湖北省楚天协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题 含解析

2025-2026学年度高三上学期期中考试高三英语试题考试时间:2025年11月12日上午8:00-10:00试卷满分:150分注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并认真核准准考证号条形码上的以上信息，将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑;非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答;字体工整，笔迹清楚。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereisthewoman’spen?A.Onatable.B.Inabag.C.Byaphone.2.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:30.B.At5:45.C.At6:15.3.Whatistheman’ssuggestion?A.Gettingoffwork.B.Comingtotheofficeearly.C.Explainingtotheboss.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Applyingforacollege.B.Havingaprivatetutor.C.Attendingonlinecourses.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?AHecan’thelpthewoman.B.Heisgreatatwallpapering.C.Heisbusywithcomputerwork.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdidthemanbookthetickets?A.Inperson.B.Throughthephone.C.OntheInternet.7.Whatdidthewomanworryabout?A.It’sdifficulttogetthetickets.B.Itwillbecrowdedattheconcert.C.Itwillcostalottobuythetickets.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atalibrary.B.Atabookstore.C.Atagovernmentoffice.9.Onwhichfloorarethebiographies?A.Thefirst.B.Thesecond.C.Thethird.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatmistakedidTinamake?A.Shesentawrongkindofdesk.B.Shedidn’tsendthedesksintime.C.Shedidn’tsendtheotherkindofdesk.11.WhatdidHDCaskthespeakerstodo?A.Givetheirmoneyback.B.Replaceallthedesks.C.Apologizetothem.12.WhatwillTinadotosolvetheproblem?A.Givethecustomeracall.B.Visitthecustomerquickly.C.SendtherightdeskstoHDC.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatmightthemanbe?A.Aprofessor.B.Astudent.C.Anadvisor.14.Whatistheproblemofthewoman’sanswers?A.Theylackfacts.B.Theyaredisorganized.C.Theyareoffthetopic.15.Whatisthewoman’susualexam-takingstrategy?A.Shefocusesonprovidingdetailedresponses.B.Sheprioritizeswritinganswersdownquickly.C.Shereviewsandrevisesheranswersthoroughly.16.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.Talktoherhistoryteacher.B.Researchonsometopics.C.Writeanoutlineinexams.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhyweretheMcDonaldbrothershighlyrecognized?A.Theywerethepioneersoffastfood.B.Theystartedthefirsthamburgerrestaurant.C.Theygreatlydevelopedthehamburgerbusiness.18.WhatconceptofspecializationdidtheMcDonaldbrothersintroduce?A.Staffweretrainedtomastermanyskills.B.Staffinthekitcheneachhadtheirownjob.C.Fewerstaffmemberswereusedinthekitchen.19.WhydidtheMcDonaldbrothersputupasignoutsidetheirrestaurant?A.Toshowtheirsalessuccess.B.Topresentthefoodtheyoffer.C.Tomaketheirrestaurantnoticeable.20.WhathappenedtotheMcDonaldbrothersin1961?A.Theyquitthebusiness.B.Theyexpandedtheirmarket.CTheychangedthebrand.