1780961731046-2026届河南省高三地理4月联考模拟试卷（含参考答案解析）第095套

2026届河南省通用高三地理4月联考模拟试卷（含参考答案解析）第095套学校：__________________班级：____________姓名：____________考号：__________________考试时间：75分钟满分：100分注意事项1．本试卷用于高三地理4月联考阶段性综合检测，重点考查区域认知、综合思维、地理实践力和人地协调观。2．答题前请填写学校、班级、姓名和考号；选择题请将所选选项填入答题栏，非选择题请在预留区域内作答。3．阅读材料、图表和文字说明时，应先判读空间位置、时间变化与要素关系，再组织答案。4．保持卷面整洁，使用规范地理术语；主观题按要点给分，观点合理且能结合材料分析可酌情给分。试卷结构与评分矩阵题号题型分值能力侧重1选择题2分图文判读与区位分析2选择题2分图文判读与区位分析3选择题2分图文判读与区位分析4选择题2分图文判读与区位分析5选择题2分图文判读与区位分析6选择题2分图文判读与区位分析7选择题2分图文判读与区位分析8选择题2分图文判读与区位分析9选择题2分图文判读与区位分析10选择题2分图文判读与区位分析11选择题2分图文判读与区位分析12选择题2分图文判读与区位分析13填空题2分基础概念与过程表达14填空题2分基础概念与过程表达15填空题2分基础概念与过程表达16填空题2分基础概念与过程表达17填空题2分基础概念与过程表达18填空题2分基础概念与过程表达19填空题2分基础概念与过程表达20填空题2分基础概念与过程表达21材料分析题15分区域综合分析与论证表达22材料分析题15分区域综合分析与论证表达23材料分析题15分区域综合分析与论证表达24材料分析题15分区域综合分析与论证表达一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。）河南某县位于伏牛山山前过渡地带，依托高速出入口和冷链仓储发展香菇、猕猴桃、中药材等特色农业。县域山地、丘陵、河谷平原相间，4月常见连阴雨与阶段性升温交替。完成1—3题。1．该县将冷链仓储布局在高速出入口附近，首要考虑的是（）A．靠近原料产地，便于集中采摘B．缩短外运时间，降低流通损耗C．接近消费市场，减少销售环节D．利用山区地形，形成天然低温2．与河谷平原相比，山前丘陵地发展猕猴桃种植的主要优势是（）A．土层更深厚，机械化程度更高B．地形封闭，病虫害完全消失C．坡面排水较好，昼夜温差较大D．灌溉水量稳定，洪涝风险更高3．4月连阴雨后若迅速升温，香菇生产基地最应加强（）A．棚内通风与湿度调控B．扩大露天晾晒面积C．停止采摘延长生长期D．增加化肥用量提高产量2026年4月上旬，豫北平原一次大风降温后，某地土壤表层失墒较快，冬小麦进入拔节孕穗期。农技部门提醒关注墒情、风蚀和病虫害。完成4—6题。4．该次天气过程后土壤表层失墒快，主要是因为（）A．气温持续偏低，蒸发增强B．风速较大，近地层水汽输送增强C．降水强度过大，地下水位急降D．云量增多，太阳辐射显著增强5．为兼顾保墒与防倒伏，小麦田间管理较适宜的做法是（）A．盲目大水漫灌，使田间长期积水B．结合墒情适量灌溉，并控制氮肥过量C．停止灌溉施肥，等待自然降水D．深翻土壤破坏根系，增加通风6．豫北平原春季风蚀风险较高的自然背景是（）A．地势崎岖，坡度普遍大B．土壤冻结时间长且多年冻土广布C．春季植被覆盖相对不足且大风较多D．海拔高，空气稀薄，降水全年稀少某研究小组调查黄河下游一处滩区治理工程。治理前，部分滩地依赖河漫滩土壤种植，汛期转移压力较大；治理后，沿堤建设生态缓冲带、避险道路和分散式污水处理设施。完成7—9题。7．黄河下游滩区土壤肥力形成与下列过程关系最密切的是（）A．冰川搬运沉积B．河流泥沙沉积C．海浪侵蚀堆积D．风力沉积砾石8．滩区建设生态缓冲带的直接作用是（）A．完全阻断洪水进入滩区B．削减面源污染并改善岸线生态C．显著抬高河床扩大耕地D．把所有农业用地改为工业用地9．避险道路在空间布局上应优先连接（）A．低洼居民点、高堤道路和安全安置点B．采砂点、深槽水域和景观码头C．远离村庄的荒滩和废弃坑塘D．主河槽中心线和水下沙洲郑州都市圈加强城际铁路、市域快线、物流园区与产业园区衔接，部分县市形成“通勤—产业—生活”复合廊道。