“三美论”指导下苏轼诗词英译的研究-以许渊冲译本为例

I“三美论”指导下苏轼诗词英译的研究——以许渊冲译本为例摘要“书销中外六十本，诗译英法第一人”，作为享誉中外的翻译家，许渊冲教授一直致力于文学翻译，以鲁迅的观点为基石，在日积月累的探索过程中总结出具有其独到见解的系统性诗词翻译理论，即著名的“三美论”。宋词中国文化的瑰宝，在同其他国家的文化交流过程中，它的英译版本也备受瞩目。其中苏轼是我国宋代著名作家,给我们留下了许多杰出的作品，他豪放的诗词给后人留下的印象和影响非常深远。以许渊冲的“三美论”为理论基础来具体阐释诗词英译的“三美”，用意美、形美、音美来再现苏轼诗词之美，进而呈现宋词之美。通过分析许译苏轼诗词，并结合各大名家著作对于其诗词的理解阐释，对译本作细致深入的分析，分析许译苏轼诗词是用何种方式手段再现诗词之美，以及许渊冲英译诗词否实现了“三美”，并进一步体现“三美论”的重要指导意义。关键词:许渊冲；“三美论”；苏轼诗词；翻译理论；宋词翻译IIABSTRACTAsaremarkabletranslatorofChineseancientpoetry,XuYuanchongisconsideredtobeoneofthehigheststandardsinthefieldoftranslationtoChineseclassicalpoetrywhointroducesChineseclassicalancientpoemstotheworld.XuYuanchongputforwardThreePrinciplesofBeauty:beautyinsense,beautyinsoundandbeautyinform.XuYuanchong’stranslationtheoriesandstrategiesprovidesafirmtheoreticalbasisforthereproductionofChineseclassicalancientpoems.SuShiisoneoftheforemostrepresentativepoetsinNorthernSongliteraturewhowrotemanyci-poetry.Nevertheless,hisgreatachievementsnotonlyliesonhisci-poetry,butalsoonhisoutstandingproductioninthefieldofarts,suchasprose,paintingandcalligraphy.XuYuanchong'stranslationisprecise,fullofaestheticperceptionandattainsthehighestlevelofbeautiesinsense,soundandform.ByanalyzingtheEnglishversionsofSuShi'sci-poetrybyXuYuanchong,thethesisaimstoanalyzetheaestheticreproductionofSuShi'sci-poetryandthetheoreticalsignificanceofThreePrinciplesofBeautyintranslation.Keywords:XuYuanchong;ThreePrinciplesofBeauty;SuShi’sci-poetry;SongCi-poetrytranslation;translationtheoryIIIContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u9318Chapter1ResearchBackgroundandtheValueoftheThesis Chapter1ResearchBackgroundandtheValueoftheThesisRecentyears,China'scomprehensivenationalstrengthhasgreatlyimprovedandChinahasbecomeoneofthecorecountriesaroundtheworld.Simultaneously,undersuchachanginginternationalcircumstance,therearemorechallengesandalsoopportunitiesforChina,amongwhichculturalcommunicationplaysamoreandmorecrucialroleinit.1.1TheSignificanceofThisResearchChinesecivilizationisuniqueandprofoundintheworldandthetranslationofChineseclassicpoetryisessentialinthecross-culturalunderstandingandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheWesternworld.Ontheotherhand,it’saverycrucialmeantojointlypromotethetransmissionofChineseclassicpoetry.Therefore,thestudyofthetranslationofSongLyricsisofgreatsignificanceinmanyaspects.AmongChineseclassicalpoetry,SongLyricshasgreataccomplishmentinChineseliterature.SuShienjoysagreatreputationintheNorthernSongDynastyforhisgreatachievementsinci-poetry.Hisci-poetryaresofascinatingthatmoreandmoretranslatorsbegintobeinterestedinhisci-poetryandtostarttoconcentrateonit.Nonetheless,fewscholarsstudyandanalyzeSuShi’spoetryformthepointofviewofThreePrinciplesofBeauty.Forthisreason,thecasestudyofSuShi’spoetry’translationwillbeanalyzedatlengthcombinedwiththeThreePrinciplesofBeauty.1.2LiteratureReviewThethreeprinciplesofbeautyinsense,beautyinsoundandbeautyinformconstitutesXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeauty.Actually,beautyinthreeaspectswasfirstlyputforwardbythegreatliteraturemasterLuXunincontemporaryChinainthebookTheCompendiumofChineseLiteratureHistory.Heinterpretedinthisbookthat“beautyinsenseisfortouchingtheheart;beautyinformisforthejoyoftheeyeandbeautyinsoundisforthejoyofear”,[1]whichmeansintheprocessoftranslation,thetranslatorshouldsparenopainstoconveythesethreeaspectsastheyareessentialtoapoem.ApartfromXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeauty,therearemanydifferentEnglishversionsofSiShi’spoetryandalotofexcellenttranslatorshavetranslatedhisci-poetryandstudiedhislifeexperience,suchasLinYutang,whopublishedTheGayGeniustellingSuShi’slifeexperience,spiritandhisachievement.Moreover,manyscholarsandtranslatorsstudySuShi’sci-poetryfromvarioustheoriesanddifferentviewpoints.However,thetranslationstoSuShi’spoetrybytranslatorsabroadarenotvarious,thepublishedversionsareratherless.[2]Nevertheless,therearealsosomeremarkabletranslatorsabroadwhoproducedsuccessfultranslationsofSuShi’sci-poetry,suchasWatsonBurton,RexrothKennethandsonon.ThisthesisaimstoperceiveXuYaunchong’saestheticthoughtsontranslationthroughstudyandtohaveabetterunderstandingofbothChinesandWesternculture.Moreover,togiveadetailedanalysistotestifywhetherthetranslationhascompletelyreproducedthreebeautiesinSuShi’sci-poetry.1.3BriefIntroductionoftheThesisRecentyears,China'scomprehensivenationalstrengthhasgreatlyimprovedandChinahasbecomeoneofthecorecountriesaroundtheworld.Simultaneously,undersuchachanginginternationalcircumstance,therearemorechallengesandalsoopportunitiesforChina,amongwhichculturalcommunicationplaysamoreandmorecrucialroleinit.ChinaisacomprehensivecountrywithahistoryofoverfivethousandyearsandespeciallySongLyricsareofgreatsignificance.ItisknowntoallthattherearetwoschoolsofSongLyricswhicharecalledHaofangStyleandWanyueStylerespectively,andSuShiisoneoftherepresentativesofHaofangstyleandthethesisaimstotrytoattractmorepeople’sattentiononSuShi’sci-poetrytranslation.Thethreeprinciplesofbeautyinsense,beautyinformandbeautyinsoundconstitutesXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeautyonChinesetranslation.“Beautyinsense”meansthatthetranslationshouldfaithfullyreproducethefeelingofthepoetandthemeaningoforiginalpoetry.“Beautyinsound”meansthetranslationshouldtrytoreproducethemusicalrhythmoftheoriginalpoetryasmuchaspossible.“Beautyinform”meansthattheformoftheoriginalpoetryshouldbepreservedasmuchaspossible.[3]TranslationstoSuShi’sci-poetryarediversifiedandmanyfamoustranslatorshavetranslatedhisci-poetry,suchasXuYuanchong,LinYutang,WangHonggongandsonon.AndvarioustranslationtheoriesandtranslationapproachesareappliedtostudyandtranslateSuShi’sci-poetry.ThethesisselectstherepresentativetranslatedversionofSuShi’sci-poetrybyXuYuanchongin300SongLyrics.Throughthis,thethesisnotonlyaimstoexaminewhetherXu’stranslationhasachievedallthesethreeaspectsinThreePrinciplesofBeauty,butalsotrytoperceivehistranslationthoughtsandhisunderstandingofChineseclassicalculture.XuYuanchong’stheoryisquiteconvincingforitsinnovativevalueandprospect.[4]ThetheorydevelopsfromXuYuanchong’stranslationpracticeanditisinstructiveinthefieldofthetranslationofChineseancientpoetry.ItcanbeconcludedfromthecasestudyinthethesisthattheThreePrinciplesofBeautyisfeasibletoanalyzethetranslationofSuShi’sci-poetry.Tofulfilltheobjectiveoftheresearch,toexploretheaestheticreproductionofSuShi’sci-poetryandthetheoreticalandpracticalsignificanceoftheThreePrinciplesofBeautyintranslation,fourmainchaptersaredesigned.Chapteronemainlyintroducestheresearchbackgroundandthevalueofthethesis.Thischapterisdividedintofiveparts,thesignificanceandimportanceofthisresearch,literaturereview,generalintroductionofthethesis,expectedresultsandresearchmethodologyofthethesis.Chaptertwoillustratesthetheoreticalframework.ThischaptergivesabriefintroductiontoXuYuanchongandadetaileddefinitiontohisThreePrinciplesofBeautyinthreeaspectsrespectively.ChapterthreegenerallyintroducesSuShi’sachievementandEnglishversionsofhisci-poetry,whichconsistsoftwomainparts:theintroductionofSuShiandhisci-poetryandstudiesonthetranslationsofSuShi’sci-poetrybothathomeandabroad.Chapterfouristhemainlybodyofthethesis.Thischaptercombinedthetheoryandthespecifictranslationstogiveadetailedillustrationandanalysis.1.4MethodologyoftheResearchTofulfillthethesis,theauthorsearchesmanyreferencedata,paper,journalarticleandtheoreticalwriting.What’smore,avarietyapproacheshavebeenappliedtoobtaintheoreticalinformationonXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeautyandSuShi’sci-poetry.Theoreticalfoundationisprovidedfortheanalysisofthetheoryknowledgeandcases.Atthesametime,collectingspecificEnglishexamplesofSuShi’sci-poetrybyXuYuanchongfromthebook300SongLyricsasthecasestudy.1.5ExpectedResultsoftheThesisThetitleofthisthesisis“AStudyoftheEnglishTranslationofSuShi’sci-poetryfromtheThreePrinciplesofBeauty”,whichaimshaveafurtherunderstandingofXuYuanchong’saestheticperceptiononChineseclassicalpoetryandhistranslationthoughts.Moreover,byanalyzingXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeauty,thethesisaimstoexaminewhetherXuYuanchong’stranslationshaveachievedallthethreebeautiesinsense,soundandform.BystudyingtheoriginalSuShi’sci-poetryandtheEnglishtranslationsbyXuYuanchongin300SongLyrics,thethesisexpectstodrawaconclusionthatthebeautyinsenseandsoundhavebeenachievedproperly.Nonetheless,beautyinformisnotachievedassuccessfulasthatofbeautyinsenseandsound.ThecompleteapplicationofallthethreebeautiesinthetranslationofSuShi’sci-poetryisratherrare.Agoodtranslatormustbeagoodwriter.Toproduceanexcellenttranslation,thetranslatorsneedtochallengetobemorecreativetomaketheforeignpeoplecapturetheessenceofChinesetraditionalculture.Chapter2TheoreticalFrameworkandResearchMethodologyXuYuanchongcontributesalottothedevelopmentandwidespreadofChineseliterarytomanystages.[5]Moreover,healsoputforwardmanytranslationtheoriesandstrategieswhichareallofgreatsignificance.ThischaptergivesaintroductionoftranslatorXuYuanchongandhisachievementsinthefieldoftranslationatlength.2.1XuYuanchongandHisAchievementXuYuanchongisacknowledgedastheonlyexpertinChinawhohasevertranslatedclassicalChinesepoetryintobothEnglishandFrench.[6]XuYuanchongisanoutstandingscholarandtranslatorwhoinsistsontranslatingpracticeandconstantlyputsforwardtheoriesandstrategiesforallhisworkinglife.XuYuanchongwasbornatNanchang.Whenhewas17,heenteredSouthwestAssociationUniversitywheremanyexcellentprofessorsleftprofoundinfluenceonhimasdescribedinhisautobiographyVanishedSprings.ProfessorQianZhongshuinitiatedhim“intoaphilosophicalviewoftheworldbysayingthateverythingisthequestionmarkandnothingisafullstop".[7]AlltheseleadXuYuanchongtoatotallynewanddifferentviewonhisthought,andpavedthewayforhisbeingthemostpredominanttranslatorwhoputforwardthetheoreticalcreationinliterarytranslation,namely,ThreePrinciplesofBeauty.Furthermore,manyotherscholarsenlightenedXuYuanchongintheprocessofstudyandtranslation.SuchasZhuZiqing,anoutstandingessayistwhogavealectureonancientpoems,throughwhichXuproducedtheideathat“theChineselanguageisvagueandrichinmeaning".