国际贸易英语中的缩略语及翻译

目录

一、introduction............................................................................................................................1

（一）researchbackground...................................................................................................1

（二）researchnicaiiiug........................................................................................................1

（三）researchtechnique.....................................................................................................2

二\InternationalTradeEnglishabbreviationoverview............................................................3

（一）Definitionofabbreviations.......................................................................................3

（二）Thecharacteristicsofabbreviations........................................................................3

（三）Thefunctionofabbreviations.................................................................................4

（四）Classificationofabbreviations.................................................................................5

三、CharacteristicsandprinciplesoftheEnglishabbreviationforinternationaltrade..........7

（一）InternationaltradeEnglishabbreviationcharacteristics.......................................7

1.Structuralfeaturesoftheabbreviations..................................................................7

2.Semanticfeaturesoftheabbreviations....................................................................8

3.Piraticfeaturesoftheabbreviation.........................................................................9

（二）TranslationprinciplesoftheEnglishabbreviationforinternationaltrade........10

1.Accuracyprinciple.................................................................................................10

2.Principleofsimplicity...........................................................................................11

3.Normativeprinciple................................................................................................12

四、TranslationoftheEnglishabbreviationforinternationaltrade..........................................14

（一）Thetranslationprinciplesoftheacronym...........................................................14

（二）Translationmethodoftheabbreviation.................................................................14

（三）Translationtechniquesforabbreviations...............................................................15

五、ChinesetranslationtechniquesofEnglishabbreviationsforinternationaltrade............17

（一）literaltranslation.....................................................................................................17

（二）freetranslation.......................................................................................................17

（三）Addition...................................................................................................................18

（四）Decline....................................................................................................................19

六、conclusion....................................................................................................................................20

致谢........................................................

参考文献...................................................................21

一、introduction

(―)researchbackground

Withthecontinuousadvancementoftheworldeconomicintegrationprocess,the

relationshipbetweeninternationaltradeandinternationaleconomicdevelopmenthasbecome

moreandmoreclose.Inabroadsense,internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoods,services

andtechnologybetweencountries.Inpracticalwork,duetothedifferencesinpoliticaland

economicsystems,socialsystems,customsandlanguagesandculturesofdifferentcountries,

itdeterminesthatsomeabbreviationsmustbeusedininternationaltradeEnglish,andvarious

translationmethodsshouldbeusedfortranslation.Forexample,intradepractice,

abbreviationsareoftenusedtoexpresstherequirementsofbothpartiesongoods,servicesand

technology;ineconomicnewspaperstoexpresseconomicinformation.

IninternationaltradeEnglish,therearemanyabbreviations,withmanymeaningsand

translationmethods.Butintheactualuseprocess,someoftheabbreviatedtranslationsare

difficulttomaster.Forexample:(I)commodityname:therearealotofcommoditynames

oftenusedininternationaltrade,suchasclothing,footwear,furniture,foodandsoon.Inorder

tofacilitatememory,thecommoditynamecanbecommonlyusedininternationaltrade

accordingtothedifferentusesandcharacteristicsofthecommodity.Suchas"clolhing”

abbreviatedas"fashion","footwear”abbreviatedas"shoes","furniture"abbreviatedas

"furnace'1;"food"abbreviatedas"food*1,etc.

(2)Unitofmeasurement:Therearemanykindsofmeasurementunitsoftenusedin

internationaltrade,suchaskg,pound,kg,etc.Formemorypurposes,abbreviationsor

abbreviationsoftheseunitsofmeasurementcanbecombined.Suchas:(1)weight:refersto

theweightofaparticularitem,canbeexpressedbyhowmanygramsperkilogramorhow

manygramsperkilogram.

(2)Length:thelengthofaparticularitem,whichcanbeexpressedinmillimeter,inch,

footorfoot.

