英语中考词汇专项100例解析

英语中考词汇专项100例解析词汇是语言的基石，对于英语学习而言，其重要性不言而喻。中考英语对词汇的考查不仅在于识记，更在于理解和运用。本文精选中考英语核心词汇100例，按词性及考查频率分类解析，辅以典型例句与用法提示，旨在帮助同学们更高效地掌握这些词汇，为中考冲刺助力。一、核心动词(CoreVerbs)动词是句子的灵魂，中考对动词的考查频率最高，范围也最广，包括词义辨析、时态语态、固定搭配等。1.achieve(v.)达到，实现*例句：Sheworkedveryhardtoachievehergoal.*提示：常与goal,success,dream等名词搭配。2.afford(v.)负担得起（时间或金钱）*例句：Wecan'taffordtobuyanewcarnow.*提示：通常与can,could,beableto连用，后接名词或动词不定式。3.allow(v.)允许*例句：Myparentsdon'tallowmetostayoutlate.*提示：allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事；allowdoingsth.允许做某事。4.appear(v.)出现；似乎*提示：可作系动词，后接形容词或不定式。5.arrive(v.)到达*例句：Wearrivedatthestationatnoon.*提示：arriveat+小地点；arrivein+大地点。6.ask(v.)问；请求*例句：MayIaskyouaquestion?/Heaskedmeforhelp.*提示：asksb.sth.问某人某事；askfor请求；asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事。7.attend(v.)参加；出席*例句：Hewillattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.*提示：attendschool/class/church；attendameeting/concert。8.avoid(v.)避免*提示：后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。9.behave(v.)表现*例句：Thechildrenbehavedwellattheparty.*提示：behaveoneself举止得体。10.begin(v.)开始*例句：Themeetingwillbeginatnineo'clock.*提示：begintodosth./begindoingsth.开始做某事。11.break(v.)打破；损坏；休息(n.)休息*例句：Hebrokethewindowyesterday./Let'stakeabreak.*提示：breakdown出故障；breakup分手，解散。12.bring(v.)带来*例句：Pleasebringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.*提示：与take（带走）方向相反。bringsb.sth./bringsth.tosb.13.build(v.)建造；建立*例句：Theybuiltanewhouselastyear./Weshouldbuildagoodrelationship.*提示：过去式和过去分词均为built。14.buy(v.)买*例句：Mymotherboughtmeanewdress.*提示：buysb.sth./buysth.forsb.15.call(v.)打电话；称呼(n.)电话*例句：I'llcallyoulater./WecallhimTom.*提示：callsb.up给某人打电话；callon拜访某人。16.catch(v.)抓住；赶上；理解*提示：catchupwith赶上；过去式为caught。17.choose(v.)选择*例句：YouhavetochoosebetweenAandB.*提示：过去式为chose，过去分词为chosen；choosetodosth.19.continue(v.)继续*例句：Shecontinuedreadingafterashortrest.*提示：continuetodosth./continuedoingsth.20.control(v.)控制(n.)控制*例句：Hetriedtocontrolhisanger./Thecarisoutofcontrol.名词是构建句子的基本要素，中考考查重点在于词义理解、单复数、所有格及固定搭配。21.ability(n.)能力*例句：ShehastheabilitytospeakEnglishfluently.*提示：havetheabilitytodosth.22.advice(n.)建议*例句：Canyougivemesomeadvice?*提示：不可数名词，“一条建议”用apieceofadvice。23.attention(n.)注意*例句：Pleasepayattentiontoyourteacher.*提示：payattentionto(doing)sth.24.chance(n.)机会*例句：Everyonehasachancetosucceed.*提示：haveachancetodosth./bychance偶然。25.change(n.)变化；零钱(v.)改变*例句：Greatchangeshavetakenplacehere./Canyougivemesomechange?26.culture(n.)文化*例句：Weshouldlearnforeigncultures.27.difference(n.)不同*例句：What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwobooks?*提示：makeadifference有影响，起作用。28.difficulty(n.)困难*例句：Ihavesomedifficultyinlearningmath.*提示：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.29.education(n.)教育*例句：Educationisveryimportantforeveryone.30.environment(n.)环境*例句：Weshouldprotectourenvironment.31.experience(n.)经验（不可数）；经历（可数）*例句：Hehasrichteachingexperience./Shetoldmeaboutherinterestingexperiences.33.freedom(n.)自由*例句：Childrenneedmorefreedomtoplay.34.friendship(n.)