英语写作基础讲义

1、Writing for Practical Purposes,应用文写作,第一部分,文书写作,1、 Notices （通知）,mostly written to make known something about to happen or, sometimes, something that has happened. an announcement of a meeting, a party, a film or video show, a contest, a match etc.,Publicize social events; Report on matters of general

2、 interest to staff; Inform staff of instructions, change of plan, new systems and regulations; Make the staff confirm to certain arrangement.,Functions of Notices,Types （类型）of Notices,Notices circulated among those who are concerned（对内通知） Notices put on the bulletin boards（对外通知）,通知是用来告知大家已经发生的或者将要发生

3、的事情，比如：会议、晚会、电影和比赛等等。其格式一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成，内容一般包括时间、地点和活动内容说明等。其文字形式既可以按行排列，也可以按项排列。,Heading （标题） focus on the purpose; brief and clear; bold type; Use sub-headings if necessary,Body （正文） with no salutation; presented in complete sentences and short paragraphs; never use contractions,Name add signatur

4、e for notices for public display,Position（职位）,Date written in Date-Month-Year/Month-Date-Year; write month in letters rather than Arabic numbers.,Layout of Notices (5 parts),Main Parts of a Notice,Activity （活动） What is the notice about? Day of the weekDateTime When is the activity held? Place Where

5、is the activity held?,In English, the day of the week is written before the date, but in Chinese, the day of the week is generally put after the date. Although if the activity is to take place within the week, the day of the week often comes before the date : 本周五（10月21日）上午 in the morning, Friday, Oc

6、t. 21, For names of days of the week, you may either spell out the whole word (e.g. Tuesday) or use the abbreviated form (e.g. Tues.). It is also true for names of the month (e.g. October or Oct.).,Note 1,Abbreviated Forms (1) （星期缩写形式） Days of the week,Monday Mon. Tuesday Tue./Tues. Wednesday Wed. T

7、hursday Thu./Thur./Thurs. Friday Fri. Saturday Sat. Sunday Sun.,January Jan. February Feb. March Mar. April Apr. May May June Jun.,July Jul. August Aug. September Sep./Sept. October Oct. November Nov. December Dec.,Abbreviated Forms (1) （月份缩写形式） Months of the year,Notices for a lecture or talk shoul

8、d include background information about the speaker. Sometimes we may need to give other details such as people who are involved, or to whom the notice is meant for, or people who have something to do with the matter, etc.,Note 2,Sample 1:,Sample 2:,Sample 3:,Sample 4:,Practice:,A. Taking Sample 3 as

9、 model, write an announcement of a class meeting at 7:oo p.m., on Friday, May 5, in Room 102. B. Taking Sample 4 as model, write an announcement that students who have submitted their applications for studying abroad should contact Mr. Li for detailed information in the Department office on the morn

10、ing of May 2nd. C. 校工会通知：星期五（9月10日）下午4点全体教师在会议室开会，庆祝教师节。请准时参加。,Class Meeting,May 3, 2011 Date: Time: Venue: Everybody is requested to attend! Class Committee,Notice,April 30, 2011 Those who have submitted their applications for studying abroad should contact Mr. Li for detailed information in the De

11、partment Office on the morning of May 2nd. The School Study Office,NOTICE,All teachers are requested to meet in the school conference room on Friday, Sep 10 at 4 p.m. to celebrate Teachers Day. The School Teachers Union Sep. 8, 2011,2、 Note (便条）,是一种简单的书信，常见的有请假条、留言条等。一般包括： （1）日期 （一般不需要“年”） （2）称呼（如果是

12、家人或朋友可随便些） （3）正文 （大多简短） （4）谦称 （5）署名,Sample：,May 5 Mr. Liu, I have got a cold and cough badly so I cant go to school. Im writing to ask fro sick leave of two days. Encl. Doctors Certificate of Advice Your student, Li Ping,Useful Sentences:,Please give an extension of leave for three days. I beg to ap

13、ply for one weeks leave of absence from the 11th to the 17th instant, both days inclusive in order to look after my sick mother.,Practice:,3、Poster （海报）,是一种宣传广告。内容多为球讯、影讯等。簦出海报的时间常放在最后一行。,Sample 1:,Friendly Basketball Match Organized by the Students Union of our school, a friendly basketball match w

