高一上学期工艺革命与英语再思考试题

高一上学期工艺革命与英语再思考试题一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A篇TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinBritaininthelate18thcentury,transformedsocietyfromagrariantoindustrial.Beforethisperiod,mostpeoplelivedinruralareasandworkedonfarms.However,theinventionofsteamenginesandmechanizedtoolsledtotheriseoffactories.Forexample,JamesWatt’simprovedsteamenginepoweredtextilemills,allowingmassproductionofcloth.Thisshiftcausedpeopletomovetocities,seekingjobsinfactories.By1850,overhalfofBritain’spopulationlivedinurbanareas,atrendthatspreadgloballyinthefollowingdecades.Therevolutionalsochangedeconomicsystems.Mercantilism,whichfocusedontradeandcolonies,gavewaytocapitalism.Entrepreneursinvestedinnewtechnologies,andcompetitiondroveinnovation.However,theworkingconditionswereoftenharsh.Childrenasyoungassixworked14-hourdaysincoalmines,andworkersfacedlowwagesandunsafeenvironments.TheseissueseventuallyledtolabormovementsandtheintroductionoflawsliketheFactoryActof1833,whichlimitedchildlabor.1.WhatcausedpeopletomovetocitiesduringtheIndustrialRevolution?A.ThedeclineofagriculturalproductivityB.TheneedforworkersinfactoriesC.TheinventionofthesteamengineD.Thespreadofcapitalism2.WhichofthefollowingwasanegativeeffectoftheIndustrialRevolution?A.MassproductionofgoodsB.UrbanizationC.ChildlaborD.EconomicgrowthB篇TheSecondIndustrialRevolution(1870–1914)sawadvancementsinelectricity,petroleum,andsteel.ThomasEdison’slightbulbandpowergridsmadeelectricityaccessible,whileNikolausOtto’sinternalcombustionenginerevolutionizedtransportation.HenryFord’sassemblyline,introducedin1913,reducedthetimetobuildacarfrom12hoursto93minutes,makingautomobilesaffordableforordinarypeople.Steelproductionalsoboomed.TheBessemerprocess,developedinthe1850s,allowedlarge-scalesteelmanufacturing,whichwasusedinskyscrapers,bridges,andrailways.Forinstance,theBrooklynBridge,completedin1883,reliedonsteelcablestospantheEastRiver.Theseinnovationsfueledglobaltradeandledtotheriseofmultinationalcorporations,suchasStandardOilandSiemens.3.Howdidtheassemblylineimpacttheautomobileindustry?A.ItincreasedthepriceofcarsB.ItreducedproductiontimeC.ItrequiredfewerworkersD.Itfocusedonluxurymodels4.WhatwasakeymaterialintheSecondIndustrialRevolution?A.CottonB.CoalC.SteelD.WoodC篇TheDigitalRevolution,startinginthelate20thcentury,hasreshapedcommunicationanddailylife.Theinventionoftheinternetinthe1960s,initiallyusedbytheU.S.military,becamepublicinthe1990s.TimBerners-Lee’screationoftheWorldWideWebin1989alloweduserstoaccessinformationthroughhyperlinks,leadingtotheriseofsearchengineslikeGoogleandsocialmediaplatformssuchasFacebook.Smartphones,introducedin2007withtheiPhone,combinedcomputing,communication,andentertainmentinonedevice.Today,over6billionpeopleworldwideusesmartphones,enablingmobilebanking,onlineeducation,andremotework.However,thedigitaldivideremainsachallenge—whiledevelopedcountriesenjoyhigh-speedinternet,manyruralareasinAfricaandAsiastilllackbasicconnectivity.5.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeoftheinternet?A.CommercialcommunicationB.MilitaryuseC.AcademicresearchD.Socialnetworking6.Whichinventionmadesmartphonesacentralpartofmodernlife?A.TheWorldWideWebB.TheiPhoneC.GoogleD.Socialmedia第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheGreenRevolution,launchedinthe1960s,aimedtosolveglobalhungerthroughagriculturaltechnology.7Scientistsdevelopedhigh-yieldcropvarieties,suchasdwarfwheatandrice,whichproducedmoregrainperacre.8Forexample,inIndia,wheatproductiondoubledbetween1965and1970,reducingdependenceonfoodimports.9Farmersneededtobuyexpensivefertilizersandpesticides,whichoftenledtodebt.Additionally,theoveruseofchemicalscausedsoildegradationandwaterpollution.10Today,manycountriesareexploringsustainablefarmingmethods,suchasorganicagricultureandcroprotation,tobalanceproductivityandenvironmentalprotection.A.However,theGreenRevolutionhadunintendedconsequences.B.ItwasledbyscientistslikeNormanBorlaug.C.Thesevarietiesrequiredlargeamountsofwaterandsyntheticinputs.D.Therevolutionalsopromotedmechanizationinfarming.E.Asaresult,foodsecurityimprovedinmanydevelopingnations.F.Climatechangehasfurthercomplicatedagriculturalchallenges.G.Geneticallymodifiedcropswereintroducedtoincreaseresistancetopests.