(二)researchmeaning

InternationaltradeEnglishisahighlyprofessionallanguage.Duetotheeconomicand

二、InternationalTradeEnglishabbreviation

overview

(—)Definitionofabbreviations

Abbreviations,definedaswordswithmultiplewordsrepresentedbyoneletter,area

speciallinguisticphenomenon.incompliancewith:

Where"C"isfortheEnglishword"Commerce","CHEnisfortheEnglishword

"Computer"and"First'*isfortheEnglishword"Firstcooperation'*.Ininformalsituations,

suchasconversation,speech,etc.,colloquialwordsorphrasescanbeused.Internationaltrade

Englishabbreviation,referstocertainspecialtermscommonlyusedininternationaltrade,

whichareoftenrepresentedbyoneletterformultiplewords,suchasC&F,CHESS,

CONFIRM,etc.Thesespecialtermsaremainlyusedinformaloccasions,suchastrade

negotiation,signingcontracts,draftingtradedocuments,issuingnotices,andsoon.Theyplay

animportantroleininternationaltrade.Thesespecialtermsareconcise,standardandaccurate,

sotheyarewidelyused.Ininternationaltrade,theuseofabbreviationscannotonlysavetime

andcost,butalsomakepeopleunderstandclearlyandexpressideasaccurately.

ThetranslationmethodsofinternationaltradeEnglishabbreviationinclude:(1)direct

translation;(2)literalandItaliantranslation;(3)Italianandliteraltranslation;(4)literaland

Italiantranslation;(5)Italianandliteraltranslation.Theprincipleofthetranslationisto

respectthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,retainthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,andmaintain

thelanguagestyleoftheoriginaltext.

(二)Thecharacteristicsofabbreviations

(1)Theabbreviationsaremostlygeneral,concise,orhaveaspecificmeaning.Therefore,

ininternationaltrade,abbreviationscannotbeusedtoexpressaspecificmeaning,butcan

onlybeusedasaphrase,sothetranslationofabbreviationsininternationaltradeEnglish

shouldbebasedoniheprincipleofaccuracyandcompleteness.

(2)Thereisaconnectionbetweentheabbreviationandtheoriginalword,thatis,the

meaningoftheoriginalwordcanbeunderstoodthroughtheabbreviation.Therefore,in

internationaltradeEnglish,theabbreviationshouldbeconsistentwiththeoriginalword,and

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theoriginalmeaningcannotbechanged.

(3)Abbreronymscanbeusedinoneletterformultiplewords,butnotmultiplelettersfor

onephrase.Abbreviationscanbeeithernounorverbsoradjectivesandadverbs.Butgenerally,

abbreviationscannotbetranslatedintocommonwords.

(4)Eachwordintheabbreviationhasacertainmeaning,anditsmeaningisnotexactly

thesameastheoriginalword.Therefore,(heabbreviationmustbetranslatedbythemeaning

expressedintheoriginalword.IftheliteraltranslationorItaliantranslationcannotmakethe

translationsmooth,completeandaccuratetoexpressthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,wecan

addanadditionalexplanationtoit.

(三)Thefunctionofabbreviations

TheabbreviationininternationaltradeEnglishcannotonlygreatlyreducethe

communicationcostofinternationaltradeEnglish,butalsohelptheexpressionof

internationaltradeEnglishmoreconciseandefficient,moreinlinewiththeexpressionhabits

ofinternationaltradeEnglish.

Highefficiencyofinformationtransmission.Theabbreviationsininternationaltrade

Englisharemainlyintheformoflettersorwords,andtheyallreplacetheoriginalwordswith

asymbolorletterinthewords,whichcannotonlyreducethereadingtimeofinternational

tradeEnglish,butalsoeffectivelyimprovetheefficiencyofinformationtransmission.For

example,intheprocessofinternationaltrade,weoftenencountersomenewterms,whichare

notfamiliaramongprofessionals,sotheyneedtotranslatethesetermsintoabbreviationsfor

dissemination.

Therangeofinformationtransmissioniswide.Acrentationsininternationaltrade

Englisharegenerallyinlettersorwords,andinsomespecificcases,theseabbreviationscan

alsoreplacesomewordsorphrases.Forexample,intheprocessofinternationaltrade,wc

oftenencountersomeabbreviations.Theseabbreviationscannotonlyexpressthecontentthat

needstobeexpressedmoreclearly,butalsohelppeopletobetterunderstandtherelated

contentinvolvedininternationaltradeEnglish.