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFamilyAdventuresacrossCanadaCanada’svastlandoffersfamiliesanincomparableplaygroundwhereancienthistorymeetsmodernadventure,wildernessmeetscivilization,andeveryprovinceholdsuniquetreasureswaitingtobediscovered.Fromcoasttocoast,thisremarkablecountryprovidesexperiencesthatstirupchildren’simaginationswhilecreatinglastingmemoriesfortheentirefamily.Culturalimmersion:QuebecCity’slivinghistoryWhat:EngageinlivinghistoryWhere:OldQuebec(Vieux-Québec),QuebecCitySeason:Year-roundQuebecCityattractsvisitorswiththepicturesquecenturies-oldbuildingsofOldQuebec,aUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.“QuébecCityisalivingpoem,”saidVéroniqueBoulanger,communicationsandpublicrelationsadvisoratDestinationQuebeccity.Tip:WintervisitsareparticularlymagicalwhenthecitycelebratesCarnavaldeQuebecandconstructsagianticehotelwhereguestscanspendthenight.NorthernLightsmagic:YukonTerritoriesauroraadventuresWhat:Witnesstheauroraborealis(北极光)dancingacrossarcticskiesWhere:Whitehorseandsurroundingareas,YukonTerritoriesSeason:SeptemberthroughMarchTheYukonoffersfamiliesoneofnature’smostspectaculardisplays:thenorthernlights.Professionalauroraviewingtoursprovideeducationaboutthisnaturalphenomenonwhilemaximizingviewingopportunitiesinthedarkskies.Tip:Bookauroraviewingtoursthatincludeheatedviewingcabinsorindoorwarmingdevices,aswintertemperaturescandrop30°belowzeroCelsius.Coastalgiants:WhalewatchinginNovaScotiaWhat:SpotwhalesfromboatorshoreWhere:HalifaxHarbourandBayofFundy,NovaScotiaSeason:JunethroughOctoberNovaScotia’spositioncreatesidealconditionsforencounteringmarinewildlife.Theprovince’swatershostmultiplewhalespecies,whichmakessightingsalmostguaranteedduringthesummermonths.Tip:BookawhalewatchingtourdepartingfromHalifaxintheafternoonwhenseaconditionsaretypicallycalmer.1.WhichofthefollowingfamilieswouldgotoYukonTerritories?A.TheBob’s,withaboywholikeshistory.B.TheRoy’s,withtwinswhoareinterestedinbiology.C.TheSylvia’s,withherhusbandwhoiskeenonastronomy.D.TheJane’s,withadaughterwhoiscuriousabouttechnology.2.WhatshouldafamilydoiftheyplantogotoNovaScotiaforwhalewatching?A.Takewarmclothes. B.Reserveaviewingtour.C.Hirealocaltourguide. D.Rentasightseeingboat.3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthispassage?A./travel. B./history.C./story. D./sports.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加拿大家庭奇遇之旅的几个目的地和相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据NorthernLightsmagic:YukonTerritoriesauroraadventures部分“TheYukonoffersfamiliesoneofnature’smostspectaculardisplays:thenorthernlights.Professionalauroraviewingtoursprovideeducationaboutthisnaturalphenomenonwhilemaximizingviewingopportunitiesinthedarkskies.(育空地区为家庭游客提供了大自然中最壮观的景象之一——北极光。专业的极光观赏之旅不仅能向游客介绍这一自然现象，还能在漆黑的夜空中最大限度地增加观赏机会)”可知，家庭成员可在YukonTerritory观赏北极光，而Sylvia家中，其丈夫热衷于天文学，符合文章信息。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Coastalgiants:WhalewatchinginNovaScotia部分“BookawhalewatchingtourdepartingfromHalifaxintheafternoonwhenseaconditionsaretypicallycalmer.(预订一次从哈利法克斯出发的观鲸之旅，时间选在下午较为平静的海况时段)”可知，前往NovaScotia观赏鲸鱼需要B项“预订观赏旅途”。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Fromcoasttocoast,thisremarkablecountryprovidesexperiencesthatstirupchildren’simaginationswhilecreatinglastingmemoriesfortheentirefamily.(从东海岸到西海岸，这个非凡的国度能够提供激发孩子们想象力的体验，同时也能让整个家庭留下永恒的回忆)”以及文章主要介绍了加拿大家庭奇遇之旅的几个目的地和相关信息。