高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型专题突破二阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题跟踪训练

TheChildren’sBook－showpetitionisachanceforyoungreaderstobewriters.Reading，itseems，isingbackintofashion，ifasurveybythefamousNationalLiteracyTrust(theNLT)istrue.Itshowsthatthepercentageofchildrenwhoadmitenjoyingreadinghasgrownforthefirsttimeinthepast8years.Soit’sagoodtimetolaunchapetitionthatincludesashedloadofnewbooksforschoolsasprizes.TheChildren’sBook－showpetition，backedbyTheIndependent，istakingtotheroadsagainfromthestartofnextterm，withanationwidetourof15bigcities，featuringalineupofadozenchildren’swritersandillustrators(插图画家)aimingtopersuadepupilstofollowtheirfootsteps.Thepetition，launchedbythechildren’swriterandillustratorJessicaSouhami，hastwocategories:theunder－nine’sandnineto13－year－olds.Childrenareaskedtochoosetheirfavoritefairyorfolktaleandsetitinanextraordinaryplace.Thentheyaretoretellitwiththeaidofdrawingsandwritings—whetheritissetatsea，onadistantplanet，inthefutureorinthepast.Theclosingdateforthepetitionis30November.“Tellyourtaleinpicturesandinwords，”saytheorganizersofthepetition.“Itcanbeinapicturebookoricbookformat.”Thewinnerofeachpetitionwillreceiveasignedcopyofabookbyeachofthe12authorsinvolvedinthisyear’stour，plus￡150worthofbooksfortheirschool.Therunners－upwillreceiveasignedcopyofSouhami’snewbook.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了读书比赛的发起、年龄规定以及奖励办法。1．WhatcanweknowabouttheBook－showpetition?A．ItwillbeheldbythefamousNLT.B．Itwillbeheldindifferentcities.C．Ithasneverbeenorganizedbefore.D．Childrenofallageswilljoininit.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“TheChildren’sBook－showpetition，backedbyTheIndependent，istakingtotheroadsagainfromthestartofnextterm，withanationwidetourof15bigcities，”可知，读书比赛将在不同的城市举行。故答案选B。2．Theunderlinedword“backed”inParagraph3means________．A．Started. B．Promoted.C．Supported. D．Reported.解析：选C。词义猜测题。start意为“开始”；promote意为“提升”；support意为“支持”；report意为“报告”。根据画线词前的“it’sagoodtimetolaunchapetition”可推知，这次比赛得到了TheIndependent的支持。back意为“支持”。故答案选C。3．Whatwillbeofferedasaprizetoschools?A．Picturesandicbooks. B．Booksworth￡150inall.C．Bookssignedby12authors. D．JessicaSouhami’snewbooks.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Thewinnerofeachpetitionwillreceiveasignedcopyofabookbyeachofthe12authorsinvolvedinthisyear’stour，plus￡150worthofbooksfortheirschool.”可知，给获奖者学校的奖励是价值150英镑的书籍。故答案选B。4．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto________．A．encourageyoungreaderstobeewritersB．persuadeallchildrentojoininthepetitionC．promotechildren’sbooksbyfamouswritersD．introduceabook－showpetitiontochildren解析：选D。写作意图题。纵观全文可知，作者写这篇文章旨在向孩子们介绍一个读书比赛。故答案选D。B(xx·江西重点中学盟校第一次联考)Studentswishingtosafeguardtheircareersagainstchangesinthejobmarketshouldoptforscienceratherthanartsdegrees，accordingtoasurveyofundergraduates.Engineeringandchemistrywereconsideredtobethemost“futureproof”，astheyarecoursesmostlikelytoleadtoanenduringandadaptablecareer.StudentspolledbyPearsonCollegewerebroadlyoptimisticthattheirchosencourseswouldpreparethemforaworldinwhichthejobmarketcouldchangedramaticallyduringtheirworkinglives.Butopinionwassharplydividedoverwhichdegreeswerebestforfuture－proofcareers.Eighty－twopercentofrespondentsbelievedengineeringwouldhelpdevelopfuture－proofskills，with74percentbelievingthesameofchemistryand73percentofputerscience.Butjust33percentofundergraduatesbelievedhistorywouldleadtoafuture－proofcareer，and40percentEnglish.Howevermorethantwothirdsofstudents(67percent)thoughttheworldofworkwouldbesignificantlydifferentorpletelyunrecognizablein20years.Thefindings，publishedtoday，eafterEducationSecretaryNickyMorgansparkedcontroversywithclaimsthatteenagersshouldsteerclearoftheartsandhumanitiesandoptforscienceormathssubjectsiftheywanttoaccessthewidestrangeofjobs.Shesaidthatinpreviousdecadesstudentswouldonlytakemathsorscienceiftheywantedtopursueaspecificcareersuchasmedicineorpharmacy，butnowadaysthat“couldn’t_be_further_from_the_truth”．“Ifyouwantedtodosomethingdifferent，orevenifyoudidn’tknowwhatyouwantedtodo...thentheartsandhumanitieswerewhatyouchose.Becausetheywereuseful—weweretold—forallkindsofjobs.Ofcoursenowweknowthatcouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth，thatthesubjectsthatkeepyoungpeople’soptionsopenandunlockdoorstoallsortsofcareersaretheSTEM(science，technology，engineeringandmaths)subjects.”Shealsodescribedmathsas“thesubjectthatemployersvaluemost”andsaidthatpupilswhostudyA－levelmathswillearn10percentmoreovertheirlifetime.“Thesefiguresshowusthattoomanyyoungpeoplearemakingchoicesaged15whichwillholdthembackfortherestoftheirlives.”shesaid.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了课程的选择对学生们未来的发展情况的影响。5．Inordertoguaranteeyourfuturejob，whichkindofcourseswillyouchooseaccordingtothesurvey?A．EngineeringorEnglish.B．HistoryorMaths.C．MathsorArt.D．EngineeringorChemistry.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Engineeringandchemistrywereconsideredtobethemost“futureproof”，astheyarecoursesmostlikelytoleadtoanenduringandadaptablecareer.”可知，工程学和化学被认为是最有前景的学科，因为它们能够让人找到持久的、适应性强的职业。因此要想未来工作有保证，应选择工程学或化学。故选D项。6．What’sthestudents’attitudetowardstheirchosencourses?A．Doubtful. B．Worried.C．Optimistic. D．Objective.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“StudentspolledbyPearsonCollegewerebroadlyoptimisticthattheirchosencourses...”可知，学生对所选择的课程持乐观态度。故选C项。7．Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwords?A．Itisfarawayfromthetruth.B．It’stothetruth.C．Itcouldn’tbeclosertothetruth.D．Itreflectsthetruth.解析：选A。句意猜测题。根据画线部分前的“Shesaidthatinpreviousdecadesstudentswouldonlytakemathsorscienceiftheywantedtopursueaspecificcareersuchasmedicineorpharmacy...”并结合画线部分前的转折连词及时间状语“butnowadays”可推知，此句表明，如果你想把医学或药剂学作为特定的职业，在前10年你只需选择数学和自然科学这两门课就够了，但是现在仅仅选择这两门课是远远不够的。因此，画线部分的意思是“现在这是很不符合实际情况的”。故选A项。8．WhatdidNickyMorganindicateinherclaim?A．Ifyouwanttodosomedifferent，theartsandhumanitiesarewhatyouchoosenow.B．STEMsubjectscanmakeyoungpeoplechoosetheirfuturejobsfreely.C．Atcollege，youngpeopleshouldmakechoicesfortheirlives.D．Mathsandscienceareconsideredtobethesubjectsthatemployersvaluemost.解析：选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“...thesubjectsthatkeepyoungpeople’soptionsopenandunlockdoorstoallsortsofcareersaretheSTEM(science，technology，engineeringandmaths)subjects.”可知，STEM课程为学生能够自由选择各种职业提供了可能。故选B项。2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型专题突破五语法填空强化训练(xx·青岛高三统一质量检测)LastFridayastormsweptthroughtwovillagesintheNewTerritories，1.____________(destroy)fourteenhomes.Sevenothersweresobadlydamaged2.____________theirownershadtoleavethem，andfifteenothershadbrokenwindowsorroofs.Onepersonwaskilled，severalwere3.