Savemoneyonlanguageusecosts.AbbreviationsininternationaltradeEnglishcannot

onlyhelppeopletobetterunderstandtherelevantcontent,butalsohelppeopletosavesome

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unnecessarycostsoflanguageuse.Forexample,whenconductingforeigntradebusiness,we

oftenencountersomenewtermsorabbreviations,butifpeoplewanttotranslateorusethem,

theyneedtospendalotoftimeandenergy.Therefore,translatingorusingtheseabbreviations

cannotonlysavethecostoflanguageuse,butalsohelppeopletobetterunderstandthe

relevantcontent.

(四)Classificationofabbreviations

Accordingtothenatureofspeechandmeaningoftheabbreviations,theabbreviations

ininternationaltradeEnglishcanbedividedintothreecategories:

Thefirstcategoryistheacronymsfornounsorverbs.Therearcmanynounsorverbsin

Englishthataremonosyllables,theyusuallyhaveoneend(er,or,or,etc.),soyoucandirectly

useEnglishwordsasabbreviations.Forexample,"country"intheword"country"isa

monosyllabicwordthatcanbeuseddirectly,while"rural1'in"rural"isabi-syllabicwordthat

canbeuseddirectly.Forexample,"inviting"intheword"inviting"isamonosyllabicword

thatcanbeuseddirectly.

Theseprepositionsorconjunctionsareusuallycomposedoftwowords,whichcanbe

regardedasatie,andthereforecanalsobeabbreviatedasprepositions(spell),conjunctions

(conjunction).Forexample,"support"and"sun"intheword"support"arctwowords,which

canberegardedasaparallelrelationshipandcanbeuseddirectly.

Theseadditionalabbreviationsareusuallycomposedofatail(er,or,or,etc.)plusother

parts,Forexample,"accordingtonintheword"accordingto"meansanexplanationor

supplementtothecontenttobeexpressedforsomereason;"namedofthehand(toFor

example)"intheword"namedofthehand(to...Forexample)"meansthat,forsomereason,

toaddtothecontenttobeexpressed;''spelling"intheword"spelling"meansexplainingor

addingtobeexpressedforsomereason.

Thesecondcategoryistheabbreviationsofnumber,date,time,quantity,etc.

Forexample,"develop"intheword"developtheproduct(producedproduct)"isa

monosyllablewordthatcanbeuseddirectly;"global"in"globalcooperation(globalization)1'

isamonosyllablewordwhichcanbeuseddirectly;"product"intheword"producttothe

develop(...forexample)"isamonosyllabicwordthatcanbeuseddirectly.

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Thethirdcategoryistheabbreviationsusedtoindicatethedevelopmentandchangeof

things.

Intheprocessofinternationaltrade,peoplewillalwayshaveanewunderstandingof

somethings,andinthisprocess,peoplewillproducealargenumberofnewtermsornew

concepts.Forexample,theword"computer"(computer)isevolvedfromtheEnglishword

"computer",anditsoriginalmeaningis"computer"andcanbedirectlyused;andiheword

"internet"(Internet)isevolvedfromtheEnglishword"internet",anditsoriginalmeaningis

"Internet"andcanbedirectlyused;andtheword"rankingup(leader)"isevolvedfromthe

Englishword“rankingup(leader)”,anditsoriginalmeaningis"leader"andcanbeused

directly.

Inaddition,therearesomeabbreviationsininternationaltradethatarecreatedto

describeaneventoraphenomenon.Forexample,thereisanabbreviationcalledclock

(pendulum),whoseoriginalmeaningis:clockup(pendulum)referstothemovementofthe

swingduringthepassageoftime.Forexample,thereisanabbreviationspeciallyusedto

describeaneventoraphenomenoncalledrevolution(change),whoseoriginalmeaningis:

revolutionreferstothechangeofathing.