完成10—12题。10．都市圈通勤廊道形成的首要条件是（）A．行政边界完全消失B．交通时间成本降低C．农业人口全部转移D．中心城区停止扩张11．在市域快线站点周边布局研发办公、商业服务和公共设施，体现的城市空间组织理念是（）A．以公共交通引导开发B．以采矿业决定城市形态C．完全分散式乡村聚落D．禁止土地混合利用12．物流园区从中心城区外迁至近郊交通节点，可能带来的积极影响是（）A．中心城区货运交通压力减轻B．城市公共服务水平必然下降C．物流企业完全脱离市场需求D．近郊土地利用效率必然降低二、填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分。每空1分。）13．4月联考期间，河南位于北半球中纬度地区，昼夜长短总体表现为昼渐______、正午太阳高度总体渐______。14．南水北调中线工程对河南沿线城市供水安全具有重要意义，其水资源跨区域调配主要缓解水资源______分布不均问题，同时要求受水区加强______利用。15．河流阶地常记录河流下切和地壳运动信息。若某河谷两侧出现多级阶地，通常说明该地经历了河流______与地面相对______的过程。16．判读大面积冬小麦长势差异时，可利用遥感影像获取植被指数信息；将影像、土壤、气象和行政边界叠加分析，主要借助______技术。17．新能源汽车零部件企业靠近整车厂布局，有利于缩短零部件运输距离、降低______成本，并增强企业间的______协作。18．豫东平原春灌若采用喷灌、滴灌等方式，可提高水资源______，并减轻大水漫灌造成的土壤______风险。19．县城作为城乡联系的重要节点，承接教育、医疗和商贸服务功能，有助于完善区域______体系，提升周边乡镇公共服务______。20．盐碱地综合治理应坚持“水盐调控、土壤改良、适生种植”相结合，其中排水降盐主要改变土壤盐分在剖面中的______，种植耐盐作物属于______利用。三、材料分析题（本大题共4小题，每小题15分，共60分。）21．阅读豫西山地小流域材料，完成下列要求。（15分）材料一豫西某小流域位于伏牛山南麓，主沟谷呈西北—东南走向。上游坡陡谷深，中游有坡耕地和林果地，下游为河谷村镇与小型产业点。当地推进水土保持、林下经济和民宿接待联动治理。材料二4月中旬，该流域春季旅游升温，茶园和药材基地进入田管期。当地拟在不破坏生态红线前提下，建设小型蓄水池、生态步道、初加工点和电商服务站。位置单元海拔范围坡度特征主要土地利用主要生态问题上游山地900—1500米坡陡沟深水源林、灌丛局部崩塌、径流汇集快中游丘陵450—900米坡面较长林果地、坡耕地水土流失、道路切坡下游河谷220—450米相对平缓村镇、菜地、加工点洪涝内涝、生活污水（1）说明该小流域上游水源林保护对下游村镇用水安全的意义。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）分析中游坡耕地改造为梯田或经济林地对水土保持的作用。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）指出下游农产品初加工点选址应重点避开的自然风险，并说明理由。（3分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）从生态保护和农民增收角度，提出该流域发展春季乡村旅游的措施。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22．阅读黄河下游调水调沙与滩区治理材料，完成下列要求。（15分）材料一黄河下游河道宽浅、泥沙过程复杂。某河段调水调沙期间控制流量过程冲刷主槽、塑造河势；非汛期加强滩区生态修复、道路维护和防洪宣传。材料二某滩区村庄多在较高自然堤和旧河道旁，耕地以小麦、玉米、花生为主。近年来推进高标准农田、湿地斑块和避险平台建设，并整治沿河排污口。年份主槽平均水深变化滩地耕作方式变化治理重点2022年局部加深小块分散为主清障、排污口排查2023年深槽连续性增强高标准农田试点生态缓冲带建设2024年河势趋于稳定节水灌溉比例提高避险道路与平台完善2025年主槽过流能力改善粮经轮作更规范湿地修复与监测（1）概括调水调沙对黄河下游主槽形态可能产生的有利影响。