初中英语：八年级英语下册Unit4知识点汇-总（人教版）

初中英语：八年级英语下册Unit4知识点汇总（人教版）1.重点动词allowv.允许allowsb.todosth.（允许某人做某事）beallowedtodo（被允许做某事）offerv.提供offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.offertodosth.（主动提出做某事）mindv.介意minddoingsth.（介意做某事）Wouldyoumind...?（你介意...吗？）worryv.担心worryabout=beworriedabout2.重点名词communicationn.交流→communicatev.relationn.关系→relationshipn.（人际关系）pressuren.压力→underpressure（在压力下）skilln.技能→socialskills（社交技能）固定搭配1.动词短语geton/alongwithsb.与某人相处geton/alongwellwith与某人相处融洽haveafightwithsb.与某人争吵talkwith/tosb.aboutsth.与某人谈论某事compare...with...把...与...比较lookthrough浏览，翻阅giveback归还hangoutwithsb.与某人闲逛workout解决；计算出cutout删除；停止2.介词短语insteadof代替，而不是inone’sopinion依某人看来asaresult结果inorderto为了sothat以便，为了as...aspossible尽可能...3.其他常用搭配toomuch+不可数名词太多toomany+可数名词复数太多muchtoo+形容词/副词太...beafraidof(doing)sth.害怕（做）某事beangrywithsb.生某人的气begoodat擅长bebadfor对...有害benervousabout对...紧张近义词辨析1.say/speak/talk/tellsay：强调说的内容，后接直接/间接引语Hesaid,“I’mbusy.”/Hesaidthathewasbusy.speak：强调说的能力、方式或语言speakEnglish/speakloudly/speakatthemeetingtalk：强调双方交谈，常与with/to/about连用talkwithfriends/talkabouttheproblemtell：告诉，后常接人作宾语tellsb.sth./tellastory/tellthetruth2.maybe/maybemaybe：副词，大概，也许，通常放句首Maybeheisright.（也许他是对的。）maybe：情态动词+be动词Hemayberight.（他可能是对的。）3.too/also/eithertoo：也，用于肯定句句末IlikeEnglish,too.also：也，用于肯定句句中（be后，实义动词前）IalsolikeEnglish./Iamalsoastudent.either：也，用于否定句句末Idon’tlikemath,either.4.each/everyeach：指两个或以上中的每一个，强调个体Eachstudenthasabook.（每个学生都有一本书。）every：指三个或以上中的每一个，强调整体Everystudentpassedtheexam.（所有学生都通过了考试。）区别：each可作代词，every只能作形容词Eachofushasadream.（√）Everyofushasadream.（×）5.problem/questionproblem：指需要解决的难题、困难mathproblem（数学题）/solveaproblem（解决问题）question：指需要回答的问题ask/answeraquestion（问/回答问题）重点句型What’swrong?=What’sthematter?=What’sthetrouble?（怎么了？）Whydon’tyou...?=Whynot...?（为什么不...？）Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?=Whynottalktoyourparents?You’dbetter(not)dosth.（你最好（不要）做某事）You’dbetterfinishyourhomeworkfirst.How/Whatabout...?（...怎么样？）Howaboutgoingshopping?=Whataboutgoingshopping?Couldyouplease...?（请你...好吗？）Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Wouldyoumind(not)doing...?（你介意（不）做...吗？）Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?易错点提醒allow的用法：正确：allowdoing（允许做某事）正确：allowsb.todo（允许某人做某事）错误：allowtodo（×）mind的用法：回答“不介意”时用：Ofcoursenot./Notatall./Certainlynot.回答“介意”时用：Betternot./I’msorry,but...instead与insteadof：I’llhaveteainsteadofcoffee.Idon’tlikecoffee.I’llhaveteainstead.instead是副词，常放句末insteadof是介词短语，后接名词/代词/动名词sothat与so...that...：Hespokesoloudlythateveryonecouldhearhim.Speakloudlysothateveryonecanhearyou.sothat：以便，为了（引导目的状语从句）so...that...：如此...以致...（引导结果状语从句）语法：1.情态动词could表示“能力”：指过去的一般性能力，用于描述过去能做某事IcouldswimwhenIwasfive.（我五岁时就会游泳。）比较：can表示现在能力，could表示过去能力表示“请求”：比can更委婉礼貌Couldyouhelpmewiththisproblem?（你能帮我解决这个问题吗？）表示“建议”：语气比should更委婉Youcouldasktheteacherforhelp.（你可以向老师求助。）2.反身代词形式：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves用法：enjoyoneself（玩得开心）hurtoneself（伤到自己）byoneself（独自地）Imyselffixedthebike.（我自己修好了自行车。）HetaughthimselfEnglish.（他自学英语。）作宾语，表示动作回到执行者本身作同位语，起强调作用固定搭配：3.动词不定式作宾语补足语结构：动词+宾语+todosth.常见动词：ask,tell,want,wouldlike,advise,allowMyparentswantmetobeadoctor.（我父母想让我当医生。）Theteacheraskedustoreadthetextaloud.（老师让我们大声朗读课文。）1.get(1)买getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.为某人买某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?=Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到，到达Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.（3）使，让，get+宾语+宾补使某人/某物怎么样Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.（4）(逐渐)变得…...Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?2.howabout/whatabout后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。（1）向对方提出建议或请求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?（2）向对方征求意见或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)询问天气或身体情况HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)谈话中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.4.a6-year-oldchild一个六岁的孩子6-year-old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典5.too...to…太……而不能……too后跟形容词或副词原形,to后跟动词原形,构成不定式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsb。Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(军队).他年纪太小，不能去参军。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too...to…可以与enoughto和so…that…转换.Sheistooyoungtodothework.=Sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.=Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.6.pay,spend,cost,take的区别（1）pay花费(多少钱),主语是人。sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.我上个星期花了5000买电脑。（2）spend花费(多少钱或时间)，主语是人。sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2个小时做作业。（3）cost花费(多少钱),主语是物。sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.这件夹克衫花费她200美元。（4）take花费(时间)，主语形式主语为It.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.刘红花了2个小时做作业。7.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep（1）sleep动词,睡觉,强调动作。Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡觉。（2）sleeping,sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”。Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。（3）sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的。Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。（4）asleep睡着了的。TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。（5）fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间。Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。（6）beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间。Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3个小时。8.open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Wouldyoumi