2018年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语真题

2018年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语真题一、PartⅠVocabulary二、SectionA1.Themedicalteamdiscussedtheirshared________toeliminatingthiscurabledisease.

A.obedience

B.susceptibility

C.inclination

D.dedication

√【句意】这个医疗团队讨论了各自在根除这种可治愈的疾病方面所共享的贡献。名词词义辨析题。obedience“顺从；服从；遵守”；susceptibility“易受影响或损害的状态；感受性；感情（脆弱之处）”；inclination“倾向；爱好；倾斜”；dedication“奉献；贡献；赠言”。由句中关键词“shared共享的”和“eliminatingthiscurabledisease根除这种可治愈的疾病”的对应知“贡献”符合语境，故D项正确。2.Manyofusaretaughtfromanearlyagethatthegrown-upresponsetopain,weakness,oremotional________istoignoreit,totoughitout.

A.turmoil

√

B.rebellion

C.temptation

D.relaxation【句意】从很小时起，我们很多人就被教导，对于疼痛、软弱或情绪混乱的成熟应对是忽视它并忍耐过去。名词词义辨析题。turmoil“混乱；骚动；动乱”；rebellion“叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从”；temptation“引诱；诱惑物”；relaxation“放松；缓和；消遣”。由句中关键词“grown-upresponsetopain,weakness,oremotional…对于疼痛、软弱或情绪……的成熟应对”和“toignoreit,totoughitout忽视它并忍耐过去”的对应知“混乱”符合语境，故A项正确。3.Thosedepressedkidsseemtocarelittleaboutothers,________communicationandindulgeintheirownworlds.

A.putdown

B.shutdown

√

C.settledown

D.breakdown【句意】那些患抑郁症的孩子似乎很少关心他人，关闭与他人的交流，且沉溺于他们自己的世界中。词组辨析题。putdown“镇压；记下；贬低；制止”；shutdown“停工；关闭”；settledown“定居；安定下来；专心于”；breakdown“分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉；制服”。由句中关键词“Thosedepressedkids那些患抑郁症的孩子”与“communication交流”的对应知“关闭”符合语境，故B项正确。4.Theschoolboardattachedgreatemphasisto________instudentsasenseofmodestyandasenseofcommunity.

A.diluting

B.inspecting

C.instilling

√

D.disillusioning【句意】教育委员会非常重视在学生身上逐渐灌输谦虚和团队意识。动词词义辨析题。dilute（其动名词形式为diluting）“稀释；冲淡；削弱”；inspect“检查；视察；检阅”；instill“徐徐滴入；逐渐灌输”；disillusion“使醒悟；使不再抱幻想”。由句中关键词“schoolboard教育委员会”与“asenseofmodestyandasenseofcommunity谦虚和团队意识”的对应知“逐渐灌输”符合语境，故C项正确。5.Ourbrainisverygoodatfilteringoutsensoryinformationthatisnot________towhatweneedtobeattendingto.

A.pertinent

√

B.permanent

C.precedent

D.prominent【句意】我们的大脑非常擅长过滤掉与我们需要关注的信息不相关的感觉信息。形容词词义辨析题。pertinent“相关的；中肯的；切题的”；permanent“永久的；不变的”；precedent“在前的；在先的”；prominent“突出的；显著的；杰出的”。由句中关键词“filteringoutsensoryinformation过滤掉感觉信息”、“not不”与“whatweneedtobeattendingto我们需要关注的信息”的对应知“相关的”符合语境，故A项正确。6.Newstudieshavefoundarather________correlationbetweenthepresenceofsmallparticlesandbothobesityanddiabetes.

A.collaborating

B.comprehending

C.compromising

D.convincing

√【句意】新的研究在微小颗粒的存在、肥胖症和糖尿病之间发现了有说服力的关联。动词和形容词词义辨析题。collaborating为动词collaborate“合作；勾结，通敌”的动名词形式；comprehending为动词comprehend“理解；包含”的动名词形式；compromising“妥协的；让步的”；convincing“令人信服的；有说服力的”。由句中关键词“correlation关联”与“betweenthepresenceofsmallparticlesandbothobesityanddiabetes在微小颗粒的存在、肥胖症和糖尿病之间”的对应知“有说服力的”符合语境，故D项正确。7.Wemusttestour________aboutwhattoincludeintheemulationandatwhatlevelindetail.

A.intelligence

B.imitations

C.hypothesis

√

D.precautions【句意】我们必须测试我们关于在模拟中包括什么和具体在什么水平的假设。名词词义辨析题。intelligence“智力；情报工作；情报机关”；imitations“模仿；仿造；仿制品”；hypothesis“假设；假说”；precaution“预防；警惕；预防措施”。由句中关键词“test测试”与“whattoincludeintheemulationandatwhatlevelindetail在模拟中包括什么和具体在什么水平”的对应知“假设”符合语境，故C项正确。8.Wemust________theproblem________,whichiswhyourmapcombinesbothbrainstructureandfunctionmeasurementsatlargescaleandhighresolution.