可知，文章可能节选自网站的旅游板块。故选A。BMytenth-gradechemistryteachercouldtellthatIwasn’tthenextMendeleev.Earlyintheyear,hegaveustoughexams,warningthatstudentswhostruggledshouldreconsiderstayingintheadvanced-levelclass.I’dneverexcelledinscience,soIdeterminedthatifIcouldnotgetanAonthenextassignment,Iwoulddropdownalevel.Beforereturningtheassignment,heaskedifanyonewastakingthenewChineseclass.Iraisedmyhandhesitantly.IgotanAontheassignment,andmychemistryteacherhadwrittenwhatlookedliketwoChinesecharactersonthelabelofthefolder.WhenIaskedhimwhattheymeant,heexplainedtheyformedtheChinesecharactersfor“chemistry”.Heusedtotellus,withatwinkleinhiseye,thatchemistrywasthemostimportantsubject,followedbymath,withthehumanities(suchashistory,literature,andphilosophy)cominglast.However,hesometimesbroughtChinesetrinkets(小件饰物)andshowedusvideosaboutChineseculture.Itseemedthatinpractice,hedidn’tfollowhisownrankingsystem.Myfather,anengineer,viewedmathandsciencesassuperiortothehumanities,whichmademedecidetoprovethatthehumanitieswerebetter.Mychemistryteacher,thoughpayinglipservicetothesameideasasmyfather,freelymixedculturalstudies,literaturerecommendations,andfamilytipsintoourclasses.HealsoinvitedteachersfromChinatotelluswhatschoolswerelikethere.Theseexperiencesdidn’tdistractmefromchemistry,butratherenhancedit,helpingmeunderstandhowitworkedandwhyitmattered.ItturnedoutthatIwasindeednoMendeleev.Ididn’tmajorinchemistry,butIgotaPhDinChineseliterature.Now,Imaynotbeteachingchemistry,butthecuriosity,openness,andcross-disciplinarythinkingmychemistryteacherinstilledinmeareattheheartofwhatIdo.4.Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theauthorwasnotgiftedinchemistry. B.Theauthorwantedtobethetopstudent.C.Theauthordidn’tenjoytraditionalclasses. D.Theauthordidn’tgetalongwiththeteacher.5.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthechemistryteacher?A.Hedislikedchemistryinreality. B.Hewasindifferenttothehumanities.C.Hevaluedthehumanitiesmorethanheadmitted. D.HefoundChinesemoreengagingthanchemistry.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“payinglipservice”inparagraph4mean?A.Voicingstrongcriticism. B.Pretendingtooffersupport.C.Rejectinginadirectmanner. D.Expressingsincereagreement.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFinalDecision:DroppingAdvancedChemistryB.AFather’sInfluence:ShapingaCareerinLiteratureC.TheUnexpectedPath:FromChemistrytoChineseLiteratureD.ALastingLesson:HowMyChemistryTeacherShapedMyWorld【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者高中化学老师对其产生的深远影响。化学老师跨学科的教学方式不仅激发了作者对化学的兴趣，更培养了他的好奇心、开放思维和跨学科视野，最终引导作者走上中国文学研究的道路，并终身受益。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Mytenth-gradechemistryteachercouldtellthatIwasn’tthenextMendeleev.(我上高二那年的化学老师就能看出，我绝不可能成为下一个门捷列夫那样的杰出人物)”可知，作者在化学方面缺乏天赋。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Heusedtotellus,withatwinkleinhiseye,thatchemistrywasthemostimportantsubject,followedbymath,withthehumanities(suchashistory,literature,andphilosophy)cominglast.However,hesometimesbroughtChinesetrinkets(小件饰物)andshowedusvideosaboutChineseculture.Itseemedthatinpractice,hedidn’tfollowhisownrankingsystem.