____________(serious)hurtandtakentohospital，andanumberofotherpeoplereceivedsmallerhurt.Altogetherovertwohundredpeoplewerehomelessafterthestorm.Afarmer，Mr.Tan，saidthatthestormbeganearly4.____________themorningandlastedforoveranhour.“I5.____________(eat)withmywifeandchildren，”hesaid，“whenweheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslaterourhousefelldownontopofus.Wetriedourbest6.____________(climb)outbutthenIsawthatoneofmychildrenwas7.____________(miss)．Iwentbackinsideandfoundhim，safe8.____________veryfrightened.”Mrs.WooMeiFongsaidthatherhusbandhadjustleftforworkwhenshe9.____________(feel)thatherhousewasmoving.Sheranoutsideatoncewithherchildren.Soldiershelpedtotakepeopleoutofthefloodedareaandthewelfaredepartmentbrought10.____________(they)food，clothesandshelter.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一场暴风雨对当地造成的破坏。1．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，destroy在句中是非谓语动词，作结果状语，与句子主语“astorm”是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填destroying。答案：destroying2．解析：考查结果状语从句。根据句意可知，本句是由“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句。故填that。答案：that3．解析：考查词性转换。空格处在句中修饰动词“hurt”，应用副词形式。故填seriously。答案：seriously4．解析：考查介词。此处意为“在早上”，inthemorning为固定短语。故填in。答案：in5．解析：考查动词的时态。根据上段可知，此处表示暴风雨发生时，Tan先生一家正在吃饭，应用过去进行时。故填waseating。答案：waseating6．解析：考查固定短语。tryone’sbesttodosth.是固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”。故填toclimb。答案：toclimb7．解析：考查词性转换。根据句意可知，空格处在句中作表语，意为“找不到的，不见了的”。故填missing。答案：missing8．解析：考查连词。“safe”和“frightened”都是形容词，但意思相反。故填连词but表示转折。答案：but9．解析：考查动词的时态。根据主句中的谓语动词“hadjustleft”可知，空格处应用一般过去时的主动形式。故填felt。答案：felt10．解析：考查代词。bringsb.sth.是固定用法，意为“给某人送来……”。故此处用they的宾格them。答案：themB(xx·南昌二模)MyinterestinChinesefoodstartedyearsago，whenIwasayoungreporterfortheWashingtonPost.Ourofficewasn’tfar1.____________Chinatown，whereIfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants.ThefirsttimeIeverateChinesefood，Ilovedit.I2.____________(notice)thefreshtasteofthemeatandvegetables.WhenIlearnedmoreaboutthefood，Ibegantounderstandwhy3.____________hasthisspecialfeature.Manyyearsago，Chinahad4.____________energycrisisbecauseitlostmuchofitswoodduetooverpopulationandpoor5.____________(manage)ofitsforests.Thislosswasverybadforthecountry，ofcourse，butitturnedouttobeverygoodforthefood.Woodbecameveryexpensiveandhardtoget，sotheChinesehadtoeitherfindasubstitutefortheir6.____________(value)wood，orlearnhowtouseitbetter.Thereweren’tanysubstitutessopeoplefoundwaystoeconomize.Inordertoeconomizein7.____________(cook)，theyhadtouseverylittlewood.Sotheystartedcuttingtheirmeatandvegetablesintosmallpiecesbeforetheyputtheminthehotoil.Thatway，thefoodcooked8.____________(fast)andtheysavedmorefuel.Thefood9.____________(prepare)inthiswaykeptitsfreshflavor—andit’sthisflavor10.____________attractspeoplefromothercountriestotheartofChinesecooking.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者对中国食物的热爱和中国烹饪的由来。1．解析：考查介词。句意：我们的办公室离唐人街不远……befarfrom意为“离……远”，符合句意。故填from。答案：from2．解析：考查动词的时态。根据上下文的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填noticed。答案：noticed3．解析：考查代词。句意：当我对这种食物了解得更多时，我开始明白为什么这种食物会如此特别。空格处与前一分句中的“thefood”为同一事物，为了避免重复，故用代词“it”指代“thefood”。故填it。答案：it4．解析：考查冠词。句意：多年以前，中国发生了一次能源危机……空格处修饰“energycrisis”，表泛指，crisis在该句中为可数名词单数，且“energy”的读音以元音音素开头，因此填不定冠词an。答案：an5．解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的形容词poor及空格后的介词of可知，空格处应为名词。故填management。答案：management6．解析：考查词性转换。