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三、CharacteristicsandprinciplesoftheEnglish

abbreviationforinternationaItrade

(—)InternationaltradeEnglishabbreviationcharacteristics

1.Structuralfeaturesoftheabbreviations

InternationaltradeEnglishabbreviationshaveastrongapparentfunction,andthis

featureismoreobviousinthestructureoftheabbreviations.Englishaerationsarcoften

composedofthecombinationofroot,prefix,suffixandletter,inwhichtherootisthebasic

unitoftheabbreviations.Therefore,tomasterthestructuralcharacteristicsoftheroot,also

masterthecharacteristicsofabbreviations.Accordingtothecompositionoftheroot,the

Englishabbreviationcanberoughlydividedintothreecategories:

Thefirsttypeisthe"rootandprefixcombination"type.Theso-called"root-prefix

combination"typereferstotheuseofonemonosyllabicwordinsteadofanothermonosyllabic

word.Forexample:copy(copy),email(E-mail),shipping(importandexport),etc.In

internationaltradeEnglish,thesesimpleandcommonlyusedabbreviationsareoften

composedofthreewords:"broadcast"(radio),''medicine"(medicine)and^information"

(information).Forexample:broadcast=radio+news;medicine=medicine+medicine;

information=information.

Theso-called"lettercombinationacronym"typereferstothestructureofusingtwoor

morelettersinsteadofoneormorewords.Forexample:account=buyerandseller;

categories=transactionvariety;commercial二company;globalization=globalization;capital=

capital.

Forexample:merchandised=Company+method;businessman=customer;

merchandise=method;sellers=broker.Thesecondtypeisthe“prefix+suffix+letter"type.

Theso-called"prefix+suffix1'typereferstotheuseofaprefixorsuffixtoreplacethe

structureofaword.Forexample:trade=buyandsell;marketplace=market;sellerspace=

market;trade=auction,etc.

IninternationaltradeEnglish,thesesimpleandcommonlyusedabbreviationsareoften

composedof"prefix+suffix",inwhichtheprefixisthebasicunitoftheabbreviation,andthe

suffixplaysaroleofmodificationorlimitation.Forexample:execute=confirmation;

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examination=approval;expression=quotation,etc.

IninternationaltradeEnglish,thistypeofabbreviationisalsomorecommon,suchas:

numerous=verymany;traditionaltraditional;permanent=permanent;operating=sell,etc.

InordertobetterreflectthecharacteristicsofinternationaltradeEnglishabbreviation,

thefollowingpointsshouldbepaidattentiontowhentranslation:

(I)Begoodatassociation.WhetherChineseabbreviationorEnglishabbreviation,their

meaningistouseamonosyllabicwordtoreplaceanothermonosyllabicword,therefore,the

translationshouldpayattentiontotheoriginalwordanditsprefixofthewordsofthesameor

similarcontrast,findoutthecommonpointbetweenthem,andthentranslate.

(2)TobegoodatgraspingthemeaningoftheabbreviationofEnglishwordsinthe

context.BecauseofthelargespaceusedininternationaltradeEnglish,attentionmustbepaid

tothemeaningofthesewordsinthecontextoftranslation.

2.Semanticfeaturesoftheabbreviations

AbbreviationsininternationaltradeEnglish,semantically,mainlyexpresswordsor

phraseswithaspecificmeaning.Becauseabbreviationsarethecompressionand

simplificationofcommonwords,theyoftenshowmoreclearcharacteristicsinsemantics.

Thischaracteristicismainlymanifestedinthefollowingaspects:

(I)Abbreviationscannotonlyexpresscomplexsemanticcontent,butalsomaintaintheir

originalsemanticcharacteristics.Forexample,"bargain"(price)and"price"(price)aretwo

differentwords,theformermeansthatthebuyerandtheselleragreeonthepriceofthegoods

orservices,whilethelattermeansthatthebuyerandtheselleragreeonthepriceofthegoods

orservices.Butinpracticaluse,"bargain"and"price"areoftenusedtoexpressthesame

meaning,thatis,whenthepriceofanitemorserviceinaspecificmarketislowerthan

"bargain*'or"price",theitemorserviceisregardedas"pricereduction",whichconstitutesthe

abbreviation"bargainprice1'and"bargaindemand".