14、ill be held between Class 2 team and Class 1 team on the basketball court at 4 p.m. on Saturday, May 6, 2011. All are welcome to watch! The Basketball Club Thursday, 4 May,Sample 2:,The Hottest Film Name: Heroes Time: 7 p.m. Saturday, May 6 Place: The stadium Fare: 5 yuan Ticket Office: The school g

15、ate hall The School Students Union May 4,Practice:,A. Write an advertising poster for summer clearance sales. B. 上海第五中学将于2011年6月4日举行一次英语演讲比赛，请以学生会的名义写一则海报。,Good News Summer Clearance Sales,All the goods on show are sold at twenty percent discount. Please examine and choose them carefully before you

16、pay. There will be no replacement or refunding. You have been warned in advance. You are welcome to make your choice. Personal Shopping Service.,An English-Speaking Test,In order to improve the students ability to speak English, a school-wide English-speaking contest will be held in No. 1 meeting ro

17、om at 3:30 p.m. on May 4, 2011. Anyone who is willing to take part please go to your monitor and enter your name for it . The first ten winners will be given awards as an encouragement. All are welcome to be present at the contest. Students Union April 24, 2011,4、Found(招领启事),Found May 5,2011 I happe

18、ned to find a wallet. Loser is expected to come to the classroom of Class 2 to claim it Finder, Zhang Hong,5、Minutes(会议纪要),会议纪要一般是对会议、会谈中完成的记录进行一定整理后形成的摘要文字。其特点：格式简单、条理性强。往往分项目或条目列出。会议纪要有时起到备忘录的作用。它一般由三部分构成：标题、正文（包括会议的时间、地点、参加人员及会议摘要）和签名。,Sample 1:,The minutes of the Management Committee Meeting Dat

19、e: 2:00 p.m. on Thursday, 1 April, 2011 Place: Room 101 Beautiful Garden Hotel Attendance: Joe YU (General Manager) Wang Lai (Sales Manager) Discussion: 1. 2. Decision: Made by:,6、Memo（备忘录）,备忘录是一种录以备忘得公文。它的等级是较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，也可就某个问题提出自己的意见和看法。它的格式如下：,Memorandum,To: Leader of the student service depa

20、rtment From: Lin Ming Date: August 16, 2011 Made by: Wang Hong (secretary) Subject: in want of TV sets Dear Sir, I would like to remind you that we are in want of a TV set for each dormitory. As a university student, we need to get messages outside the campus. I hope you will pay attention to this p

21、roblem and solve it as soon as possible. Regards yours, Li Ming,Practice 1:,日期： 2011年5月18日 致：全体学生 自： 李刚 事由：暑期记者招聘 学生报正在招聘暑期兼职记者。条件应是本校在校学生，最好有过相关的兼职工作经验。工资待议。感兴趣者，请把简历通过email寄到学校报社,Practice 2:,You are Wang Jing, manager of an insurance company. You have noticed that some offices do not open on time

22、because of late arrival of some staff members, so you write a memo to heads of all sections.,Memo,To : All section heads From: Wang Jing (manager of Management Department) Date: 20 April, 2011 Subject: Punctuality I have noticed recently that some offices do not open on time because of late arrival

23、of some staff members, which causes inconvenience to customers and some bad feeling among those who arrive on time. As a nation-wide reliable insurance company, it does not allow this situation to go on any longer and effective measures must be taken by you to improve this situation.,7. Greetings（贺卡

24、）,written on greeting cards on special occasions such as Christmas, New Year or birthdays. usu. include: 1) the recipients name and the capitalized “To” before the name as well as a comma or colon after the name; 2) the message; 3) the senders name preceded by the prep. “from”.,Good Wishes,Best wish

25、es for a speedy recovery. Get well soon! Warmest Get-Well Wishes. Thinking of you in the hospital.,第二部分,书信写作,Notes,1. Written for all kinds of purposes, such as making an appointment, apology, invitation, request or expressing thanks, leaving messages, etc. 2. Usu. include: 1) the date without the y

26、ear, either with or without the day of the week; 2) the recipients name, with or without the word “Dear”; 3) the message itself; 4) the writers name.,3. Personal Letters: letters to friends and relatives. 4. Business Letters: not necessarily letters that discuss commercial matters; written to discus