A.set….back

B.take…over

√

C.pull….in

D.break…down【句意】我们一定要接受这个问题，这也是我们的示意图以大尺度和高分辨率将大脑结构和功能检查结合起来的原因。词组辨析题。setback“推迟；使……受挫折；把……往回拨”；takeover“接管；接受”；pullin“进站；停下”；breakdown“分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉；制服”。由句中关键词“theproblem这个问题”与“whichiswhyourmapcombinesbothbrainstructureandfunctionmeasurementsatlargescaleandhighresolution这也是我们的示意图以大尺度和高分辨率将大脑结构和功能检查结合起来的原因。”的对应知“接受”符合语境，故B项正确。9.Asthmapatientdoesn’tneedcontinuoustreatmentbecausehissymptomsare________ratherthanpersistent.

A.intermittent

√

B.precedent

C.dominant

D.prevalent【句意】哮喘病人不需要持续的治疗，因为其症状是间歇的，而不是持续的。形容词词义辨析题。intermittent“间歇的；断断续续的”；precedent“在前的；在先的”；dominant“显性的；占优势的；统治的”；prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”。由句中关键词“Asthmapatient哮喘病人”、symptoms“症状”与“ratherthanpersistent而不是持续的”的对应知“间歇的”符合语境，故A项正确。10.Itissimplyafantasticimaginationto________thatonecanmasteraforeignlanguage

overnight.

A.conceive

√

B.conceal

C.convert

D.conform【句意】设想一个人可能在一夜间掌握一门外语简直是一种异想天开的想象。动词词义辨析题。conceive“怀孕；构思；设想”；conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；convert“使转变；转换……；使……改变信仰”；conform“使遵守；使一致；使顺从”。由句中关键词“afantasticimagination一种异想天开的想象”的对应知“设想”符合语境，故A项正确。三、SectionB11.Thetrulycompetentphysicianistheonewhositsdown,sensesthe“mystery”ofanotherhumanbeings,andoffersthesimplegiftsofpersonalinterestandunderstanding.

A.imaginable

B.capable

√

C.sensible

D.humble【句意】真正有能力的医生能坐下来觉察到他人的“神秘”，且提供简单的关于个人兴趣和理解的礼物。形容词词义辨析题。competent“胜任的；有能力的”；imaginable“可能的；可想象的”；capable“有能力的；能胜任的”；sensible“明智的；通情达理的；合乎情理的”；humble“谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的”。由句中关键词“sitsdown,sensesthe“mystery”ofanotherhumanbeings坐下来觉察到他人的‘神秘’”可知“competent”在这里有“有能力的”的意思，故B项“有能力的”正确。12.Thephysicianoftenperceivedthattreatmentwasinitiatedbythepatient.

A.conserved

B.theorized

C.realized

√

D.persisted【句意】医生过去经常察觉到（疾病）治疗是由病人发起的。动词词义辨析题。perceive“察觉；理解；认为”；conserve“保存；将……做成蜜饯；使守恒”；theorize“建立理论或学说；推理”；realize“实现；认识到；了解；变卖”；persist“存留；坚持；持续”。由句中关键词“Thephysician医生”与“treatmentwasinitiatedbythepatient治疗是由病人发起的”的对应知“perceive”在这里有“察觉”的意思，故在意思上最符合的C项“认识到”正确。13.Largecommunitymealsmighthaveservedtolubricatesocialconnectionsandalleviatetensions.

A.facilitate

√

B.intimidate

C.terminate

D.mediate【句意】大型的社区聚餐可能有助于润滑社会关系，且缓解紧张局面。动词词义辨析题。lubricate“润滑；涂油；起润滑剂作用”；facilitate“促进；帮助；使容易”；intimidate“恐吓；威胁；胁迫”；terminate“使终止；使结束；解雇”；mediate“调解；调停”。由句中关键词“Largecommunitymeals大型的社区聚餐”、“socialconnections社会关系”与“alleviatetensions缓解紧张局面”的对应知“lubricate”在这里有“润滑”的意思，故在意思上最符合的A项“促进”正确。14.CatalaseactivityreducedglutathioneandVitaminElevelsweredecreasedexclusivelyinsubjectwithactivedisease.

A.definitely

B.truly

C.simply

D.solely

√【句意】过氧化氢酶活性降低了谷胱甘肽，且维生素E的水平仅仅在患有活动性疾病的实验对象中降低。副词词义辨析题。exclusively“仅仅；专有地；排外地”；definitely“清楚地；当然；明确地；肯定地”；truly“真实地；真诚地”；simply“简单地；朴素地”；solely“单独地；仅仅”。由句中关键词“insubjectwithactivedisease在患有活动性疾病的实验对象中”的对应知“exclusively”在这里有“仅仅”的意思，故D项“仅仅”正确。15.Ocularanomalieswerefrequentlyobservedinthiscohortofoffspringbornafterinvitrofertilization.