（3分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）分析滩区农业生产需要同时关注防洪安全和耕地质量的原因。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）说明建设生态缓冲带和整治排污口对黄河下游水环境的作用。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）从政府、村庄和农户三个层面提出汛期避险管理措施。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________23．阅读郑州都市圈产业与交通材料，完成下列要求。（15分）材料一郑州都市圈位于我国重要综合交通通道交会处。某市域快线开通后，中心城区、近郊组团、县城新区之间的通勤时间明显缩短。沿线布局电子信息配套、冷链物流、职业教育和公共服务设施，形成多个站点型功能片区。材料二4月联考前，某地理兴趣小组对三类站点周边用地进行了实地调查，发现不同站点在客流规模、产业联系和生活服务方面差异明显。站点类型距中心城区主导功能周边用地特征发展短板中心换乘站0—12千米综合交通、商务办公高密度商业、居住混合高峰拥堵、租金高近郊产业站12—35千米研发制造、物流集散园区厂房、仓储、人才公寓公共服务不足县城门户站35—70千米县域服务、农产品外运学校、医院、商贸街区客流波动大（1）分析市域快线开通对都市圈内部空间联系的影响。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）比较中心换乘站与近郊产业站周边用地功能差异，并说明形成原因。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）指出近郊产业站公共服务不足可能带来的问题。（3分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）为县城门户站提升服务县域发展的能力提出合理措施。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________24．阅读豫东平原农业绿色转型材料，完成下列要求。（15分）材料一豫东某县地处黄淮海平原，耕地集中连片，冬小麦—夏玉米轮作普遍。该县推广测墒灌溉、秸秆还田、农田林网和分布式光伏泵站，建设粮食烘干中心和农事服务中心。材料二4月冬小麦拔节孕穗，需水需肥增加。低洼地块易盐分返表，沙质地块保水保肥弱。当地拟通过数字化田管平台提高春季抗风险能力。地块类型主要限制因素推荐措施预期效果低洼偏盐地排水不畅、盐分返表暗管排水、淡水压盐、耐盐品种降低盐害、稳定苗情沙质地保水保肥弱、风蚀风险秸秆覆盖、滴灌施肥、农田林网减少失墒、提高肥效高产稳产田管理强度大、成本上升测墒灌溉、无人机巡田、社会化服务精准投入、节本增效（1）说明高标准农田建设对豫东粮食稳产的地理意义。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）分析低洼偏盐地春季盐分返表对冬小麦生长的不利影响。（3分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）评价分布式光伏泵站与测墒灌溉结合对农业绿色转型的作用。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）从数字化田管平台建设角度，提出提升春季农业抗风险能力的措施。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案与解析一、选择题答案题号123456789101112答案BCABBCBBABAA1．答案：B。解析：高速出入口便于快速外运鲜活农产品，降低周转损耗。2．答案：C。解析：丘陵坡面排水较好，昼夜温差较大，有利于猕猴桃品质形成。3．答案：A。解析：连阴雨后升温易形成高温高湿环境，应加强通风、控湿和病害预防。4．答案：B。解析：大风增强近地层空气交换，带走水汽，使表层土壤失墒加快。5．答案：B。解析：拔节孕穗期需水需肥，但应按墒情灌溉，避免氮肥过量诱发倒伏。6．答案：C。解析：春季植被覆盖不足且多大风