27、s or deal with important matters, such as a recommendation, a job/school application, an inquiry, an invitation, a complaint, etc.,Structural Parts of Letters,The Heading(寄信人信息) including the senders name numberstreetcounty cityprovince/statezip codecountry) and the date (written below the senders a

28、ddress and above the body),The Inside Address(收信人信息) the recipients name on the left two line spaces below the heading,The Salutation (称呼) the greeting to the recipient; usu. Use the word Dear or My dear before the addressees name to show politeness.,The Body of the Letter (正文) the core of all busin

29、ess letters; one space line below the salutation,The Complimentary Close(结尾客套语) one or two lines below the body; from the middle place to the right half; with the first letter capitalized from the middle place to the right half; positions may appear under the signature,The Enclosure (Encl./Enc.)(附件)

30、 on the left lower hand of the paper,Difference(差异) in Heading,British Ms. Jennifer Stone, 20 Fairview Drive, Eastbourne, BN18 2BU, England.,American (no punctuation marks) Ms. Jennifer Stone 20 Fairview Drive Eastbourne, BN18 2BU England,About the Salutation(有关称呼),In letters to organizations or to

31、persons whose names you do not know, the following greetings are used: To whom it may concern: (when you authorize others to do sth. for you, e.g. take care of your flat when youre away or transact some business for you, so that they can show it to a variety of people whose identity is at present un

32、known; not used in a letter addressed to a specific office or official),Note,Dear colleague: (to a person who is of the same profession as the writer 2) the senders name; 3) the recipients name; 4) time; 5) place/venue; 6) R.S.V.P (abbreviated form meaning “please reply”, written at the bottom); 7)

33、Tel. No. for the invitee to give a reply.,Written in third person Contents are centered No specified number of words in each line Words are lined according to meanings No punctuation marks(标点符号) at the end of each line,Principles,Tones of Invitations,Serious, sincere, courteous,Useful Expressions(常用

34、句型,Id like to come to dinner. 非常希望共进晚餐 request the pleasure of 恭请 The favor of a reply is requested. 敬赐复函。 May I have the honor of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌，恭请光临。 I hope youre not too busy to come. 期望您能在百忙中光临。 Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience. 是否参加，请早日告之。,Sample 1:,2

35、0, Queens Rd., 5/F Hong Kong 13th May 2011 Dear Jane, It my birthday next Tuesday, May the eighteenth. Can you come to a party in my house? It starts at three oclock in the afternoon. I hope you can come Love Mary,Sample 2：,University of BALLARAT Professor Kerry Smith Vice-chancellor invites Mr. Ton

36、g Liu to a Special Dinner on Tuesday 22nd May, 2011 at 6:30 p.m. At the SHERATON HOTEL 20 Nathan Road, Kowlon, HongKong RSVP by Sunday, 20 th April 2011 To Gwenda McManus, University of Ballarat PO BOX 663, Ballarat Telephone: 61-33567502 E-mail: g.mcmanus balarat,Useful Sentences:,1. sb. Request th

37、e pleasure of your company at a dinner in honor of their parents Fiftieth Wedding Anniversary on at. at New Century Inn 102 Queen Road R. S. V. P,2. I take great pleasure in inviting you to 3. You are invited to attend a seminar entitled “” 4. Id like you and Tom to come to dinner on 5. we would lik

38、e to invite you to give away the prizes at the prize presentation ceremony, and to delivery a speech to the audience.,Practice：,Suppose your boss, Mr. Howard Binks, would like to invite Mr. and Mrs. Tim Smith, his clients, to a costume dance held at Holiday Inn at 9 p.m. on Friday, the 1st September

39、. He asks you write a letter of invitation for him.,2. Letter of Thanks,在英美国家，人们至今仍习惯写感谢信来表达自己最真诚的谢意。 感谢信最主要的特点是真诚。另一个特点就是切忌泛泛而谈，而应着重于具体的感谢事由。最后一个特点是及时。否则对方会对你的谢意大打折扣。,Sample:,April 12, 2011 Dear Professor Wang, it is just two months since I consulted with you about choosing my job and I want to assure you that I appreciate your help. Your advice has been invaluable, and I have followed the course you recommended, with gratifying results. I took the job and consider it the wisest step I could have taken. I would like to express