A.fetuses

B.descendants

√

C.seeds

D.orphans【句意】眼部异常经常在体外受精繁衍出的后代群体中被发现。名词词义辨析题。offspring“后代；子孙；产物”；fetus“胎儿”；descendant“后代；子孙”；seed“种子；精液”；orphan“孤儿”。由句中关键词“bornafterinvitrofertilization体外受精繁衍出”的对应知“offspring”在这里有“后代”的意思，故B项“后代”正确。16.Childhoodpovertyshouldberegardedasthesinglegreatestpublichealthmenacefacingourchildren

A.breach

B.grief

C.threat

√

D.abuse【句意】儿童贫困应被视为我们的儿童所面临的一个最大的公共健康威胁。名词词义辨析题。menace“威胁；恐吓”；breach“违背；违反；缺口”；grief“悲痛；忧伤；不幸”；threat“威胁；恐吓；凶兆”；abuse“滥用；虐待；弊端”。由句中关键词“Childhoodpoverty儿童贫困”与“facingourchildren我们的儿童所面临的”的对应知“menace”在这里有“威胁”的意思，故C项“威胁”正确。17.Adistantdreamwouldbetodeliberatelysetoffquakestoreleasetectonicstressinacontrolledway.

A.definitely

B.desperately

C.intentionally

√

D.identically【句意】为了以一个可控的方式释放地壳构造压力，一个遥远的梦想将是故意地引发地震。

副词词义辨析题。deliberately“故意地；谨慎地；慎重地”；definitely“清楚地；当然；明确地；肯定地”；desperately“拼命地；绝望地；极度地”；intentionally“故意地；有意地”；identically“同一地；相等地”。由句中关键词“Adistantdream一个遥远的梦想”与“toreleasetectonicstressinacontrolledway以一个可控的方式释放地壳构造压力”的对应知“deliberately”在这里有“故意地”的意思，故C项“故意地”正确。18.Bigchallengesstillawaitcompaniesconvertingcarbondioxidetopetrol.

A.applying

B.relating

C.relaying

D.transforming

√【句意】将二氧化碳转化成汽油的重大挑战仍然等待着企业。动词词义辨析题。convert“转化；使……改变信仰”；apply“申请；敷；应用”；relate（其动名词形式为relating）“叙述；使……有联系”；relay“转播；使接替；分程传递”；transform“变换；改变；转化”。由句中关键词“Bigchallenges重大挑战”与“carbondioxidetopetrol二氧化碳到汽油”的对应知“convert”在这里有“转化”的意思，故D项“转化”正确。19.Concernshaverecentlybeenvoicedthatthedrugselicitunexpectedcognitivesideeffects,suchasmemoryloss,fuzzythinkingandlearningdifficulties.

A.ensue

B.encounter

C.impede

D.induce

√【句意】最近有人担心这些药物会引起出人意料的认知方面的副作用，诸如失忆、思维模糊和学习困难等。动词词义辨析题。elicit“抽出；引出；引起”；ensue“跟着发生，接着发生；继起”；encounter“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”；impede“阻碍；妨碍；阻止”；induce“诱导；引起；引诱；感应”。由句中关键词“thedrugs这些药物”与“unexpectedcognitivesideeffects出人意料的认知方面的副作用”的对应知“elicit”在这里有“引起”的意思，故D项“引起”正确。20.Theapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareabundantandchoosingoneappropriateforthiscasecanberatherdifficult.