(他过去常常笑着告诉我们，化学是最重要的学科，其次是数学，而人文科学（如历史、文学和哲学）则排在最后。然而，他有时会带来一些中国的小饰品，并给我们播放有关中国文化的视频。看起来实际上他并没有遵循自己设定的排名顺序)”可知，这种言行不一表明他实际对人文学科的重视远超其口头承认。故选C。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Myfather,anengineer,viewedmathandsciencesassuperiortothehumanities,whichmademedecidetoprovethatthehumanitieswerebetter.(我的父亲是一名工程师，他认为数学和自然科学比人文科学更优越，这促使我决心证明人文科学其实更出色)”以及划线词后文“freelymixedculturalstudies,literaturerecommendations,andfamilytipsintoourclasses(将文化研究、文学推荐以及家庭建议等元素自由地融入课程之中)”可知，老师只是口头敷衍赞同，行动上却完全相反。故B项“Pretendingtooffersupport”(假装提供支持)符合“口头宣称支持但无实际行动”的语境。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。全文主旨在于强调化学老师对作者产生的深远持久的影响。末段明确点出“Now,Imaynotbeteachingchemistry,butthecuriosity,openness,andcross-disciplinarythinkingmychemistryteacherinstilledinmeareattheheartofwhatIdo.(如今，我或许并非教授化学课程，但我的化学老师所培养给我的好奇心、开放态度以及跨学科的思维方式，正是我所从事工作的核心所在)”可知，D项“持久的一课：我的化学老师如何塑造我的世界”最符合文章标题。故选D。CKelpforestsarediverseunderwaterecosystemsstretchingalongcoastlinesworldwide.Theyprovidehomesformarinewildlife,rankamongEarth’smostproductivehabitats,capturecarbonefficiently,andprotectcoastsfromerosion(侵蚀).These“lungsoftheocean”playavitalroleinmaintainingmarinehealth.Inrecentyears,however,kelpforestsonNorthAmerica’swestcoasthavedeclinedduetothreatslikemarineheatwaves—extendedperiodsofabnormallywarmoceanwaterlinkedtoclimatechange.Using40yearsofsatellitedata,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA)studiedhowMarineprotectedAreas(MPAs)affectkelprecoveryalongCalifornia’scoast.TheirfindingsshowedthatkelpforestswithinMPAsrecoveredmorequicklyafterheatwaves.“MPA-protectedkelpbouncedbackbetterthanprotectedareasaftermajorclimatedisturbances,”notedleadauthorEmellyOrtiz-Villa.Sheaddedthatrestrictedfishingzonesprotectingpredators(捕食者)likelobsterssawstrongerregrowth,suggestingMPAsboostecosystemresilience(恢复力)toclimateevents.MPAsareoceanareaswherehumanactivitiesarelimitedtosupportecosystemsandspecieslivingthere.Butprotectionlevelsvarygreatly:someare“no-take”zoneswithstrictrules,whileothershavelooserestrictionsorpoormanagement.ProfessorRickStaffordfromtheBritishEcologicalSocietyemphasized,“UCLA’sresearchproveslocalprotectionhelpscounterglobalthreatslikeclimatechange.Giventhewidespreadlossofmarineecosystems,sucheffectivelocalprotectionmodelsshouldbepromotedgloballytomaximizeecologicalbenefits.Wecan’tassumethesebenefitswillcontinuewithoutconsistentsupportforexpansion.”SeniorauthorKyleCavanoughexplained,“OurfindingscanguidewheretocreatenewMPAsorotherprotectionmeasures.”However,theteamwarnedthatnotallMPAsperformedbetterthanprotectedareas,indicatingotherfactorsinfluencekelpresilience.TheyplantoidentifythesefactorsinfutureresearchtodeterminewhenandwhereMPAsmosteffectivelysupportkelprecovery.8.