(2)Abbreviationscannotonlymaintaintheiroriginalsemanticfeatures,butalsocanbe

replacedbyotherwords.Forexample,ininternationaltrade,thepricesofsomecommodities

areoftenmuchhigherthanthoseofordinarycommodities,sothisphenomenonoftenoccurs:

"chargeofproducts1'(productprice),"productcost"(productcost)tcostascost"(productcost)

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and"productcostassoap"(productprice).Inthesecases,inordertomakethemeaningof

thesewordsclearerwithoutmakingthemeaningtoocomplicatedandconfusing,peopleoften

substitutetheabbreviation.

(3)Abbreronymscanexpressthesamesemanticcontentfromdifferentangles,sothe

contentisoftenveryrich.

Forexample,ininternationaltrade,inordertomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellersto

communicateandcommunicate,peopleoftenuseabbreviationssuchas"itemofgoods"

(producttype),"itemofsources'1("itemoftakeover")(freight)insteadof"itemofgoods1'

(producttype)and"itemofsources1'(goods).

Ininternationaltrade,inordertomakethepriceofagoodorserviceinaspecificmarket

acceptabletoconsumers,peopleoftenuseabbreviationssuchas"price"(price)and"prices"

(price)insteadof"price"(price)and"prices"(price).

3.Prraticfeaturesoftheabbreviation

Abbreviationscanmakeexpressionmoreconciseandexpressive,especiallywhensome

abbreviationsareassociatedwithaculturalphenomenon,itcanreflectitscultural

connotation.

(I)TheabbreviationsshouldconformtotheEnglishexpressionhabits.Althoughthe

abbreviationisacondensationphenomenonofEnglish,butitisanewlanguagephenomenon,

itsexpressionmustconformtothehabitofEnglishexpression,otherwiseitwillproduce

ambiguity.

(2)Theabbreviationshouldconformtothelawofpeople'sthinking.Becausepeople

oftenencountersomenewwordsandabbreviationsintheirdailylifeandwork,sowhenusing

thesenewwords,wemustconsidertheirculturalconnotationandcommunicativefunction.

Forexample,theword"Totallyremember"(rememberclearly)isoftenusedinoralEnglishto

indicate"remember","clear"andothermeanings.Whenusedininternationaltrade,its

communicativefunctionshouldbetakenintoaccount,anddonotusevaguewordssuchas

"rememberveryclearly1'.Becauseoncemisunderstood,itwillaffectthenormaltrade

relationshipbetweenthetwocountries.

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(二)TranslationprinciplesoftheEnglishabbreviationforinternational

trade

ThetranslationofabbreviationsininternationaltradeEnglishshouldbekeptasfaras

possibletokeeptheirmeaningandformconsistentforaccurateunderstanding.Therefore,the

followingpointsshouldpayattentionto:

1.TheprincipleofItaliantranslation.Italiantranslationistoexpressthemeaningofthe

originaltextinthemostunderstandableway.However,thisdocsnotmeanthattheoriginal

textcanbetranslatedatwill.Iftherearesomeprofessionalwordsordifficultexpressionsin

theoriginaltext,itisnecessarytoconsidertheItaliantranslation.

Transliterationisthetranslationofeachletterintheoriginaltextintothesame

pronunciationastheword.Forexample,"bank"canbetranslatedas"bank","capital"as

"capital'1,"depression"as"clean","clean",etc.

1.Accuracyprinciple

Ininternationaltrade,thetranslationofacronymsshouldnotonlyfollowtheprincipleof

accuracy,butalsopayattentiontotheformofabbreviations,especiallysomespecial

abbreviations.Duetotheparticularityoftheabbreviations,thetranslationstandardsshouldbe

determinedaccordingtotheirtranslationcharacteristics.Iftheabbreviationisinthecorrect

form,thenaliteraltranslationortransliterationshouldbeused.Forexample,draft(freight

forwarder)anddraftship(shipper)arethemeaningoffreightforwarder,butbecausethe

industryinvolvedisdifferent,sointhetranslationshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothe

characteristicsoftheindustry.Ininternationaltrade,sometimesinordertoavoidtroubleor

understandingdifficulties,sometimeswillusetheItaliantranslation.Forexample,although

concert(correspondence)andconfirmation(consultation)arebothcontactedbytelephone,

thereisonedifference:theformerreferstotheconsultationinthephone,whilethelatter

referstotheconsultationbytelephone.Althoughtheyarebothphonecalls,thereisa

difference.Therefore,intheinternationaltrade,thetranslationstandardshouldbedetermined

accordingtothedifferentsituations.