友谊*例句：Truefriendshipisveryprecious.35.happiness(n.)幸福*例句：Moneydoesn'talwaysbringhappiness.36.health(n.)健康*例句：Goodeatinghabitsaregoodforhealth.*提示：beingoodhealth=behealthy。37.help(n.)帮助(v.)帮助*例句：Thankyouforyourhelp./HehelpedmewithmyEnglish.38.hope(n.)希望(v.)希望*例句：Thereisstillhope./Ihopetoseeyousoon.39.information(n.)信息*例句：Canyougetsomeinformationforme?*提示：不可数名词。40.interest(n.)兴趣；利息(v.)使感兴趣*例句：Hehasaninterestinmusic./Thebookinterestsmealot.三、多义词与熟词生义(PolysemousWords&FamiliarWordswithNewMeanings)这类词是中考的难点，要求学生在不同语境下准确理解其含义。41.address(n.)地址(v.)演讲；处理42.bank(n.)银行；河岸*例句：Idepositedmoneyinthebank./Wewalkedalongtheriverbank.43.book(n.)书(v.)预订*例句：Ineedtobookaticket.44.capital(n.)首都；资本*例句：BeijingisthecapitalofChina./Theyneedmorecapitaltostartthebusiness.45.course(n.)课程；过程；一道菜46.cover(v.)覆盖；包含；报道(n.)封面47.develop(v.)发展；培养；冲洗（照片）*例句：Thecityisdevelopingrapidly./Developgoodhabits./Ineedtodevelopthesephotos.48.express(v.)表达(adj.)快速的(n.)快车，快递49.fine(adj.)好的；晴朗的；健康的(v./n.)罚款*例句：It'safineday./Youwillbefinedforparkinghere.50.get(v.)得到；变得；到达；理解*例句：Igotaletteryesterday./Theweatherisgettingcold./WhendidyougettoBeijing?/Igetitnow!*提示：get构成的短语非常多，如getup,geton,getoff,getalongwith等，需重点掌握。51.hand(n.)手；指针；帮助(v.)传递52.head(n.)头；头脑；首领(v.)朝……前进*例句：Hehasagoodheadformath./Weareheadinghome.53.hit(v.)击打；碰撞；袭击；击中(n.)热门歌曲/电影*例句：Hehittheball./Thecarhitatree./Thesongisabighit.54.hold(v.)拿住；举行；容纳；坚持*例句：Holdtheline,please./Wewillholdameeting./Thehallholds500people./Holdontoyourdreams.55.interest(n.)兴趣；利息(v.)使感兴趣(见40)56.jump(v.)跳(n.)跳跃；激增*例句：Hejumpedoverthefence./Therewasajumpinprices.57.last(adj.)最后的；最近的(adv.)最后(v.)持续*例句：Thisisthelastquestion./Hearrivedlast./Themeetinglastedtwohours.58.leave(v.)离开；留下；遗忘；使……处于某种状态59.light(n.)光；灯(adj.)轻的；浅色的；明亮的(v.)点燃*例句：Thesungivesuslightandheat./Thisboxislight./alightbluedress/lightacandle60.line(n.)线；排；台词；线路(v.)排队*例句：atelephoneline/Standinline./Learnyourlines.四、形容词与副词(Adjectives&Adverbs)形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，是描述事物特征和动作状态的关键。61.able(adj.)能够的*例句：Sheisabletoswim.*提示：beabletodosth.=can(但时态更多样)。62.active(adj.)积极的；活跃的*例句：Heisanactivememberoftheclub.*提示：反义词inactive。64.alive(adj.)活着的；有活力的*例句：Heisstillalive./Thecityisalivewithmusic.*提示：常作表语或后置定语，不能作前置定语。65.angry(adj.)生气的*例句：Mymotherwasangrywithme.*提示：beangrywithsb./beangryat/aboutsth.66.badly(adv.)糟糕地；严重地；非常*例句：Hedidbadlyintheexam./Shewasbadlyhurt./Ibadlyneedyourhelp.67.beautiful(adj.)美丽的*例句：Whatabeautifulgirl!/beautifully(adv.)68.careful(adj.)小心的*例句：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.*提示：becarefulwithsth./becareful(not)todosth.；carefully(adv.)69.close(adj.)近的；亲密的(adv.)靠近地(v.)关闭70.deep(adj.)深的(adv.)深深地*例句：adeepriver/Hebreatheddeeply.71.different(adj.)不同的*例句：Theyhavedifferentideas.*提示：bedifferentfrom；difference(n.)72.easy(adj.)容易的*例句：Thisproblemiseasy.*提示：beeasytodosth.；easily(adv.)73.enough(adj./adv.)足够的/地*例句：Wehaveenoughtime./Herunsfastenough.*提示：形容词enough放在名词前，副词enough放在形容词/副词后。75.fas