二、七选五补全短文（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheImpactofTechnologicalRevolutionsonLanguageTechnologicalrevolutionsnotonlychangetoolsandindustriesbutalsoshapethewaywecommunicate.11Forexample,theprintingpress,inventedbyJohannesGutenbergin1440,standardizedlanguage.Beforethis,bookswerehandwritten,andspellingvariedwidely.Withmass-producedbooks,dictionariesandgrammarruleswereestablished,leadingtomodernstandardizedlanguageslikeEnglishandFrench.TheDigitalRevolutionhassimilarlytransformedlanguage.12Abbreviationslike“LOL”(laughoutloud)and“BRB”(berightback)emergedfromtextingandsocialmedia.Emojis,firstcreatedinJapaninthe1990s,arenowusedgloballytoexpressemotionsindigitalconversations.A2023studyfoundthat92%ofinternetusersincludeemojisintheirmessages,makingthemauniversalformofexpression.13Voicerecognitiontechnology,suchasSiriandAlexa,haschangedspokenlanguagepatterns.Peoplenowspeaktomachinesinshorter,moredirectsentences,like“Setatimerfor10minutes”insteadof“Couldyoupleasesetatimerfor10minutes?”Thisshiftreflectshowtechnologyinfluencesnotonlywritingbutalsospeech.14Criticsarguethatexcessiveuseofabbreviationsandemojisharmsgrammarskills,especiallyamongyounglearners.However,linguistsnotethatlanguageevolutionisnatural.15Justastheprintingpresspreservedclassicalliterature,digitaltoolslikeonlinedictionariesandtranslationappshelppreserveendangeredlanguages,ensuringculturaldiversityinthedigitalage.A.Newtechnologiesoftencreatenewvocabulary.B.Languageadaptstonewformsofcommunication,andtechnologyacceleratesthisprocess.C.TheIndustrialRevolutionintroducedtechnicaltermsrelatedtomachineryandmanufacturing.D.Socialmediaplatformshavealsopopularizedslangandviralphrases.E.Technologyhasalsoaffectedspokenlanguage.F.Someworryaboutthenegativeimpactofdigitalcommunicationontraditionallanguage.G.Theinternethasmademultilingualcommunicationmoreaccessiblethanever.三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thestoryofthetelephoneillustrateshowtechnologicalinnovationcan16society.In1876,AlexanderGrahamBellpatentedhisinvention,whichallowedvoicetransmissionoverwires.Atfirst,manyviewedthetelephoneasa17toy.WesternUnion,theleadingtelegraphcompany,dismisseditas“nothingmorethana18.”However,Bellandhispartnerspersisted,andby1880,therewereover50,000telephonesintheUnitedStates.Telephonestransformedbusinessandpersonalcommunication.Beforethis,messagesreliedonlettersortelegraphs,whichcouldtakedaystoarrive.Withthetelephone,peoplecould19instantly,makingremotecollaborationpossible.Companiesbuiltcallcenters,andfamiliesstayedconnectedacrosslongdistances.Bythe1920s,telephoneswere20inmiddle-classhomes,andphraseslike“callme”enteredeverydaylanguage.Today,smartphoneshave21traditionaltelephones.Withfeatureslikevideocalls,messagingapps,andinternetaccess,theyarepocket-sized22centers.Theevolutionofcommunicationtechnologyshowsthatevenrevolutionaryinventionsoftenfaceskepticismbeforebecoming23todailylife.AsBelloncesaid,“Greatdiscoveriesandimprovementsinvariablyinvolvethecooperationofmanyminds.”16.A.divideB.transformC.ignoreD.simplify17.A.uselessB.expensiveC.dangerousD.revolutionary18.A.curiosityB.necessityC.failureD.miracle19.A.argueB.communicateC.travelD.work20.A.rareB.optionalC.commonD.forbidden21.A.replacedB.repairedC.hiddenD.protected22.A.entertainmentB.communicationC.educationD.medical23.A.familiarB.essentialC.invisibleD.mysterious四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheSteamEngineandTransportationJamesWatt’ssteamengine,inventedin1775,wasakeydriveroftheIndustrialRevolution.BeforeWatt’simprovement,steamengines24(use)mainlytopumpwaterfrommines.Wattaddedaseparatecondenser,makingtheenginemoreefficientandsuitableforotherpurposes.Bytheearly1800s,steamengines25(power)trainsandsteamships,revolutionizingtransportation.Thefirststeamlocomotive,builtbyGeorgeStephensonin1814,couldpullcoalwagonsat4mph.In1825,theStockton&DarlingtonRailwayopened,26(become)theworld’sfirstpublicrailway.Passengerswerethrilledbythespeed,whichreached15mph—aremarkablefeatatthetime.By1850,railways27(connect)majorcitiesinEuropeandAmerica,reducingtraveltimebetweenLondonandEdinburghfrom40hoursbycoachto12hoursbytrain.Steamshipsalsochangedglobaltrade.TheSSGreatBritain,launchedin1843,wasthefirstiron-hulledsteamshiptocrosstheAtlanticOcean.28(previous),sailingshipsdependedonwindandtookweekstocompletethejourney.Steamshipscutthetimeto14days,makinginternationaltradefasterand29(reliable).Today,whilesteamengines30(replace)bydieselandelectricengines,theirlegacyliveson.Theytaughtus31powerofinnovationtoovercomelimitations,andtheirinfluencecanbeseeninmoderntransportationsystems32relyonenginesandmachinery.五、书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter对中国的科技发展感兴趣。请你给他写一封信，介绍