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Kelpforests’ecologicalsignificance.B.Kelpforests’urgentneedforprotection.C.Kelpforests’roleinreducingclimateimpacts.D.Kelpforests’wayofregulatingmarinetemperature.9.WhatdidtheresearchersatUCLAfindaboutkelpforests?A.TheycapturedcarbonwellinMPAs.B.TheyneededpredatorstorecoverinMPAs.C.Theydeclinedmoreaftermarineheatwaves.D.TheyregrewfasterinMPAsafterheatwaves.10.WhatpointdoesProfessorRickStaffordemphasize?A.MPAsshouldbeeffectivelyexpandedglobally.B.HumanactivitiesinMPAsmustbebanned.C.EffectivemanagementiskeytoMPAsuccess.D.ClimatechangemakesMPAslesseffective.11.Whatwilltheresearchersfocusonnext?A.Developingnewsatellitetechnologies.B.AssessingtheeffectofMPAs’management.C.Exploringotherfactorsaffectingkelpresilience.D.ComparingkelpinMPAsandprotectedareas.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍海藻林对海洋生态至关重要，近年受海洋热浪影响衰退，UCLA研究显示MPA能助力其灾后恢复，专家建议推广该保护模式，团队将进一步研究相关影响因素。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Kelpforestsarediverseunderwaterecosystemsstretchingalongcoastlinesworldwide.Theyprovidehomesformarinewildlife,rankamongEarth’smostproductivehabitats,capturecarbonefficiently,andprotectcoastsfromerosion(侵蚀).These“lungsoftheocean”playavitalroleinmaintainingmarinehealth.(海藻森林是沿着世界各地海岸线延伸的多种水下生态系统。它们为海洋野生动物提供家园，是地球上最具生产力的栖息地之一，有效地捕获碳，保护海岸免受侵蚀。这些“海洋之肺”在维持海洋健康方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是海藻森林的生态意义。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中““MPA-protectedkelpbouncedbackbetterthanprotectedareasaftermajorclimatedisturbances,”notedleadauthorEmellyOrtiz-Villa.Sheaddedthatrestrictedfishingzonesprotectingpredators(捕食者)likelobsterssawstrongerregrowth,suggestingMPAsboostecosystemresilience(恢复力)toclimateevents.(主要作者艾米丽·奥尔蒂斯-维拉指出：“在重大气候干扰之后，受MPA保护的海带比保护区恢复得更好。”她补充说，保护龙虾等捕食者的限制捕捞区出现了更强的再生，这表明海洋保护区提高了生态系统对气候事件的适应能力。)”可知，MPA内的海藻林，在热浪后恢复更快。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Giventhewidespreadlossofmarineecosystems,sucheffectivelocalprotectionmodelsshouldbepromotedgloballytomaximizeecologicalbenefits.Wecan’tassumethesebenefitswillcontinuewithoutconsistentsupportforexpansion.(鉴于海洋生态系统的普遍丧失，应在全球范围内推广这种有效的地方保护模式，以实现生态效益最大化。如果没有持续的扩张支持，我们不能认为这些好处会持续下去。)”可知，RickStafford教授强调了海洋保护区应在全球范围内有效扩大。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,theteamwarnedthatnotallMPAsperformedbetterthanprotectedareas,indicatingotherfactorsinfluencekelpresilience.TheyplantoidentifythesefactorsinfutureresearchtodeterminewhenandwhereMPAsmosteffectivelysupportkelprecovery.(然而，研究小组警告说，并非所有的海洋保护区都比保护区表现得更好，这表明还有其他因素影响着海带的恢复能力。他们计划在未来的研究中确定这些因素，以确定海洋保护区何时何地最有效地支持海带恢复。)”可推知，研究人员下一步将关注探索影响海藻恢复力的其他因素。故选C项。DSkoltechresearchershavedevelopedamathematicalmodeltoexplorememoryfunction,withfindingspublishedinScientificReportsthatcouldadvancerobotics,artificialintelligence(AI),andourunderstandingofhumanmemorystorage.Notably,thestudysuggestsanidealnumberofsensesmayexist—indicatingthathumans’fivetraditionalsensesmightnotbesufficient.Followinganearly20th-centuryresearchtradition,theteamfocusedonmodelingengrams(记忆痕迹),thebasicunitsofmemory.Anengramisascattered(分散的)setofneuronsacrossdifferentbrainregionsthatactivatetogether,eachrepresentingaconceptdefinedbyspecificfeatures.Forhumans,thesefeaturesarerelatedtosensoryexperiences:theconceptofabanana,forexample,includesitslook,smell,taste,andothersensorytraits.Inthisframework,abananabecomesafive-dimensionalobjectinthebrain’smentalspacethatholdsallstoredmemories.Engramsevolveovertime,becomingsharperormoreuncleardependingonhowoftentheyareactivatedbyexternalsensoryinput.Thisprocessmirrorshowhumanslearnandforgetthroughinteractionswiththeenvironment.