A.sufficient

B.plentiful

√

C.adequate

D.countable【句意】基因工程的应用是大量的，而选择一个适合这种情况的应用却可能非常困难。形容词词义辨析题。abundant“丰富的；充裕的；大量的”；sufficient“足够的；充分的”；plentiful“丰富的；大量的”；adequate“充足的；适当的；胜任的”；countable“可计算的；能算的”。由句中关键词“Theapplicationsofgeneticengineering基因工程的应用”的对应知“abundant”在这里有“大量的”的意思，故B项“大量的”正确。四、PartⅡClozeThesamebenefitsanddrawbacksarefoundwhenusingCTscanningtodetectlungcancer—thethree-dimensionalimagingimprovesdetectionofdiseasebutcreateshundredsofimagesthatincreasearadiologist’sworkload,which,【A1】,canresultinmissedpositivescans.ResearchersatUniversityofChicagoPritizkerSchoolofMedicinepresented【A2】dataonaCAD（computer-aideddiagnosis）programthey’vedesignedthathelpsradiologistspotlungcancer【A3】CTscanning.Theirstudywas【A4】bytheNIHandtheuniversity.Inthestudy,CADwasappliedto32low-doseCTscanningwithatotalof50lungnodules,38ofwhichwerebiopsy-confirmedlungcancerthatwerenotfoundduringinitialclinicalexam.【A5】the38missedcancers,15weretheresultofinterpretationerror（identifyinganimagebut【A6】itasnoncancerous）and23【A7】observationalerror（notidentifyingthecancerousimage）.CADfound32ofthe38previouslymissedcancers（84%sensitivity）,withfalse-positive【A8】of1.6persection.AlthoughCADimproveddetectionoflungcancer,itwon’treplaceradiologists,saidSgmuelG.ArmatoPhD,leadauthorofthestudy.“Thecomputerisnotperfect”,Armatosaid,“itwillmisssomecancersandcallsomethingscancerthat【A9】.Theradiologistscanidentifynormalanatomythatthecomputermay【A10】somethingsuspicious.It’ssortofaspell-checker,orasecondopinion.”（1）.【A1】

A.incommon

B.inturn

√

C.inone

D.inall逻辑关系。incommon“共同的；共有的”；inturn“反过来；转而；依次”；inone“成为一体；只试一次”；inall“总共，合计”。由空格前“thethree-dimensionalimagingimprovesdetectionofdiseasebutcreateshundredsofimagesthatincreasearadiologist’sworkload…CT扫描这种三维成像虽然改善了对疾病的检测，但是却生成了数以百计的图像而增加了放射科医生的工作负荷……”与空格后“canresultinmissedpositivescans可能导致未能发现呈阳性的CT扫描图像”的对应知“反过来”符合语境，故B项正确。（2）.【A2】

A.preliminary

√

B.considerate

C.deliberate

D.ordinary词义辨析。preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”；considerate“体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的”；deliberate“故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的”；ordinary“普通的；平凡的；平常的”。由空格后“data数据”与“helpsradiologistspotlungcancer帮助放射科医生发现肺癌”的对应知“初步的”符合语境，故A项正确。（3）.【A3】

A.beingused

B.touse

C.using

√

D.use语法题。由空格前“radiologist放射科医生”与“CTscanning（CT扫描）”之间的关系为“使用和被使用的”以及这里空格处与“CTscanning”在句子结构上充当后置定语来修饰“radiologist”知这里应该用动名词词形式，再用这里应该用主动语态知C项“using”正确。（4）.【A4】

A.investigated

B.originated

C.founded

D.funded

√词义辨析。investigate“调查；研究”；originate“引起；创作”；found“创立，建立；创办”；fund“投资；资助”。由空格前“theirstudy他们的研究”与空格后“bytheNIHandtheuniversity由国家卫生研究所和这所大学”的对应知“资助”符合语境，故D项正确。（5）.【A5】

A.From

B.Amid

C.Of

D.In

√词义辨析。from“来自；由于；今后”；amid“在其中；在其间”；of“关于；属于；……的”；in“按照（表示方式）；从事于；在……里面”。由空格后“the38missedcancers未发现的38个癌症病例中”的对应知“在……里面”符合语境，故D项正确。（6）.【A6】

A.disseminating

B.degenerating

C.dismissing

√

D.deceiving词义辨析。disseminate（其动名词为disseminating）“宣传；传播；散布”；degenerate（其动名词为degenerating）“使退化；恶化”；dismiss“解散；解雇；开除；让……离开；不予考虑”；deceive（其动名词为deceiving）“欺骗；行骗”。由空格前“identifyinganimagebut识别了一个图像，不过”与空格后“asnoncancerous当成不是癌症的”的对应知“不予考虑”符合语境，故C项正确。（7）.【A7】

A.weremistakenfor

B.wereattributedto

√

C.resultedin

D.gavewayto逻辑关系。由空格前“15weretheresultofinterpretationerror（15个未发现的癌症是诠释错误导致的”与空格后“observationalerror观察误差”的对应知B项“归因于”正确。weremistakenfor“被误认为是……”；resultin“导致，结果是”；give（其动词过去式为gave）wayto“给……让路；为……所替代；听凭决定”。（8）.【A8】

A.mortalities

B.incidences

C.images

D.rates

√词义辨析。mortality（其复数为mortalities）“死亡数；死亡率；必死性”；incidence“发生率；影响”；image“影像；想象；肖像”；rate“比率；速度；等级”。由空格前“false-positive假阳性的”与空格后“of1.6persection每个切片1.6的”的对应知“比率”符合语境，故D项正确。（9）.【A9】

