考研二外英语真题试卷及参考答案解析

考研二外英语真题试卷及参考答案解析考试说明：本试卷为考研二外英语通用真题，适配绝大多数外国语院校、综合类院校英语专业考研二外考试，考试时长180分钟，满分100分。题型包含词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、英汉互译、书面写作五大核心题型，贴合各校历年命题规律。PartⅠVocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thegovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasuresto______therisinghousingpricesinbigcities.A.restrainB.restrictC.retainD.reserve2.Onlywhenwefullyrealizetheimportanceoflifelonglearning______adapttotherapidlydevelopingsociety.A.wecanB.canweC.wecouldD.couldwe3.Theresearchteamhasmadea______breakthroughinthefieldofnewenergytechnology.A.considerableB.considerateC.consistentD.constant4.Itishightimethatwe______immediateactiontosolvetheenvironmentalpollutionproblem.A.takeB.tookC.willtakeD.havetaken5.Manyyoungpeopleprefertoworkinbigcities______abundantjobopportunities.A.inspiteofB.incaseofC.byvirtueofD.intermsof6.Theoldmuseum,______lastyear,hasattractedmillionsofvisitorssofar.A.renovatedB.renovatingC.torenovateD.beingrenovated7.Noonecandenythathardworkis______tosuccess.A.indispensableB.inevitableC.incredibleD.indefinite8.______youhaveanydoubtsabouttheexamrules,pleaseconsultyourteacherinadvance.A.ShouldB.WouldC.CouldD.Might9.Thecompany’sannualprofithasincreased______20%comparedwithlastyear.A.byB.toC.atD.for10.Whathesaidatthemeetingwasnot______withtheactualsituationoftheenterprise.A.consistentB.constantC.compatibleD.competent11.Sheisa(n)______writerwhohaspublishedmorethantennovelsinfiveyears.A.productiveB.creativeC.innovativeD.progressive12.Ifit______tomorrow,wewillcanceltheoutdoorsportsmeeting.A.rainsB.rainedC.willrainD.wouldrain13.Theprofessorrecommendedthateverystudent______enoughtimeinreadingprofessionalbooks.A.spendsB.spentC.spendD.willspend14.Theaccidentwas______tothedriver’scarelessdrivingandspeeding.A.attributedB.contributedC.distributedD.substituted15.Weshouldcherishthepeacefullifewearelivingnow,______manypeoplefoughtbravely.A.forwhichB.forthatC.whichD.thatPartⅡCloze(15points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesgiven.Readingisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoenrichourmindsandbroadenourhorizons.Inthedigitalera,people’sreadinghabitshaveundergonegreatchanges.Moreandmorepeoplechooseelectronicreading__38__traditionalpaperreading.Electronicreadingisconvenientandefficient,allowingpeopletoaccessmassivereadingresourcesanytimeandanywhere.__39__,italsohasobviousdrawbacks.Long-termscreenreadingisharmfultoeyesight,andfragmentedreadingmakesithardforpeopletoconcentrateonin-depththinking.Traditionalpaperreading,bycontrast,canbringpeopleamoreimmersiveexperience.Turningthepagesofabookmakesreadingaritualandpeacefulprocess,helpingreaders__40__knowledgesystematically.Althoughittakesmoretimeandspace,itismoresuitableforintensivelearningandprofoundthinking.Infact,thetworeadingmethodsarenotmutuallyexclusive.Weshould__41__theiradvantagesreasonably.Useelectronicreadingtoobtainfragmentedinformationandkeepabreastofsocialtrends,andtakepaperreadingasthemainwayofin-depthstudy.Onlybycombiningthetwocanweforma__42__andscientificreadinghabit.38.A.insteadofB.inadditiontoC.apartfromD.regardlessof39.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.Otherwise40.A.acquireB.requireC.inquireD.inspire41.A.utilizeB.realizeC.recognizeD.organize42.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.competitiveD.conservative（剩余10题省略基础重复题型，完整贴合考研二外难度梯度）PartⅢReadingComprehension(30points)Directions:Therearethreereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswer.Passage1Environmentalprotectionhasbecomeaglobalconsensusinthe21stcentury.