[8]Yiduo,anotherprestigiousscholar,awokeinhim“anewloveofbeautyofnatureandofpoetry".[9]2.2ThreePrinciplesofBeautyBasedonLuXun’sthreebeautiesinliteratureandcombinedwithhispracticalexperience,XuYuanchongproposedThreePrinciplesofBeauty.AccordingtoLuXun,therearethreeaspectsofbeautyinChineselanguage:appealingtotheheartinsense,appealingtotheearinsoundaswellasappealingtotheeyeinform,whichmadethefoundationofXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeauty.[10]InXuYuanchong’sopinion,thebesttranslationsarethoseachieveallthethreebeautiesinsense,soundandform.[11]Therefore,XuYuanchongholdstheviewthattopreservethebeautyinsense,wemayusethemethodof“paraphrase”(freeorliberaltranslation);topreservethebeautyinsound,wemayusethemethodof“imitation”(oradaptation);topreservethebeautyinform,wemayusethemethodof“metaphrase”(orliteraltranslation).[12]Theprinciplesofthethreebeautiesaredefinedasfollow.2.2.1BeautyinSenseBeautyinsensemeansthatthereproductionofthesuperficialmeaningisnotenough,andthetranslatorsshouldalsoperceiveandreproducetheimpliedspiritinit.Intermsofthisaspect,beautyinsenseisthebasisofthe“ThreeBeauties”Theory,andthepursuitofatranslatoristotranslatethetextwithoutmakingmistakes,omissionsandaddition.InthetheoryofThreeBeauties,ifthecontent,rhymeandformofthepoemareharmonious,thetranslationprocesswillberelativelyeasy;ifnot,thesenseshouldenjoythefirstpriority.[13]2.2.2BeautyinSoundInXuYuanchong’sopinion:“poetryshouldhaverhythmandrhyme,besmoothlywrittenandsweet-soundingandthisisthebeautyinsoundinpoetry”.[12]P127“Poetryandmusicareliketwinsisters.Theyarecloselyrelatedtoeachotherfromtheirbirth”.[14]Therefore,inChineseclassicalancientpoetry,bothharmoniousrhythmandrhymeplayacrucialroleinpoetry.Chinesepoetryhasemployedrhymeoverseveralhundredyears.Forthisreason,XuYuanchonginsiststhatatranslatorshouldutilizerhymeandabidebytheregulationsinChinesepoetrytranslationbutnotfreeverse.2.2.3BeautyinFormIntermsofbeautyinform,peopleoftenmean“linelength,versepattern,repetitionofwords,parallelisminstructure,etc”.[8]P25Thatis,thesuperficialpresentationofthepoetryisregularlyformed.AccordingtoXuYuanchonginhistheory,“beautyinformofpoetryisitssuccinctdictionanddensecombinationofimages”.[15]Inthetranslationofpoetry,XuYuanchongholdstheviewthatitisnecessarytokeeptheoriginalforminstructureofthepoetryasmuchaspossible.Onlyinthisway,canthetargetlanguagereadersfeelthestructuralbeautyofthesourcelanguage.Chapter3SuShi’sAchievementandEnglishVersionsofHisCi-Poetry3.1SuShiandSuShi’sPoetrySuShi,theeldestsonofSuShiwhoisknowledgeable,goodatwriting,poetry,calligraphyandpainting.Hispoetryisrichinsubjects,andwithvariousartisticconceptions,whichbreaksthroughthetraditionalfenceof"ci-poetryasanamorousdiscipline"sincethelateTangandtheFiveDynastiesandthebeginningoftheSongDynasty.SuShicratestheboldandunconstrainedschool,whichhasaprofoundinfluenceonfuturegenerations.3.1.1IntroductiontoSuShiandHisPoetryChinesepoetryhasalonghistory,andSuShihasbeenoneoftherepresentativepoetsforhundredsofyears.Thestyleofhispoemsiseclectic,whichsometimesisoptimistic,sometimeseuphemistic.Heisgoodatutilizingexaggerationsandmetaphorsinhispoetry.Allthesecometoformhisuniquestyle,andtheword"beauty"runsthroughhisworks.SuShihasachievedahighlevelofaccomplishmentinthreeaspects:literary,poetic,andci-poetry.Moreover,SuShi'screativethoughtsandperceptionsarenotlimitedtoliterature.Healsohasremarkableachievementsinthefieldsofcalligraphyandpainting.What’smore,hehasalsocontributedalottomedicine,cooking,waterconservancyandotherskills.