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2.Principleofsimplicity

Ininternationaltrade,abbreviationsareoftenused,butintheuseofabbreviations,we

shouldpayattentiontotheprincipleofsimplicity,donotusetoocomplexabbreviations,

otherwiseitwillgivepeopleasenseofconfusion.Theuseofabbreviationsininternational

tradeshouldbeinlinewiththeprincipleofsimplicity,andthesentencesshouldnotbe

lengthyandconfusingbecauseoftheuseofabbreviations.Therefore,ininternationaltrade,

somecomplexabbreviationsshouldbeexpressedassimpleaspossible.Suchas:alarge

pensionalnumberoffaculty(numberofpresidents);alargelargepartoftheUnitedStates

(populationoftheUnitedStates);alargeplumofrare(Africancontinent);alargenumberof

rare(worldpopulation),etc.

Comparedwiththegeneralabbreviations,theabbreviationsininternationaltradeEnglish

areoftenmoreconcise,conciseandeasiertounderstand,butintheprocessoftranslation,we

shouldpayattentiontokeeptheoriginaltextconciseandavoidambiguity.

TheabbreviationsininternationaltradeEnglisharcgenerallysummarizedinsimpleand

clearwords,andattentionshouldbepaidtokeeptheoriginaltextconcisewhentranslating.for

instance:

(3)takehometosomethingtogetherinaseparationofitsgovernment；

(4)consumermustbesubmittedtoasecondorthirdmeeting；

(5)businessisarealthingo

Ininternationaltrade,duetothedifferentcustomsofdifferentcountries,thelanguage

usedisalsodifferent,soattentionshouldbepaidtokeeptheoriginaltextconcisewhen

translatingabbreviations.fbrinstance:

(1)Theyareallchoseninthemouth,buttheyarealsolookedatasecondmeetingo

Theyallhavegoodteeth,buttheyhaveabadhabit-----alwaysshutwhentalking.

(2)Ifoundthatmychoiceisapartoftheriskofhome。Ifoundthatmychoicewas

correct.

(3)IfeelthatthesecondmeetingisveryimportantoThismeetingisveryimportant.

(4)Ifyouhadtobealimitedcompany,youmustfindthatitistherealtime。Ifyouare

aLLC,youhaveplentyoftimetogetthejobdone.

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3.Normativeprinciple

Ininternationaltrade,bothAngloandcontinentallawcountrieshaveacommon

principle:touseformalabbreviationsasmuchaspossible,ratherthaninformalabbreviations.

Abbreviationsarecommonlanguageformsininternationaltrade,andtheyplayanimportant

roleininternationaltrade.Therefore,forabbreviations,normativeprinciplesmustbe

followed.

Ininternationaltrade,somecommonlyusedabbreviationshaveboththeirspecific

meaningandcertainusagerules.Theseabbreviationsareconventionalandhavenoobvious

grammaticalerrors.Therefore,whentranslatingtheseabbreviations,youjustneedtofindthe

sameorsimilarexpressionasthegivenabbreviationinthegivensentence.Forsomecomplex

abbreviations(suchasabout,about)canbetranslatedinaliteralorItaliantranslation.

Apalizedtranslationreferstoexpressingthemeaningoftheoriginaltextintheformotthe

originaltext,whileItaliantranslationreferstothetranslationoftheoriginaltextwithout

changingthemeaningoftheoriginaltext.

IninternationaltradeEnglish,theuseofabbreviationsfollowsnormativeprinciples.for

instance:

Ininternationaltrade,inordertoemphasizethetypeofgoods,thedefinitetitle"in"or

"FROM"isoftenusedbeforethecommodityname,su