A.don’t

B.won’t

C.aren’t

√

D.wasn’t逻辑关系。由空格前“Thecomputerisnotperfect电脑不是完美的”与空格后“itwillmisssomecancersandcallsomethingscancerthat…它（即电脑）将会漏掉一些癌症，且称一些……东西为癌症”的对应知这里应该用复数形式，故可直接排除单数形式的D项“wasn’t”；再由这里属于一般现在时态和这里空格后省略了“cancers”知C项“aren’t”正确。（10）.【A10】

A.standfor

B.searchfor

C.accountfor

D.mistakefor

√词义辨析。standfor“代表；支持；象征”；searchfor“寻找；搜索”；accountfor“对……负有责任；对……做出解释；导致；（比例）占”；mistakefor“把……错认为”。由空格前“Theradiologistscanidentifynormalanatomy放射科医生可以识别正常的剖析”与空格后“thatthecomputermay…somethingsuspicious电脑可能把（正常剖析）……一些可疑的东西”的对应知“把……错认为”符合语境，故D项正确。五、PartⅢReadingComprehensionPassageOneWhenTonyWagner,theHarvardeducationspecialist,describeshisjobtoday,hesayshe’s“atranslatorbetweentwohostiletribes”—theeducationworldandthebusinessworld,thepeoplewhoteachourkidsandthepeoplewhogivethemjobs.Wagner’sargumentinhisbookCreatingInnovators:TheMakingofYoungPeopleWhoWillChangetheWorldisthatourK-12andcollegetracksarenotconsistently“addingthevalueandteachingtheskillsthatmattermostinthemarketplace”.Thisisdangerousatatimewhenthereisincreasinglynosuchthingsasahigh-wage,middle-skilledjob—thethingthatsustainedthemiddleclassinthelastgeneration.Now,thereisonlyahigh-wage,high-skilledjob.Everymiddle-classjobtodayisbeingpulledup,outordownfasterthanever.Thatis,iteitherrequiresmoreskillorcanbedonebymorepeoplearoundtheworldorisbeingburied—madeobsolete—fasterthanever.Whichiswhythegoalofeducationtoday,arguesWagner,shouldnotbetomakeeverychild“collegeready”but“innovationready”—readytoaddvaluetowhatevertheydo.Thatisatalltask.ItrackedWagnerdownandaskedhimtoelaborate.“Today,”hesaidviae-mail,“becauseknowledgeisavailableoneveryInternet-connecteddevice,whatyouknowmattersfarlessthanwhatyoucandowithwhatyouknow.Thecapacitytoinnovate—theabilitytosolveproblemscreativelyorbringnewpossibilitiestolife—andskillslikecriticalthinking,communicationandcollaborationarefarmoreimportantthanacademicknowledge.Asoneexecutivetoldme,“Wecanteachnewhiresthecontent.Andwewillhavetobecauseitcontinuestochange,butwecan’tteachthemhowtothink—toasktherightquestions—andtotakeinitiative.”Mygenerationhaditeasy.Wegotto“find”ajob.But,morethanever,ourkidswillhaveto“invent”ajob.Sure,theluckyoneswillfindtheirfirstjob,but,giventhepaceofchangetoday,eventheywillhavetoreinvent,re-engineerandreimaginethatjobmuchoftenthantheirparentsiftheywanttoadvanceinit.“Finlandisoneofthemostinnovativeeconomiesintheworld,”Wagnersaid,“anditistheonlycountrywherestudentsleavehighschool“innovation-ready”.Theylearnconceptsandcreativitymorethanfacts,andhaveachoiceofmanyelectives—allwithashorterschoolday,littlehomework,andalmostnotesting.Thereareagrowingnumberof“reinvented”collegesliketheOlinCollegeofEngineering,theM.I.T.MediaLabandthe‘D-school’Stanfordwherestudentslearntoinnovate.”（1）.Inhisbook,Wagnerarguesthat________.

A.theeducationworldishostiletoourkids

B.thebusinessworldishostiletothoseseekingjobs

C.thebusinessworldistoodemandingontheeducationworld

D.theeducationworldshouldteachwhatthemarketplacedemands

√推理判断题。由第一段中“Wagner’sargumentinhisbookCreatingInnovators:TheMakingofYoungPeopleWhoWillChangetheWorldisthatourK-12andcollegetracksarenotconsistently“addingthevalueandteachingtheskillsthatmattermostinthemarketplace”.托尼•瓦格纳在自己的著作《创造革新者：塑造会改变世界的年轻人》中的论点是我们的K-12（从幼儿园到12年级的儿童教育）和大学教育轨道并非始终如一地‘增加价值并教授就业市场上最重要的技能’。”的对应可推知D项“教育界应该教授（劳动力）市场需求的内容”正确。A项“教育界对我们孩子怀有敌意”；B项“教育界对那些找工作的人怀有敌意”；C项“商界对教育界要求高”。（2）.Whatdoesthe“talltask”refertointhethirdparagraph?

A.Sustainingthemiddleclass.