“Wehavemathematicallydemonstratedthatengramstendtoevolvetowardasteadystate,”explainedstudyco-authorProfessorNikolayBrilliantovofSkoltechAI.“Aftersomeshortperiod,a‘mature’distributionofengramsemergesandcontinues.”Akeydiscoverycamewhentheteamexaminedtheultimatecapacityofconceptualspaceswithdifferentnumbersofdimensions.“Somewhatsurprisingly,wefoundthatthenumberofdistinctengramsstoredinthesteadystateisgreatestforaseven-dimensionalconceptspace,”Brilliantovnoted.Thisledtothe“sevensensesclaim”:ifeachdimensioncorrespondstoasense,sevensenseswouldmaximizememorycapacityanddeepenoverallunderstandingoftheworld.Importantly,thisnumberisstable—itdoesn’trelyonthemodel’sspecificdetails.Whiletheconclusionabouthumansensesishighlytheoretical,Brilliantovaddedthatthefindings,however,areusefulforroboticsandAItheory.AdvancingthetheoreticalmodelsofmemorywillbeinstrumentaltogainingnewinsightsintothehumanmindandcreatinghumanlikememoryinAIagents.12.Whydoestheauthormentiontheconceptofabananainparagraph2?A.Toshowfivesensoryformationsofbananas.B.Tocomparedifferentwaysofstoringmemories.C.Toexplainhowsensoryfeaturesformaconcept.D.Toshowthefive-dimensionalstructureofthebrain.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutengramsfromparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Theirmaturedistributionappearsfastbutlastsshort.B.Theygetunclearonlywithrareinternalsignalactivation.C.Aseven-dimensionalspacestoresthemostdistinctengrams.D.Theirevolutionhasnolinktohumanlearningandforgetting.14.WhatisBrilliantov’sattitudetowardthestudy’sfindings?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Unconcerned. D.Critical.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Todiscusshumansenses’evolution.B.Tocomparedifferentmemorystoragetheories.C.ToexplainhowAIrecreatesthumanlikememory.D.Tointroduceamemorymathematicalmodelanditsfindings.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯斯科尔科沃理工学院的研究人员开发的一种探索记忆功能的数学模型，阐述了该模型对记忆痕迹的建模过程、关键发现，并指出研究成果对机器人技术、人工智能及人类记忆理解的意义。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Followinganearly20th-centuryresearchtradition,theteamfocusedonmodelingengrams(记忆痕迹),thebasicunitsofmemory.Anengramisascattered(分散的)setofneuronsacrossdifferentbrainregionsthatactivatetogether,eachrepresentingaconceptdefinedbyspecificfeatures.Forhumans,thesefeaturesarerelatedtosensoryexperiences:theconceptofabanana,forexample,includesitslook,smell,taste,andothersensorytraits.Inthisframework,abananabecomesafive-dimensionalobjectinthebrain’smentalspacethatholdsallstoredmemories.(遵循20世纪早期的一种研究传统，该团队专注于对记忆的基本单元——“记忆图元”进行建模。记忆图元是在不同大脑区域分散分布的一组神经元，它们共同激活，每个图元都代表由特定特征所定义的一个概念。对于人类而言，这些特征与感官体验相关：例如，香蕉的概念包括其外观、气味、味道以及其他感官特征。在这个框架中，香蕉在大脑的思维空间中成为一个五维的物体，它承载着所有存储的记忆)”可知，作者在第二段中提及“香蕉”这一概念是为了说明感官特征是如何形成概念的。故选C。