofallintosleep.However,thosewhoworkedoutintheeveninghourssawlittleornoimprovementintheirsleep.Reducescreentimebeforebed40.Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplewhouseelectronicmediajustbeforebedtimereportlower-qualitysleepevenwhentheygetasmuchsleepasthosewhodon’t.A．AvoidthealarmclockB．ExercisetoimprovesleepC．Tryto