B.Savinghigh-wage,middle-skilledjobs.

C.Shiftingfrom“collegeready”to“innovationready”.

√

D.Preventingmiddle-classjobsfrombecomingobsoletefast.推理判断题。由第二段中“Whichiswhythegoalofeducationtoday,arguesWagner,shouldnotbetomakeeverychild“collegeready”but“innovationready”—readytoaddvaluetowhatevertheydo.瓦格纳认为，这是今天教育目标的原因，即不应该让所有小孩为‘上大学做好准备’，而应该为‘进行创新做好准备’，也就是‘准备去为他们所做的任何事增加价值’。”的对应可推知C项“从‘为上大学做好准备’转移到‘为进行创新做好准备’”正确。A项“保持中产阶级”；B项“挽救高收入的中等技能工作”；D项“阻止中产阶级工作迅速地变得过时”。（3）.WhatismainlyexpressedinWagner’se-mail?

A.Newhiresshouldbetaughtthecontentratherthanthewaysofthinking.

B.KnowledgeismorereadilyavailableonInternet-connecteddevices.

C.Academicknowledgeisstillthemostimportanttoteach.

D.Creativityandskillsmattermorethanknowledg正确答案:E推理判断题。由第三段中“Thecapacitytoinnovate—theabilitytosolveproblemscreativelyorbringnewpossibilitiestolife—andskillslikecriticalthinking,communicationandcollaborationarefarmoreimportantthanacademicknowledge.创新能力，即创新地解决问题或为生活带来新的可能性的能力以及像批判性思考、交流和合作一样的技能比学业知识更重要。”的对应可推知D项“创造力和技能比知识更重要”正确。A项“新雇佣者应该被教授内容而不是思考的方式”；B项“知识在与网络连接的设备上更容易获取”；C项“学业知识仍然是最重要的教授内容”。（4）.Whatisimpliedinthefourthparagraph?

A.Jobsfavortheluckyonesineverygeneration.

B.Jobschangedslowlyintheauthor’sgeneration.

C.Theauthor’sgenerationledaneasierlifethantheirkids.

√

D.Itwaseasyfortheauthor’sgenerationtofindtheirfirstjobs.推理判断题。由第四段中“Mygenerationhaditeasy.Wegotto“find”ajob.But,morethanever,ourkidswillhaveto“invent”ajob.我们这代人生活很舒适。我们必须‘找到’一份工作。但是超出任何时候的是我们的孩子将不得不‘创造’一份工作。”的对应可推知C项“作者这代人相比自己的孩子过着更舒适的生活”正确。A项“工作青睐每代人中的幸运儿”；B项“在作者的这一代工作缓慢地改变着”；D项“作者这一代人找到自己的首份工作是容易的”。（5）.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toorientfutureeducation.

B.Toexemplifythenecessaryshiftineducation.

√

C.Todrawaconclusionabouttheshiftineducation.

D.Tocriticizesomecollegesfortheirpracticesineducation.推理判断题。由最后一段主要针对教育目标有必要的改变进行举例（如““Finlandisoneofthemostinnovativeeconomiesintheworld,”Wagnersaid,“anditistheonlycountrywherestudentsleavehighschool“innovation-ready”.瓦格纳声称‘芬兰是全球最具创新的经济之一，该国也是唯一个让学生高中毕业时就为‘创新做好准备’的国家’。”）可推知B项“例证教育方面有必要的改变”正确。A项“为未来的教育确定方向”；C项“得出有关教育改变的结论”；D项“批评一些学院在教育方面的做法”。【长难句剖析】

1.Wagner’sargumentinhisbookCreatingInnovators:TheMakingofYoungPeopleWhoWillChangetheWorldisthatourK-12andcollegetracksarenotconsistently“addingthevalueandteachingtheskillsthatmattermostinthemarketplace”.

【参考译文】托尼•瓦格纳在自己的著作《创造革新者：塑造会改变世界的年轻人》中的论点是我们的K-12（从幼儿园到12年级的儿童教育）和大学教育轨道并非始终如一地“增加价值并教授就业市场上最重要的技能”。

【结构分析】句子主干为“Wagner’sargumentisthatourK-12andcollegetracksarenotconsistently“addingthevalueandteachingtheskills”，这里that引导表语从句；“inhisbookCreatingInnovators:TheMakingofYoungPeopleWhoWillChangetheWorld”为地点状语；“thatmattermostinthemarketplace”为that引导的从句充当“theskills”的后置定语。2.Thisisdangerousatatimewhenthereisincreasinglynosuchthingsasahigh-wage,middle-skilledjob—thethingthatsustainedthemiddleclassinthelastgeneration.