空格后是名词wood，因此应用所给词的形容词形式修饰wood。故填valuable。答案：valuable7．解析：考查词性转换。介词in后用名词、代词或动名词。cook作名词时意为“厨师”，不合句意，因此要用其动名词形式cooking，意为“烹饪”。句意：为了在烹饪时能节省能源，他们不得不少用木头。故填cooking。答案：cooking8．解析：考查副词的比较级。“thefoodcooked____________”与and后的“theysavedmorefuel”是并列关系，故此处也应用副词fast的比较级faster。句意：那样，食物就煮得快些，他们就能节省更多的燃料。故填faster。答案：faster9．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是kept，故prepare是非谓语动词。prepare与主语Thefood之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用其过去分词形式。故填prepared。答案：prepared10．解析：考查强调句结构。根据句中的it’s可先假定本句为强调句，因此去掉it’s和空格后，剩余部分为“thisflavorattractspeoplefromothercountriestotheartofChinesecooking”。此句成分和意义都完整。由此可知，本句是一个强调句，被强调部分为主语“thisflavor”。强调句型的基本结构为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”。故填that。句意：正是这种味道吸引了其他国家的人来品味中国饮食文化。答案：thatCCamelscertainlylikeeatinggreengrass，notdrygrass.But1.____________(strange)，camelsalwayskeeplookingfordrygrass2.____________theirstomachsarefilledup.Aclassmateof3.____________(I)whosehomeisontheedgeofTurpanBasininXinjiangtoldmehishomehastwocamels；hesaidyoucouldimagineacamel’sappetite，foritcanslowlyswallowdozensofkilogramsofhay(干草)．Iaskedhim4.____________camelseathay，notgreengrass.Hesaidthecamelisakindofanimalwith5.____________strongsenseofsuffering，6.____________(fear)itsmasterlettingittravelthroughthedesertthenextday，andthehayinitsstomachismorehunger－resistant7.____________greengrass.Thecamelhasthebesttolerance.Unfortunately，manypeoplecanonlyseeacamel’soutstandingperformance，butfewunderstandits8.____________(prepare)madeforit.Life，9.____________acameltravelingthroughthedesert，10.____________(need)theadequateaccumulation，butnoteveryonecanunderstandit.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沙漠动物骆驼的一些奇特之处。1．解析：考查副词。根据空格后的逗号提示可知，空格处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词形式。故填strangely。答案：strangely2．解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空格前后两句在逻辑上表示时间上的顺接关系，故填连词until/till/before。答案：until/till/before3．解析：考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。根据提示词可知，此处指“我的一位同学”，故填名词性物主代词mine。答案：mine4．解析：考查连词。根据第一段的内容可知，骆驼喜欢吃青草，此处是作者对骆驼吃干草心存疑问，故填连词why引导宾语从句。答案：why5．解析：考查冠词。固定搭配：asenseof...意为“一种……感”，此处表示泛指。故用不定冠词a。答案：a6．解析：考查非谓语动词。fear和句子谓语“is”之间没有连词，故用其非谓语形式，且fear与其逻辑主语“camel”构成逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词作状语。答案：fearing7．解析：考查介词。根据上文“more”可知，此处表示比较的概念，故用比较级介词than，符合语境。答案：than8．解析：考查词性转换。“its”是形容词性物主代词，作定语修饰名词，故用prepare的名词形式；而且骆驼为穿越沙漠作了多次准备。故填其复数形式preparations。答案：preparations9．解析：考查介词。根据语境“acameltravelingthroughthedesert”可知，此处为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，在句子中作状语。like作介词时，意为“像”，符合语境。答案：like10．解析：考查主谓一致。此处need是句子的谓语，其单复数形式应与主语“Life”保持一致，且此处是陈述一般状态，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式needs。答案：needsDDavidwillneverforgetwhathappenedtohimthedaybeforeyesterday.He1.____________(eat)somethingathomewhenhereceivedastrangephonecallfromahospital.Thecallersaidthathisson2.____________(fall)tothegroundunconsciousonthewaytoschool.Itwashe3.____________tookhimtothehospital.Davidhunguphiscellphoneandrushedtohisson’sclassroom，onlytofindhimlisteningtotheteacherattentively.Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadbeencheated，buthefelt4.____________(relieve)．Justatthattimethephonerangagain，saying，“Yoursonisingreatdangerandheneeds5.____________immediateoperationwhichcosts48，000yuan.Thedoctorsheresaytheywillnotoperate6.