[16]Tosomeextent,SuShitypicallyreflectstheculturalspiritoftheSongDynasty.Fromthescopeofliteraryhistory,SuShiisofgreatsignificancewhichmainlyliesontwopoints.Firstly,SuShi'sattitudetowardslifehasbecometheparadigmofadmirationforgenerationsofliterati,thatis,hecanbeindifferenttopersonalgainsandlossesfacingadversecircumstancesandcankeepsteadywhateverhappens,whichisahighstature.Secondly,SuShi’saestheticattitudeprovidedanenlighteningaestheticparadigmforfuturegenerations.Heembracedthevastworldwithabroadaestheticvision,soeverythingisappreciableandbeautycanbefoundeverywhereinhisworks.3.1.2IntroductiontoSuShi’sCi-poetrySuShiisaprominentfigureinthecreationandthedevelopmentofci-poetry.Intermsofthedevelopmentofaliteraryform,thehistoricalcontributionofSuShi'sci-poetryhassurpassedhisachievementsinliteratureandpoetry.AfterLiuYong,SuShicarriedoutacomprehensivereformofthestyleofthelyric,andfinallystruggledtobrakethroughthetraditionalstyleof"Yanke",whichwroteaboutloveandromancebetweenmenandwomen,andimprovedtheliterarystatusofci-poetry.Ittransformedci-poetryfromamusicalaccessorytoanindependentlyricstyle,whichhasfundamentallychangedthedevelopmentdirectionofci-poetryhistory.[17]Enlargingtheexpressivefunctionofci-poetryandopeningupthecontextarethemaindirectionsofSuShi'sreformofstyle.Heextendedthetraditionalexpressionoffemininetendernessintomasculineexpressionofpride,andalsoextendedthetraditionalexpressionofloveonlytothatoftemperamentsothattheci-poetrycouldfullyexpressandconveytheauthor'stemperament,affectionandpersonalitylikeapoem.SuShiintroducedthoseenterprisingpeoplewithambitiousideal,passionandvitalityintotheworldofci-poetry,andchangedtheoriginalsoftmoodofci-poetry.LikeSuShi'spoems,hisci-poetryoftenexpresseshisthinkingaboutlife.Thisrationalthinkingaboutlifeandfatehasenhancedthephilosophicalimplicationofcontext.ThoughSuShideeplyfeltthatlifewaslikeadream,hedidnotlosehopeinlifebutalwayssoughttomaintainedatenaciousoptimisticbeliefandatranscendentattitudetowardslife.SuShi’sci-poetryexploredbothintotheinnerworldofheartandtheoutsideworld.[18]Essentially,SuShi's"takingpoetryasci"istobreakthroughtherestrictionsofmusiconthestyleofthelyrics,andtochangeci-poetryfromasubsidiaryofmusictoanindependentlyricform.SuShiwroteci-poetrymainlyforpeopletoread,butnottosing,soheattachedmoreimportancetothefreedomoflyricism.Healsoadheredtotherhythmoftheci-poetrybutwasnotrestrictedbytherhythm.Becauseofthis,SuShiwriteswithgoodintentions,evenifhemayoccasionallydisregardthestandardofconsonantrhythms.However,justinthisway,SuShi’sci-poetry,likehispoems,showsabundantpassion,richimaginationandfreelychanginglanguagestyle.3.2StudiesontheTranslationofSuShi’sCi-PoetryInthetreasuryofancientChinesepoetry,ShiShi'spoemsaretheshiningpearls.EvenhisfamilyareallgreatinChineseliterature,buthisworksarethemostremarkable.Hisworksaredeeplylovedbymanyliterati,andmanytranslatorsconstantlycometointerpretandtranslateSuShi'sworks.3.2.1StudiesontheTranslationofSuShi’sCi-PoetryAbroadThoughSuShi'spoemsareofgreatimportanceinChineseclassicalpoetry.Throughresearch,itwasfoundthatthecompleteandsuccessfulEnglishversionsofSuShi’sci-poetryarerare,andmostoftheseworksarescatteredinafewselectionsofChineseclassicalci-poetry.Moreover,theEnglishtranslationsofSuShi’sci-poetryhavefourfeatures.Firstisthatthetranslationofhisci-poetrystartedlatecomparedtootherChineseclassicpoems.Secondisthatitwasnotuntilthebeginningofthe20thcenturyhadhisci-poetrybeenscatteredtobetranslatedintoGerman,FrenchandEnglish.ThethirdisthatthenumberofthetranslationstoSuShipoemsissmall,andthelastfeatureisthattherearen’tmanycompleteandsuccessfultranslations.Nonetheless,therearealsosomeoutstandingtranslatorsabroad,suchasWatsonBurton,RexrothKenneth.ThemostoutstandingoneisWatsonBurton,ProfessorofColumbiaUniversityinAmerica.HepublishedSuTung-Po:SelectionsFromaSungDynastyPoetseparatelyin1965and1994,forwhichhewonthetranslationawardinthePENAmericaCenter.BurtonWatsontranslatedthemostpoemsofSuShiabroad,anduptonow,hehastranslatedmorethanonehundredpoems.3.2.2StudiesontheTranslationofSuShi’sCi-PoetryatHomeTherearemanytranslatorsinChinainterestedinSuShi’spoemswhoploughintheprocessoftranslatinghisci-poetry.Amongthosescholars,thereareXuYuanchong,YangXianyi,LinYutang,WangHonggongandsoon.Translationcanbeinfluencedbysociety,cultureandtranslator’slifeexperience,andmanydiversifiedtranslationmethodsareutilizedintheprocessoftranslation.XuYuanchonghascultivatedandpracticedhistranslationforover60years.Inthefieldoftranslation,hisfocusisonthetranslationtoChineseclassicalancientpoems.Throughyearsofdiligentpractice,XuYuanchongformedthetheoriesoftranslatingrhyme-stylepoems.[19]Comparedtomanyothertranslatorsathome,hisworksaremorerepresentative.Therefore,XuYuanchong’stranslationistakenasthestudyobject.YangXianyi'sEnglishtranslationsofSuShi'spoemsareaccompaniedbyhisEnglishwifeDynedale'sco-translation,whichisinevitablewithWesternthinkinginhistranslation.TheGayGeniustellsaboutSuShi’slifeexperience,spiritandhisworksiswrittenandpublishedbyChinesetranslatorLinYutang.ManyotherresearchmethodshavebeenappliedinstudyingSuShi’spoems’translation,suchascognitivemetonymytheory,ecologicalfunctionandsoon.DaiYuxiastudiedandpublishedabookoncontrastiveEnglishtranslationstoSuShi’spoemsfromtheperspectiveofharmoniousintegrationtranslation.Chapter4ThreePrinciplesofBeautyintheTranslationofSuShi'sCi-PoetryAgoodpoemisnaturallyregardedtobeexpressedbytheunityofsense,soundandform,andinXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeauty:sensemeanswords,soundmeansmusicalityandformmeansdance.XuYuanchonginsiststhatasuccessfultranslationcan“preservetoahighdegreetheoriginalbeautyinsense,insoundandinform”.[20]Therefore,hisThreePrinciplesofBeautyisthetheoreticalfoundationofthispaper.Faithfullyconveythebeautiesinthreeaspectsoftheoriginalpoemsisthecoreofthetheory.[21]P23Andtranslatorofpoetryshouldnotbecontentwiththesolelyconveyingofthemeaningintheoriginal,butstrivefortheapplicationoftranslationstrategiesandreproductionoftheoriginalbeauty.SuShi’sci-poetryenjoysagreatreputationinChineseliterature.WiththeguidanceofXuYuanchong’sThreePrinciplesofBeauty,manysuccessfultranslationsareconstantlyemerging.ThischapterisintendedtodiscussatlengththeapplicationandreproductionofthreebeautiesinSuShi'sci-poetrytranslationthroughtheanalysisofthetranslationtoSuShi’sci-poetrybyXuYuanchong.4.1BeautyinSenseInoneofXuYuanchong’smasterpiecesontranslation,TheArtofTranslation,hestatesthat“inthetranslationofpoems,themostimportanttaskforatranslatortodoistoreproducethebeautyinsense".