13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Engramsevolveovertime,becomingsharperormoreuncleardependingonhowoftentheyareactivatedbyexternalsensoryinput.Thisprocessmirrorshowhumanslearnandforgetthroughinteractionswiththeenvironment.“Wehavemathematicallydemonstratedthatengramstendtoevolvetowardasteadystate,”explainedstudyco-authorProfessorNikolayBrilliantovofSkoltechAI.“Aftersomeshortperiod,a‘mature’distributionofengramsemergesandcontinues.”(记忆痕迹会随着时间的推移而发生变化，其清晰度会因外部感官输入的激活频率而有所不同。这一过程与人类通过与环境的互动来学习和遗忘的方式如出一辙。“我们已经通过数学方法证明，记忆痕迹往往会趋向于一个稳定状态，”斯科尔泰克人工智能学院的研究合著者尼古拉·布里利托夫教授解释道。“在一段时间后，会出现一种‘成熟’的记忆痕迹分布，并持续下去。”)”以及第四段““Somewhatsurprisingly,wefoundthatthenumberofdistinctengramsstoredinthesteadystateisgreatestforaseven-dimensionalconceptspace,”Brilliantovnoted.Thisledtothe“sevensensesclaim”:ifeachdimensioncorrespondstoasense,sevensenseswouldmaximizememorycapacityanddeepenoverallunderstandingoftheworld.(“令人有些意外的是，我们发现，在稳定状态下所存储的不同记忆单元的数量，在七维概念空间中是最为多的。”布里利塔夫说道。这便引出了“七种感官论”：如果每个维度都对应一种感官，那么七种感官将能最大限度地提升记忆容量，并加深对世界的整体理解)”可知，“记忆痕迹”是一个七维空间存储着最为独特的记忆片段。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whiletheconclusionabouthumansensesishighlytheoretical,Brilliantovaddedthatthefindings,however,areusefulforroboticsandAItheory.AdvancingthetheoreticalmodelsofmemorywillbeinstrumentaltogainingnewinsightsintothehumanmindandcreatinghumanlikememoryinAIagents.(虽然关于人类感官的结论具有很强的理论性，但布里利托夫补充说，这些发现对于机器人学和人工智能理论来说是有用的。推进记忆的理论模型将有助于我们对人类思维有新的理解，并在人工智能系统中创造出类似人类的记忆)”可知，Brilliantov对研究成果持“乐观态度”。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。文章开篇即点明核心—Skoltech研究人员开发数学模型探索记忆功能“，后续围绕该模型展开：介绍模型对记忆痕迹的建模逻辑、推导的记忆痕迹进化规律、“七维空间与记忆容量“的关键发现，最后提及研究意义。整体旨在“介绍一种记忆数学模型及其发现”。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。JudgingaBookbyItsCoverTheEnglishidiom“Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover”isametaphor.Itmeansoneshouldnotjudgetheworthorvalueofsomethingbyitsoutwardappearancealone.____16____Iagreethatyoushouldn’tjudgeabookonlybyitscover,butpleasedon’tignorethecovereither.Thecoveristheall-importantfirstimpression.Everythingonthatcover,frontandback,ispurposefullydesignedtopersuadeyoutobuyandreadthebook.____17____Fromthecoveryoulearnthetitleandauthor,eitherofwhichmightbeenoughtoconvinceyoutoreadit.There’salsoaplotsummaryontheback,andmaybesomereviews.Thecoverpicture,colors,andfont(字体)styleallgiveapotentialreaderanideaofwhatthebookisabout.Asanauthor,Irecognizetheneedforanimpressivecover.Severalyearsago,IpublishedUndertheAlmondTrees.____18____Iwantedcolorratherthanblackandwhite,though.Iwasveryhappywiththeresult.Later,though,Irealizedsomethingwasmissing.Ilikedthebluesky,theblossomsonthetrees,thecolorofthefont,butthefeeljustdidn’tscream,“Pickmeup!”____19____IremembertellingherthatIlikedthedesign,butsomethingwasoff.Herresultingdesignwassimilar.Thealmondtreeswerestillthere,aswasthehorseandcart.Thecolorsandfontwerebetter.ItwasnothingIcouldhavedescribed,butthenewcoverwasbreathtaking.Itwasevenafinalistinacoverdesigncompetition.Sowhetheryouaretoldtojudgeabookbyitscoverornot,Iknowsuchjudgingoccurs.Apotentialreaderdecideswhethertopickupabookornotbasedonthecoverinformation.