____________yoursonuntiltheyreceivethemoney.”When7.____________(ask)fromwherethecallerhadtakenhissontohospital，thecallerrangoff.Davidgaveabigsmileandsaid，“Whatapity！”IfthecheaterthoughthecouldgetmoneyfromDavidinsucha(n)8.____________(honest)way，hewaswrong.Suchphonecallsaremonthesedays.Afewofthemmighthavefallenvictimstosuchtricks.Mostparentsaresensitiveto9.____________.Itwasreallysillytocheatwell－educatedmenlikeDavid.Believeitornot，it’satruestory.The10.____________(colleague)inhisofficecanconfirmit，suchasTom，Peterandsoon.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。电话诈骗现象现在屡见不鲜，David就遇到过一次，有人骗他说他的儿子受伤入院，需要立刻交钱做手术。但是David识破了骗子的伎俩。作者认为，大多数家长对此类骗局很敏感，要骗像David这样受过良好教育的人很难。1．解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他正在家里吃东西，这时他接到一个从一家医院打来的电话。“bedoing...when...”是固定句型，意为“正在做……这时……”，符合句意；由从句中的“received”可知，此处应用过去进行时，故填waseating。答案：waseating2．解析：考查动词的时态。因为从句谓语动词“fall”发生在主句谓语动词“said”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填hadfallen。答案：hadfallen3．解析：考查强调句型。句意：就是他把他(David的儿子)送到医院的。分析句子结构可知，本句属于强调句，被强调的成分是句子的主语“he”。强调句的基本结构为“itis/was＋被强调成分＋that＋其余部分”。如果被强调部分是人时，可以用who替换that。故填who/that。答案：who/that4．解析：考查词性转换。句意：他突然意识到自己被骗了，但是他感到如释重负。“felt”在本句中是系动词，其后应用形容词，故填relieved，意为“感到宽慰的，放心的”。由－ed分词转化而来的形容词常用来修饰人，意为“感到……的”；而由－ing分词转化而来的形容词常用来修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”。答案：relieved5．解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构和句子大意可知，此处泛指“一个手术”，空格处缺少不定冠词，由于“immediate”的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。答案：an6．解析：考查介词。operateonsb.是固定短语，意为“给……做手术”。故填on。答案：on7．解析：考查省略句。分析句子结构可知，本句属于省略句。在以if，when，though，asif等连词引导的从句中，如果主从句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，常将从句中的主语和be动词省略。根据这一原则可知，从句省略了“thecallerwas”。由于动词“ask”与其主语“thecaller”之间是被动关系，故填asked。答案：asked8．解析：考查形容词。根据上段可知，打电话的人想骗David的钱。因此填dishonest，意为“不诚实的，骗人的”。答案：dishonest9．解析：考查代词。短语besensitiveto意为“对……敏感”。由此结合上句可知，空格处缺少宾语them，代替前一句中的“suchtricks”。故填them。答案：them10．解析：考查名词复数。根据句中“suchasTom，Peterandsoon”可知，本句说的是好几个同事，应用复数。故填colleagues。答案：colleaguesE(xx·洛阳统一考试)ItwasabadnightforLouis.Hisresearchintheneighboringtowntook1.____________(long)thanhehadexpected.Itwaslateandhewasverytiredwhenhe2.____________(drive)home.Heturnedintohisbuilding’sparkinglot，3.____________allthespaceswerefull.Hedrovebackoutontothestreet，4.____________(look)foraparkingspace.Thefirstblockwasfull.Thenextblockwasalmostempty.Louisdidn’tseeano－parkingsign，buthesuspectedthatifparkingwereallowedthere，mostofthespaceswouldbefilled.Thenhesawasmallparkinglotwithtwofree5.____________(space)．Hewassogladtoseethem6.____________hedidn’teventhinktoreadthesignbytheentrance.Hedrovein，parked，and7.____________(hurry)hometogotobed.Thenextmorninghewentbacktothelot8.____________(get)hiscar.Itwasgone.Heranhomeandtelephonedthecitypolicetosaythathiscarhadbeenstolen.Ittookthepoliceonlyaminutetotell9.____________(he)whathadhappened.Hiscarhadbeenonaprivatelot.Ithadbeentaken10.____________bythepolice.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Louis下班回家后找停车位及第二天发生的故事。1．解析：考查比较级。空格后有比较级符号than，故空格处应填写long的比较级形式longer。答案：longer2．解析：考查动词的时态。故事发生在过去，本句也是在描述那天晚上的事情，所以空格处应用一般过去时。故填drove。答案：drove3．解析：考查并列连词。根据空格后“allthespaceswerefull”可知，此处指Louis进入停车场后，却发现停车位都满了。空格前后句之间表示转折关系。故填but。答案：but4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处与主句谓语“droveback”之间没有连词，故空格处应使用非谓语动词。主语He与look之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式looking作伴随状语。