【参考译文】当诸如高收入的中等技能工作等（即维持上一代中产阶级的东西）日益减少时，这种教育是非常危险的。

【结构分析】句子主干为“Thisisdangerous”；“atatimewhenthereisincreasinglynosuchthingsasahigh-wage,middle-skilledjob”为时间状语；“thething”指代前面的“ahigh-wage,middle-skilledjob”；“thatsustainedthemiddleclassinthelastgeneration”为that引导的从句充当“thething”的后置定语。3.Thecapacitytoinnovate—theabilitytosolveproblemscreativelyorbringnewpossibilitiestolife—andskillslikecriticalthinking,communicationandcollaborationarefarmoreimportantthanacademicknowledge.

【参考译文】创新能力，即创新地解决问题或为生活带来新的可能性的能力以及像批判性思考、交流和合作一样的技能比学业知识更重要。

【结构分析】句子主干为“Thecapacitytoinnovateandskillsarefarmoreimportantthanacademicknowledge”；“theabilitytosolveproblemscreativelyorbringnewpossibilitiestolife”为插入语来对“Thecapacitytoinnovate”进行补充说明；“likecriticalthinking,communicationandcollaboration”相当于“skills”的后置定语。PassageTwoSkilledclinicalhistory-takingandphysicalexaminationremainessentialasthebasisofthediseasediagnosisandmanagement,aidedbyinvestigationssuchasradiologicalorbiochemicaltests.Technologicaladvancesoverthepastfewdecadesmeanthatsuchinvestigationsnowcanberefined,orevenreplacedinsomecases,bythemeasurementofgeneticorgenomicbiomarkers.Themolecularcharacteristicsofadisorderorthegeneticmake-upofanindividualcanfinetuneadiagnosisandinformitsmanagement.Thesenewcapabilities,oftentermed“stratified,”or“personalized”medicine,arelikelytohaveprofoundeffectonthepracticeofmedicineandservicedelivery.Geneticmedicine,whichusesgeneticorgenomicbiomarkersinthisway,has,untilrecently,beentheprovinceofasmallminorityofspecializedphysicianswhohaveusedittodiagnoseorassessriskofinheriteddisease.Recognitionthatmostdiseasehasagenetic

component,thedevelopmentandapplicationofnewgeneticteststoidentifyimportantdiseasesubsetsandtheavailabilityofcost-effectiveinterventionsmeanthatgeneticmedicinemustbeintegratedmorewidelyacrosshealthcareservices.Inordertooptimizebenefitequitablyacrossthepopulation,physiciansandservicesneedtobereadytochangeandadapttonewwaysofworking.Perhapsthegreatestchallengeistoensurethereadinessofphysicianstousethesegenomictechnologiesformaximumeffect,sothatgeneticmedicineisincorporatedintomainstreamspecialties.Forsomeclinicians,particularlythoseinvolvedinclinicalresearch,theseadvancesarealreadyareality.However,asizablemajoritydonotyetrecognizetherelevanceofgeneticsfortheirclinicalpractice,perceivinggeneticconditionstoberareanduntreatable.Maximizinggenomicopportunitiesalsomeansbeingawareoftheirlimitations,mediaportrayalsthatindicatethatgeneticinformationgivesclear-cutanswersareoftenunrealistic.Indeed,knowingone’sentiregenomicsequenceisnotthecrystalballofourfuturethatmanyhopeittobe,andphysicianswillneedtobemorefamiliarwithwhatishype（鼓吹）andwhatisrealityfortheintegrationofgeneticsintomainstreammedicinetobesuccessful.

Finally,bothprofessionalandthepublicshouldhavearealisticviewofwhatispossible.Althoughthediscoveryofgeneticriskfactorsincommondiseasessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhasledtoimportantinsightsaboutdiseasemechanisms,thepredictivepowerofindividualgeneticvariantsisoftenverylow.Developmentsinbioinformaticswillneedtoevolveconsiderablybeforetheidentificationofaparticularcombinationofgeneticvariantsinanindividualwillhaveclinicalutilityforthem.（1）.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Personalizedmedicinewillgreatlychangethepracticeofmedicin正确答案:E

B.Geneticbiomarkershavebeenlargelyrefinedoverthepast.

C.Physicalexaminationremainsessentialinfinetuningadiagnosis.

D.Clinicalhistory-takingisnolongerimportantinthegeneticera.【文章大意】

在诸如放射或生化检验等的辅助下，作为疾病诊断和管理基础的熟练记录临床病史和身体检查仍然至关重要。过去几十年的技术进步意味着这样的检验现在可以通过测量基因或基因组生物标记被完善或甚至在一些情况下被取代。（源于基因技术的）这些新的技术能力（经常被称为‘分层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深刻的影响。细节事实题。由第一段中“Thesenewcapabilities,oftentermed“stratified,”or“personalized”medicine,arelikelytohaveprofoundeffectonthepracticeofmedicineandservicedelivery.（源于基因技术的）这些新的技术能力（经常被称为‘分层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深刻的影响。”的对应可知A项“个性化医疗将大幅改变行医”正确。B项“基因组生物标记在过去已被大幅改善”；C项“身体检查在微调诊断方面仍然重要”；D项“记录临床病史在基因时代不再重要”。（2）.What,accordingtothesecondparagraph,canbesaidofgeneticmedicine?

