不定式to do 作定语、状语 高一英语语法

高一语法讲解课件不定式作定语、状语Lookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicisedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.PresentationItrainedforalongtimetofly

airplanesasafighterpilot.As

weallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtoget

arelatedcollegedegree.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogo

intospace.

adverbialadverbialadverbialattributeattribute不定式作定语、状语一、不定式的定义：

不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone二、不定式在句中的功能：（一）作定语不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudent

tocometoschool.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Pleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.3.Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.2.当修饰的名词前有theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast,

以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworry

about.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything

等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.Practice1.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

2.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.3.Ihavealotofreadings__________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.tobecompletedtochangetocomplete4.Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.5.It’simportantforthefigures____________(update)regularly.tobeproducedtobeupdated（二）作状语不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。例：Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.目的状语:todo,inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.※不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。例：Isaidthattoencouragehim.（二）作状语3.结果状语：常与only,enough或too连用,用于“too...to”；“enoughto...”；“onlytodo”句型中。例：Hestudiedhardonly

tofailtheexam.

Heisoldenough

togotoschool.

Sheissoproudas

tolookdownuponothers.2.原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+todo”句型中。例：

I’mgladtoseeyou.

Shewasdisappointedtohearthenews.现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别例：1.Hewenthomeonly

tofindhisoldfriendGeorgeoutsidethedoor.2.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。Practice________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_______(find)itdidn’tfit.3.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedafterclass_________(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.4.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.5.Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.TomaketofindtohelptobetoldtofindPracticeRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicisedpartsaccordingly.Examples:In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.PracticeInspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.________________________________________________________________________Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday4.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.PracticeAstronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastostayhealthy5.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.6.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolAstronantshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoffCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal_________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,_______(use)currenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_____(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars