人教版八年级上册英语unit3知识点及习题

同学们，八年级上册的英语学习已经进入到一个新的阶段，Unit3作为其中的重要组成部分，侧重于对人物性格、外貌及能力的比较，核心语法点是形容词和副词的比较级与最高级。这不仅是本学期的重点，也是未来英语学习中频繁使用的基础。下面，我们就来系统梳理本单元的知识点，并通过习题加以巩固。一、核心知识点梳理（一）重点词汇1.描述人物性格与品质的形容词：*outgoing(外向的)*quiet(安静的,文静的)*friendly(友好的)*kind(善良的)*funny(有趣的,滑稽的)*smart/clever(聪明的)*hard-working(勤奋的)*lazy(懒惰的)*serious(严肃的,认真的)*shy(害羞的)*brave(勇敢的)*helpful(有帮助的)*talented(有天赋的)*similar(相似的)*different(不同的)2.描述外貌的形容词：*tall(高的)-short(矮的)*heavy/fat(重的,胖的)-thin(瘦的)*long(长的)-short(短的)(指头发等)*young(年轻的)-old(年老的)*good-looking(好看的)*handsome(英俊的)(形容男性)*beautiful(美丽的)(形容女性)3.描述能力的形容词：*good(好的)-well(好地,健康的)*better(更好的/地)-best(最好的/地)*talented(有天赋的)*able(有能力的)4.常用动词及短语：*begoodat(擅长于...)*careabout(关心,在意)*makefriends(交朋友)*makesb.laugh(使某人发笑)*share(分享)*reach(伸手够到)*touch(感动,触摸)*break(打破)*laugh(笑)*cry(哭)*win(赢,获胜)*should(应该)（二）核心句型1.询问与描述人物特征：*Whatdoessb.looklike?(某人长什么样?)-侧重外貌。*Whatissb.like?(某人怎么样?)-侧重性格品质。*Sheisveryfriendlyandoutgoing.*Whatdoyouthinkofsb./sth.?/Howdoyoulikesb./sth.?(你认为...怎么样?)*Ithinksheisverykind.2.比较级句型(核心语法)：*A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.(A比B更...)*TomistallerthanJim.(汤姆比吉姆高。)*Mysisterismoreoutgoingthanme.(我姐姐比我外向。)*A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.*Herunsfasterthanme.(他跑得比我快。)*比较级前可以用much,alittle,alot,even等词修饰，表示程度。*Thisstoryismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.(这个故事比那个有趣得多。)*Sheisalittletallerthanhermother.(她比她妈妈高一点。)*"as+形容词/副词原级+as"表示"和...一样..."。*Heisastallashisfather.(他和他爸爸一样高。)*ShestudiesashardasMary.(她学习和玛丽一样努力。)*"notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as"表示"不如.../不像...一样..."。*Thisbookisnotasinterestingasthatone.(这本书不如那本书有趣。)3.关于朋友的看法与选择：*Ithinkagoodfriend...*Ithinkagoodfriendisgoodatsports.*Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.*Forme,agoodfriend...*Forme,agoodfriendlikestodothesamethingsasme.*Agoodfriendislikeamirror.*Friendsarelikebooks-youdon'tneedalotofthemaslongasthey'regood.（三）语法焦点：形容词和副词的比较级1.形容词比较级的构成：*规则变化：*一般在词尾加-er：tall-taller,short-shorter,young-younger。*以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r：nice-nicer,fine-finer。*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-er：happy-happier,funny-funnier,easy-easier。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个辅音字母再加-er：big-bigger,thin-thinner,hot-hotter,fat-fatter,sad-sadder。*部分双音节词和多音节词，在词前加more：outgoing-moreoutgoing,beautiful-morebeautiful,interesting-moreinteresting,important-moreimportant。*不规则变化：*good/well-better*bad/badly-worse*many/much-more*little-less*far-farther/further2.副词比较级的构成：*大部分副词是在形容词后加-ly构成，其比较级在前面加more：slowly-moreslowly,carefully-morecarefully。*少数副词的比较级变化与形容词相同：fast-faster,hard-harder,early-earlier,late-later。（四）常用表达*That'swhy...(那就是为什么...)*It's+adj.+todosth.(做某事是...的)*infact(事实上)*thesameas...(和...一样)*differentfrom...(和...