____20____A.SoIhiredadifferentdesignertoundoit.B.Buttheproverbdoesn’ttellthewholestory.C.Infact,manyauthorsunderestimatethecoverdesign.D.Therefore,it’simportanttorememberthatthecovermatters.E.Thecoverisonlypartofthebook,butit’sanimportantpart.F.Atrulygreatstory,however,willalwayssucceedregardlessofitscover.G.Iaskedacoverdesignertouseanoldphotoasthemodelforthecover.【答案】16.B17.E18.G19.A20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“不要以貌取人”这句谚语在图书领域的应用，作者通过个人经历论证了封面设计对图书的重要性，指出封面虽不是全部，但却是影响读者决策的重要部分。【16题详解】根据上文“TheEnglishidiom“Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover”isametaphor.Itmeansoneshouldnotjudgetheworthorvalueofsomethingbyitsoutwardappearancealone.(英语习语“不要以貌取人”是一个比喻的说法。其含义是，人们不应仅仅根据事物的外表来评判其价值或意义)”可知，文章开篇引出谚语及其含义，和下文“Iagreethatyoushouldn’tjudgeabookonlybyitscover,butpleasedon’tignorethecovereither.(我同意不能仅仅根据封面来评判一本书，但同时也不应忽视封面的作用)”可知，作者表示部分赞同并提出转折观点，故空格处需起到承上启下的作用。B选项“Buttheproverbdoesn’ttellthewholestory.(但这个谚语并没有说明全部真相)”中的“But“形成语义转折，一方面承接了谚语本身，另一方面自然地引出了作者认为该观点不全面的论述，为下文的展开奠定了基调。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Thecoveristheall-importantfirstimpression.Everythingonthatcover,frontandback,ispurposefullydesignedtopersuadeyoutobuyandreadthebook.(封面是至关重要的第一印象。封面的正反两面所呈现的一切，都是经过精心设计的，目的是为了说服你购买并阅读这本书)”可知，强调封面的重要性，结合下文“Fromthecoveryoulearnthetitleandauthor,eitherofwhichmightbeenoughtoconvinceyoutoreadit.There’salsoaplotsummaryontheback,andmaybesomereviews.Thecoverpicture,colors,andfont(字体)styleallgiveapotentialreaderanideaofwhatthebookisabout.(从封面上，你可以了解到书名和作者，这两者中的任何一个都可能足以让你决定去阅读这本书。封底上还有一段简短的故事情节概述，或许还有一些书评。封面图片、颜色和字体风格都能让潜在读者对这本书的内容有个大致的了解)”可知，下文具体列举封面提供的各类信息，是对空格处观点的详细阐释和例证。E选项“封面只是书的一部分，但它是重要的一部分”精准地概括了该段的核心思想。“onlypart”与“importantpart”的转折结构，与上文“shouldn’tonly…butdon’tignore…”的逻辑完美呼应，且“importantpart”是下文细节的总述。故选E。【18题详解】根据下文“Iwantedcolorratherthanblackandwhite,though.Iwasveryhappywiththeresult.(我想要彩色而不是黑白，并对结果很满意)”可推知，空格处需要描述一个让作者最初感到满意的、具体的封面设计决策。G选项“我要求封面设计师使用一张老照片作为封面的模型”明确交代了封面的设计灵感来源，正是这一具体行动产生了让她初期满意的“result”。选项中的“coverdesigner”也与本段首句“animpressivecover”形成词汇关联。故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Later,though,Irealizedsomethingwasmissing.Ilikedthebluesky,theblossomsonthetrees,thecolorofthefont,butthefeeljustdidn’tscream,“Pickmeup!”(不过后来我意识到有些东西是缺失的。我喜欢那湛蓝的天空、树上的花朵、字体的颜色，但那种感觉就是没有那种“选我吧！”的强烈召唤力)”和下文“IremembertellingherthatIlikedthedesign,butsomethingwasoff.Herresultingdesignwassimilar.Thealmondtreeswerestillthere,aswasthehorseandcart.Thecolorsandfontwerebetter.ItwasnothingIcouldhavedescribed,butthenewcoverwasbreathtaking.Itwasevenafinalistinacoverdesigncompetition.(我记得曾跟她说过我喜欢这个设计，但总觉得有些地方不太对劲。她最终完成的设计与我之前说的差不多。那些杏树还在，还有那匹马和马车。色彩和字体都更好了。这东西我根本无法用言语形容，但这个新封面实在太出色了。它甚至在封面设计比赛中获得了决赛入围资格)”可知，在发现不满后，作者采取了行动。A选项“所以我另雇了一位设计师来修正这个问题。”准确描述了这一关键举措。下文的“her”正是指代这位“differentdesigner”。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Sowhetheryouaretoldtojudgeabookbyitscoverornot,Iknowsuchjudgingoccurs.Apotentialreaderdecideswhethertopickupabookornotbasedonthecoverinformation.(所以，无论是否有人告诉你要“以貌取人”，我知道这种判断行为确实存在。潜在的读者会根据封面的信息来决定是否拿起一本书)”可知，这是作者在结合自身经历