故填looking。答案：looking5．解析：考查名词复数。根据上一句中的“spaces”可知，space在此处作可数名词，意为“停车(空)位”。空格前有two，所以空格处应为复数。故填spaces。答案：spaces6．解析：考查结果状语从句。句意：Louis太高兴了，(以至于)没想过要去看看入口处的指示牌。结合空格前的“soglad”可知，空格处应填that，构成“so...that...(如此……以至于……)”的固定结构。故填that。答案：that7．解析：考查动词的时态。根据空格前的“Hedrovein，parked，and”可知，此处表示过去的连续动作，是并列关系，故空格处应用一般过去时。故填hurried。答案：hurried8．解析：考查非谓语动词。本句表示Louis第二天去停车场取车。空格处应用不定式结构作目的状语。故填toget。答案：toget9．解析：考查代词。空格前有动词tell，其后缺少宾语，因此此处应用he的宾格him。故填him。答案：him10．解析：考查副词。上文提到Louis发现车不见了，报警后警察作出解释，因为Louis把车停在了私人停车场，所以他们把车拖走了。takeaway是固定短语，意为“拿走”，符合句意。故填away。答案：awayFBritishfamiliesstartedgoingonholidaytotheseasidearoundthemiddleofthe19thcentury.The1.____________(invent)oftherailwaysmadethispossible.Thefirstholidaymakers2.____________(be)quiterichandwentfortheirhealthandeducation.Theseasidewasaplacetocurepeopleofillness.Anddoctorsremendedbathingintheseaanddrinkingseawater.Atthattimeordinaryworkingpeoplehadverylittletimeoffwork.3.____________，in1871，thegovernmentintroducedfor“BankHolidays”，thatisnationalholidays.Thisallowedpeople4.____________(have)adayortwooutnowandthen，5.____________gavethematasteforleisureandseaside.Atfirst，theywentonadaytrip，takingadvantage6.____________specialtripticketsontherailways.Bythe1880s，7.____________(rise)inesmeantthatmanyordinaryworkersandtheirfamiliescouldhaveholidayattheseaside.Welfarewasreducedandcheaphotels8.____________(build)forthem.Holidaymakersenjoy9.____________(sit)onthebeach，bathingintheseaandeatingicecream.Cheapentertainmentwasonofferandholidaymakerswenttohavefun.Today10.____________Englishseasideremainspopularwithmorethan18millionholidaystakenthereeachyear.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国海边旅游度假的发展史。1．解析：考查词性转换。定冠词the一般用来修饰名词，且与介词of相呼应，故用所给词的名词形式invention。答案：invention2．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。与语境中“andwent”呼应可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语是“Thefirstholidaymakers”，表示复数概念，故填were。答案：were3．解析：考查副词。根据空格前一句中“hadverylittletimeoffwork”和空格后“introducedfor‘BankHolidays’”可知，所填词前后两句之间是逻辑上的转折关系，又根据所填词后的逗号可知，此处应填副词。由于所填词在句首，首字母应大写。故填However。答案：However4．解析：考查固定词组。固定词组搭配：allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”，符合语境，故用不定式结构tohave作allowed的宾语补足语。答案：tohave5．解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代其前整个句子，符合语境。故填which。答案：which6．解析：考查介词。takeadvantageof为固定搭配，意为“利用”，符合语境。故填介词of。答案：of7．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处空格后面是名词“ines”，故应用rise的－ing形式作前置定语，意为“日益增长的，上升的”，符合语境。故填rising。答案：rising8．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。与语境“Welfarewasreduced”呼应可知，此处用一般过去时，且build和其主语“cheaphotels”构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即werebuilt。答案：werebulit9．解析：考查非谓语动词。enjoydoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“乐意做某事”，故用所给词的现在分词形式作宾语。故填sitting。答案：sitting10．解析：考查冠词。seaside不是第一次在文章中出现，其前应用定冠词the修饰，表示特指，符合语境。故填the。答案：the语法填空(二)AWhenJackwasasmallboy，hewasonceaskedtogiveaspeechabout“ABigChallengeinMyLife”．Totalkbeforethewholeclass，hewas1.____________(terrible)shythemomenthethoughtofsomanyeyes2.____________(stare)athim.Hehadnotanyother3.____________(choose)，though.FirstJackwastodraftthespeech，whichwasjustapieceofcakeforhimbecausehewasagoodwriter.Butthehardpart4.____________(lie)inhisoralpresentation，foritwasnotallowedtoreadfromthepaper.Hehadtogivethespeech5.