A.Itcanoffersolutionstoallinheriteddiseases.

B.Ithasbeenwidelyrecognizedamongthephysicians.

C.Itnecessitatesadaptationofthehealthcarecommunity.

√

D.Itismonopolizedbyasmallminorityofspecializedphysicians.推理判断题。由第二段中“Inordertooptimizebenefitequitablyacrossthepopulation,physiciansandservicesneedtobereadytochangeandadapttonewwaysofworking.为了在人群中公平地优化（基因医疗的）好处，医生和医疗服务需要做好准备去改变和适应新工作方式。”的对应可推知C项“它（即基因医疗）使医疗社区适应性的改变成为必要”正确。A项“它可以为所有遗传疾病提供解决方案”；B项“它在医生中得到广泛认可”；D项“它被一小部分专科医生垄断”。（3）.Thefutureofthegenomictechnologies,forthemostpart,liesin________.

A.thegreaterpotentialoftreatingrarediseases

B.thegreatereffortsintherelevantclinicalresearch

C.thegreaterpreparednessofthephysicianstoemploythem

√

D.thegreaterpublicityoftheirbenefitsinthemediaportrayals细节事实题。由第三段中“Perhapsthegreatestchallengeistoensurethereadinessofphysicianstousethesegenomictechnologiesformaximumeffect,sothatgeneticmedicineisincorporatedintomainstreamspecialties.或许，最大的挑战是确保医生愿意为了更好的效果而使用这些基因技术，以便基因医疗成为主流医学专业的一部分。”的对应可知C项“医生做更好的准备去使用它们（基因医疗）”正确。A项“治疗罕见病的更大潜力”；B项“相关临床研究方面更大的努力”；D项“在媒体描述中对它们的好处进行更大的宣传”。（4）.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorcautionsagainst________.

A.underestimationoftheimportanceofthegeneticriskfactors

B.unrealisticexpectationofthegeneticpredicativepower

√

C.abuseofgeneticmedicineintreatingcommondiseases

D.unexpectedevolutionofthebioinformatics推理判断题。由最后一段中“Althoughthediscoveryofgeneticriskfactorsincommondiseasessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhasledtoimportantinsightsaboutdiseasemechanisms,thepredictivepowerofindividualgeneticvariantsisoftenverylow.尽管遗传（即基因）危险因素在诸如心脏病和癌症等常见病中的发现带来了有关发病机理的重要见解，但是个人遗传变异的预测能力却经常很低。”的对应可推知B项“对遗传（即基因）预测能力的不现实期望”正确。A项“低估遗传（即基因）危险因素的重要性”；C项“在治疗常见病时滥用基因药物”；D项“生物信息学意想不到的发展”。（5）.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?

A.Geneticmedicineshouldbethemainstreamoptionforphysicians.

B.Geneticmedicineposesgreatchallengestomedicalpractice.

C.Geneticmedicinewillexertgreatinfluenceonmedicin正确答案:E

D.Geneticmedicineisdefinedas“stratified”medicine.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“Thesenewcapabilities,oftentermed“stratified,”or“personalized”medicine,arelikelytohaveprofoundeffectonthepracticeofmedicineandservicedelivery.（源于基因技术的）这些新能力（经常被称为‘分层’或‘个性化’医疗）有可能对行医和医疗服务产生深刻的影响。”提出文章中心内容“基因医疗将对医学产生重大影响”和后续段落围绕这一内容进行可推知C项“基因医疗将对医学产生重大影响”正确。A项“基因医疗应该是医生们的主流选择”；B项“基因医疗对行医构成巨大挑战”；D项“基因医疗被定义为‘分层’医疗”。【长难句剖析】

1.Skilledclinicalhistory-takingandphysicalexaminationremainessentialasthebasisofthediseasediagnosisandmanagement,aidedbyinvestigationssuchasradiologicalorbiochemicaltests.

【参考译文】在诸如放射或生化检验等的辅助下，作为疾病诊断和管理基础的熟练记录临床病史和身体检查仍然至关重要。

【结构分析】句子主干为“Skilledclinicalhistory-takingandphysicalexaminationremainessential”；“asthebasisofthediseasediagnosisandmanagement”为方式状语；“aidedbyinvestigationssuchasradiologicalorbiochemicaltests”为分词短语充当“Skilledclinicalhistory-takingandphysicalexamination”的后置定语。2.Thesenewcapabilities,oftentermed“stratified,”or“personalized”medicine,arelikelytohavep