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustrializationandurbanization,ecologicalproblemssuchasairpollution,watershortageandsoildegradationhavebecomeincreasinglyserious,threateningthesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.Governmentsaroundtheworldhaveintroducedaseriesofpoliciesandregulationstocontrolpollutionandprotecttheecologicalenvironment.Enterprisesarealsoactivelytransformingproductionmodes,advocatinggreenproductionandlow-carbondevelopment.Meanwhile,ordinarycitizenshavegraduallyimprovedtheirenvironmentalawareness,practicinglow-carbonlifeindailylife,suchassavingwaterandelectricity,sortinggarbageandchoosinggreentravel.Environmentalprotectionisnotasingletaskofthegovernmentorenterprises,butacommonresponsibilityofallmankind.Onlythroughjointeffortsofthewholesocietycanweeffectivelyimprovetheecologicalenvironmentandrealizetheharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanandnature.43.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbyindustrializationandurbanization?A.EconomicrecessionB.EcologicaldeteriorationC.PopulationexplosionD.Resourcesurplus44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasalow-carbonlifebehavior?A.SavingwaterB.GarbagesortingC.DrivingprivatecarsD.Greentravel45.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsenvironmentalprotection?A.PessimisticB.NeutralC.OptimisticD.DoubtfulPartⅣTranslation(20points)SectionAEnglishtoChinese(10points)Withtherapidprogressofscienceandtechnology,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbecomemorefrequentthaneverbefore.Languageisnotonlyatoolofcommunication,butalsoacarrierofculture.Learningasecondforeignlanguagehelpsusunderstanddifferentculturalbackgrounds,broadenourinternationalvisionandenhancecross-culturalcommunicationcompetence.SectionBChinesetoEnglish(10points)读书是提升自我、沉淀内心的最佳方式之一。坚持每日阅读，能够积累知识、开阔眼界，帮助我们摆脱浮躁，保持清醒的认知。在快节奏的现代社会，静心读书是一种难得的修行。PartⅤWriting(20points)Directions:Writeashortessayofabout150wordsonthetopicTheImportanceofPersistence.Youressayshouldincludethefollowingpoints:1.坚持是成功的基础；2.举例说明坚持的重要性；3.大学生应如何践行坚持的品质。参考答案及详细解析PartⅠVocabularyandStructure答案+解析1.【答案】A解析：restrain抑制、遏制（物价、情绪）；restrict限制（行为、范围）；retain保留；reserve预定、留存。句意为政府遏制房价上涨，选A。2.【答案】B解析：only+状语从句置于句首，主句需部分倒装，时态为一般现在时，选canwe。3.【答案】A解析：considerable可观的、重大的；considerate体贴的；consistent一致的；constant持续的。重大突破选A。4.【答案】B解析：Itishightimethat...从句用一般过去时，为虚拟语气固定用法。5.【答案】C解析：byvirtueof凭借、由于；inspiteof尽管；incaseof万一；intermsof就……而言。句意：年轻人凭借就业机会选择大城市工作。6.【答案】A解析：museum与renovate（翻新）为被动关系，过去分词作后置定语，表被动和完成。7.【答案】A解析：indispensable不可或缺的；inevitable不可避免的；incredible难以置信的；indefinite不确定的。努力是成功不可或缺的条件。8.【答案】A解析：Shouldyou...为虚拟语气倒装结构，相当于Ifyoushould...，表假设。9.【答案】A解析：increaseby+百分比，表示“增长了多少”；increaseto+数字，表示“增长至多少”。10.【答案】A解析：beconsistentwith与……一致，为固定搭配。11.【答案】A解析：productive多产的、高产的；句意：她是多产作家，五年出版十余本小说。12.【答案】A解析：if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时。13.【答案】C解析：recommend后宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)do，should可省略。14.【答案】A解析：beattributedto归因于；contributeto促成、贡献；句意：事故归因于司机粗心驾驶和超速。15.【答案】A解析：定语从句，fightfor为……奋斗，介词for提前，关系代词用which。PartⅡCloze答案38.A39.B40.A41.A42.APartⅢReadingComprehension答案43.B44.C45.CPartⅣTranslation参考译文英译汉：随着科技的飞速发展，跨文化交流变得前所未有的频繁。语言不仅是交流的工具，更是文化的载体。学习第二外语有助于我们了解不同的文化背景、拓宽国际视野、提升跨文化交际能力。汉译英：Readingisoneofthebestwaystoimproveoneselfandsettleone’smind.Adheringtodailyreadingenablesustoaccumulateknowledge,broadenourhorizons,getridofimpetuosityandmaintainclearcognition.Inthefast-pacedmodernsociety,readingquietlyisararef