____________hismemoryandinfrontofsuchabigaudience!ArealtrialbeganwhenJackstoodontheplatformwithhislegstremblingandhismindblank.Howmuchtimehadpassedby，hedidn’tknow.Hislistenerswerestillwaitingpatientlyandwithoutanysignsoflaughing.Graduallyhefoundhimselfback，6.____________(give)outhisspeechwithoutmuchdifficulty.Afterwhatseemedtobeahundredyears，hefoundtheaudienceapplauding.Hemade7.____________！Fromthenon，hisfearoftalkingbeforeanaudiencedisappeared.Actuallywithhisconfidence8.____________(build)up，Jacknowturnsouttobeagreatspeaker.Asweknow，thegreaterdifficultywemeetonourwayto9.____________(succeed)，the10.____________likelywewillbetoachieveourgoals.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Jack小时候非常害羞，不敢在公开场合演讲。一次题为“人生中的一次大挑战”的演讲经历，帮助他战胜了胆怯，赢得了自信，并使他最终成为一名优秀的演说家。1．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，“terrible”在句中用来修饰形容词“shy”，需用其副词形式。故填terribly。答案：terribly2．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“stare”在句中作“eyes”的后置定语，且与其逻辑主语“eyes”之间为主动关系。故填staring。答案：staring3．解析：考查词性转换。根据“anyother”可知，空格处需用“choose”的名词形式；又根据“anyother＋名词单数”结构可知，应填choice。答案：choice4．解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，“lie”在句中作谓语，意为“在于”，时态应用一般过去时。故填lay。答案：lay5．解析：考查介词。根据上文“foritwasnotallowedtoreadfromthepaper”可知，演讲的时候不允许照着稿子念，所以本句句意为：他不得不在这么多听众面前凭借记忆来演讲。故填介词from，与上句中“fromthepaper”构成对比。答案：from6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“give”所在分句在句中作状语，与句子主语“he”之间是主动关系，并与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。故填现在分词giving。答案：giving7．解析：考查代词。根据上句“hefoundtheaudienceapplauding”可知，本句句意应为：他成功了。故填it。makeit是固定习语，意为“获得成功”。答案：it8．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句考查“with＋宾语＋补语”的结构。因为本结构中宾语“confidence”与其补语之间是被动关系，并且补语动作已经发生，故应填过去分词built。答案：built9．解析：考查名词。在固定短语“onone’swayto”中“to”是介词，所以此处填名词success。答案：success10．解析：考查比较级。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的结构，意为“越……，就越……”，故填more，构成“likely”的比较级。答案：moreB(xx·河南六市第一次联考)Haveyouevernoticedthechairsyousit1.____________incafesandrestaurants？Mostpeopledon’tpayattentiontothecafechairstheyuse.However，thereisoneverysimpleandelegantlydesignedchair，2.____________(know)asthe“Frenchseries”．Thischaircanbeseenmoreoftenthananyotherchair.Theoriginalchairwastheresultofyearsofexperiments.Theinventorwantedtoproduceachairthatcouldbemass－producedandwasinexpensive，butitwasonlyaftermanytrialsthathefinallysucceededin3.____________(make)one.Thechairheinventedwasprobablythefirstonetobebothattractiveandinexpensiveenoughforanyonetobuy.Millionsofchairsofthistypehavebeenboughtsincethefirstonewentonsalein4.____________1930s.Allsortsofpeople，somefamous，someordinary，havesatonthechairsincetheoriginalwasinvented.Thereareseveral5.____________(reason)forthechair’senduringpopularity.Itisgreattositon，andit6.____________(look)good；thebasicdesignisstillfreshandcontemporary.Also，thistypeofchairseemstoimproveasitgetsolder.Theglue，7.____________holdsthechairtogether，loosensovertime，makingthechairevenmorefortable8.____________(sit)on.Afurtherreasonisthatthechairiscleverlydesignedwithonlyafewpiecesofwood，sothechairpartscan9.____________(send)anywhereandputtogether10.____________(easy)．Itisnowonderthistypeofchairhasremainedsopopular.Eventoday，furnituredesignersarestilltryingtocreateequallysuccessfuldesigns.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了法式系列座椅的历史和受欢迎的原因。1．解析：考查介词。此处是省略引导词的定语从句，先行词是“thechairs”，在定语从句中作不及物动词“sit”的宾语，空格处缺少介词。