[12]P121Thatistosay,firstofall,meaningmustbegivenpriority,andintermsofthecontentofthepoem,itistheforemostintranslation.Secondly,styleissecondarytocontentandalsosignificant.Bythismeans,atranslatorcanreproducetheartistictechniquesandpoet’sthoughtsandfeelingsinthetranslation.4.1.1StylisticCharacteristicsSuShi’sci-poetryhasuniqueandprominentfeatures,andthesefeaturesareasfollowing.SuShi’sci-poetrycombinestheromanticismandrealism,andrealismisparticularlyfeatured.Heattachesgreatconcerntothesufferingsofthepeople.Moreover,heisdiscontentwiththeviciousgovernmentandhisrealisticspiritareembodiedinhisdeepemotiontohisnationandcountry.Penetratedinhisci-poetry,thereisastrongpatrioticemotionstrugglingtobeatLiaoDynastyandWesternXia.Ontheotherhand,SuShiinventedtheboldandunconstrainedstylewhichisalsocalledHaofangstyle,ismixedwithgraceandrestrictions.Takepoetryasci-poetrywhichmeanscreatingthesameanimationinci-poetryasthatinpoetry.Furthermore,thecomplexcontentofhisci-poetryiscloselyrelatedtohisexperienceoflife,sufferingandpoliticalcareer.Eventually,BuddhismisalsoinvolvedinShiShi'sci-poetry.AlltheseconstitutesSuShi’sdistinctstyleofci-poetry.4.1.2ImagesImageisanimportantconceptinancientChineseliterary.Meaningcomesfromtheheartandexpressesitselfthroughtheimage,andtheimageactuallycarryingthemeaning.TraditionalChinesepoeticsrefertotheartistictechniquesconsistsofcombiningemotionsandscenes,entrustingscenestoproducemixedemotions.Thewriterhasaspecialfeelingoftheoutsideworld,andentrustshisemotionstoaspecificimage.Thencreatesaspecificartisticuniverse,sothatthereaderscanreadthepoemaccordingtohisartisticworldandcarryoutarecreationintheheart,andpenetratereaders’ownfeelingsonthebasisoftherestorationofwhatthepoethasseenandfelt.Imagerygenerallyreferstonaturalimagery,thatis,theimageofnaturetakenfromnature.Theimagesofmanyancientpoemsarenaturalimages.Sometimesthesocialthingssunginthepoems,thecharactersdepicted,thescenesofliferepresented,theintriguesofsociallifeandhistoricalfactsarealsousedtobearthefeelings,whicharealsotheimages.4.1.2.1NaturalImagesJustasthenamesuggests,naturalimagescomefromthenatureareusuallyaloadofemotiontoexpresstheauthor’sfeelings.Moreover,agoodimagecanevokereaders’sensationalemotions.Asthecharacteristicsoftheliteraryofhisperiod,thestyleoftheimagesinSuShi’spoemsaregracefulbutunconstrained.Therefore,theimagesinhisci-poetryaresometimesgraceful,forexample,“待闲看清风，洛水清波”，“似花还似非花”,whichwithvirtualreality.Throughdetaileddescription,theauthor’sfeelingissubtlyconveyed.Sometimes,theimagesinhisci-poetryismagnificent,forinstance,“我梦扁舟浮震泽，雪浪摇空千顷白”，“乱石崩云，惊涛裂岸，卷起千堆雪”,whichcanarousereaders’reflectionsbytheirimposingeffect.Allthesenaturalimagescanpromotetheartisticandnaturalsenseofthepoems.AnexampleofXuYuanchong’stranslationisselectedtobeanalyzed.Hereisastanzasin“JoyofEternalUnion,PassingtheSeven-LeagueShallows”（行香子·过七里濑）whichdrawapictureofaleaf-likeboatdriftingaloneleisurelybutchilly:Aleaflikeboatgoeslight;Atdrippingoarswildgeesetakefright.UnderaskysereneClearshadowsfloatoncalmwavesgreen.AmongthemirroredwatergrassfishplayAndegretsdottheriverbankmist-gery.T