不同)*aslongas(只要)*bringout(使显现,使表现出)*themostimportant(最重要的是)二、习题演练（一）词汇运用(根据句意及首字母提示补全单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空)1.Mybestfriendisveryo_______;shelikestalkingtoeveryone.2.Whoismoreh_______atschool,TomorPeter?3.Thisstoryisf_______;itmakesmelaugh.4.Mysisteris_______(tall)thanme.5.Sheisagoodstudent,andsheisvery_______(hard-working).6.Whoruns_______(fast),LucyorLily?7.Mymotheroftentellsmetocareaboutthe_______(poor).8.Heis_______(talent)inmusic;hecansingverywell.9.Thisbookis_______(interesting)thanthatone.Ilikeitbetter.10.Atruefriendreachesforyourhandand_______(touch)yourheart.（二）句型转换1.Tomistall.Jimistaller.(合并为一句)Jimis______________Tom.2.Mybrotherisoutgoing.Iammoreoutgoing.(合并为一句)Iam_____________________mybrother.4.Maryissmart.Lindaissmart,too.(合并为一句，用as...as...)Maryis_____________________Linda.5.Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.(改为一般疑问句)_______he______________playingbasketball?（三）单项选择1.—What_______yourbrother_______?—Heisfriendlyandhelpful.A.does;likeB.is;likeC.does;looklikeD.is;looklike2.Mybestfriendissimilar_______me.Wearebothoutgoing.A.toB.withC.asD.for3.Sheis_______thanhersister.Shealwaysgetsbettergrades.A.lazyB.lazierC.hard-workingD.morehard-working4.—Whois_______inyourclass?—IthinkTomis.Heisverytall.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest5.Agoodfriend_______caresaboutyouand_______youwhenyouareintrouble.A.never;leavesB.sometimes;helpsC.always;helpsD.often;leaves6.Thismovieis_______thanthatone.Idon'tlikeit.A.moreinterestingB.lessinterestingC.asinterestingD.themostinteresting7.Mymothermakesme_______milkeverymorning.Shesaysit'sgoodformyhealth.A.drinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drank8.Heis_______excellentbasketballplayer.Heplays_______basketballvery_______.A.a;the;goodB.an;/;wellC.an;the;wellD.a;/;good（四）完形填空(选做)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Lilyisvery5.Sheoftensharesherthingswithme.WhenIamsad,shealwaystellsjokestomakeme6.Sheisalsovery7.SheoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.Iamnotgood8English,butsheis.ShesaysIshouldpracticemore.Infact,sheisquitedifferent9meinsomeways.Shelikesreading,butIlikeplayingsports.However,wearestillgoodfriends.Becausewe10careabouteachotherandunderstandeachother.1.A.schoolB.troubleC.homeD.office2.A.tallerB.tallestC.shortD.shortest3.A.outgoingB.moreoutgoingC.quietD.quieter4.A.sameB.thesameC.differentD.difference5.A.selfish(自私的)B.kindC.lazyD.serious6.A.cryB.sadC.laughD.angry7.A.helpfulB.beautifulC.lazyD.shy8.A.inB.atC.forD.with9.A.asB.withC.fromD.to10.A.neverB.sometimesC.hardlyD.always三、参考答案及解析（一）词汇运用1.outgoing2.hard-working3.funny4.taller5.hard-working6.faster7.poor(thepoor表示一类人，穷人)8.talented(betalentedin有天赋)9.moreinteresting10.touches(and连接并列成分，主语为atruefriend，动词用三单)（二）句型转换1.tallerthan2.moreoutgoingthan3.doesn'thave4.assmar