故填on。答案：on2．解析：考查非谓语动词。被修饰词“oneverysimpleandelegantlydesignedchair”与动词know之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词known作定语。答案：known3．解析：考查非谓语动词。succeedindoingsth.是固定搭配，意为“成功地做某事”。故填making。答案：making4．解析：考查冠词。固定搭配inthe1930s意为“20世纪30年代”。答案：the5．解析：考查名词的数。reason是可数名词，根据“several”可知，此处用名词的复数形式。答案：reasons6．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据前后句可知，此处应使用一般现在时，且主语“it”表示单数概念，所以谓语动词用单数形式。答案：looks7．解析：考查定语从句。先行词“Theglue”在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。答案：which8．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应使用动词不定式作状语表目的。答案：tosit9．解析：考查动词的语态。动词send与主语“thechairparts”之间构成被动关系，所以谓语动词应使用被动语态。答案：besent10．解析：考查词性转换。动词“put”应用副词修饰，easy的副词为easily。答案：easilyC(xx·江西赣州高三摸底考试)Tomanypeople，videogamingistheirhobby.Haveyoueverbeenso1.____________(absorb)inavideogameastoforgetsleepandmeals？putergame2.____________(design)oftencreateinterestingvideogamestotemptplayerstokeepplaying.Thesedays，manyemployeesplayvideogamesatworkeven3.____________theiremployershavesetrulestostopthemfromdoingso.Asamatteroffact，videogameaddictionisregardedasharmful，justlikeaddiction4.____________drugs，alcohol，orgambling，andshouldbetreatedwithcare.Intheplace5.____________peoplework，addictedplayersareoftenseenaslazy，notsick；theirbossesarenotsympathetictotheiraddiction.Iftheyhavebeencaughtseveraltimes6.____________(play)videogamesatwork，theirsalarymaybecut，andeven7.____________(bad)，theymaylosetheirjobs.Insomepanies，theaddictedplayers8.____________(allow)toplayvideogamesonlyonstressfuldays，buttheirbosseswillchecktheirputersfromtimetotimetomakesure9.____________theyaredoingtheirwork.However，whilesomepaniescontinuetofindsomemethodsofpreventingworkdayplaying，addictedplayersstillhave10.____________(they)ownwaystoenjoyplayingvideogamesduringworkinghours.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。玩电脑游戏是很多人的爱好，有的人甚至为此废寝忘食。一些上班族在工作的时候也禁不住诱惑，偷偷地玩电脑游戏，这给他们的老板带来了困扰，于是老板们想方设法阻止员工玩游戏。1．解析：考查固定短语搭配。根据句意“你曾经也沉溺于电脑游戏以至于废寝忘食吗？”可知，题干考查的是短语beabsorbedin，意为“沉浸于，沉溺于”。故空格处填absorbed。答案：absorbed2．解析：考查名词。结合句意“电脑游戏设计者们为了吸引人们一直玩，经常设计有趣的游戏”可知，题干需用动词design的名词形式designer(设计者)，且要用其复数形式。故空格处填designers。答案：designers3．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构及空格前的“even”可知，句意：即使雇主们规定禁止员工在上班时间玩游戏，但很多员工仍沉溺于此。题干考查短语evenif/though，意为“即使”。故空格处填if/though。答案：if/though4．解析：考查介词。空格前的“addiction”是关键词，由此结合语境可知，题干考查的是短语“addictionto...”，意为“沉迷于……”，为固定用法。故空格处填to。答案：to5．解析：考查定语从句。“____________peoplework”是定语从句，place是定语从句的先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where作为引导词。故空格处填where。答案：where6．解析：考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知，题干考查的是固定用法catchsb.doingsth.，意为“撞见或抓住某人做某事”，其被动形式为sb.becaughtdoingsth.。故空格处填写playing，在从句中作宾语补足语。答案：playing7．解析：考查形容词比较级。根据空格前的“theirsalarymaybecut，andeven”可知，此处表示比扣薪水更严重的惩罚，由此可知，题干考查的是bad的比较级形式。故空格处填worse。答案：worse8．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意“一些公司只允许员工在压力比较大的时候玩电脑游戏”可知，主语“theaddictedplayers”与谓语动词allow之间存在被动关系；由全文时态可知，应用一般现在时。故空格处填areallowed。答案：areallowed9．解析：考查宾语从句。空格处引导从句，作“makesure”的宾语，且该从句不缺成分，故用that引导该宾语从句。故空格处填that。答案：that10．解析：考查形容词性物主代词。结合句意及空格后的“ownways”可知，空格处应使用提示词的形容词性物主代词形式their。theirownways意为“他们自己的方法”。故空格处填their。答案：theirD(xx·太原二模)Whatshouldyoudoifyouarenotabletosleep？Thebestthingistotrytoavoidbadhabits.1.____________youalwaysgotobedandgetupataboutthesametime，thissetsa2.___________