Grammar之过去分词4.ppt

1、Unit3,Grammar,The verb-ed form,Can you tell the function of the verb-ing in the following sentences?,The teachers encouraging words made all the students regain confidence.,The story he told us was very exciting.,I watched the athletes jumping from the diving board into the swimming pool.,the attrib

2、ute,the predicative,object complement,A verb-ed form can also serve as attribute , predicative and object complement. When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attribute clause. Now please tell the use of the verb-ed form in the following sentences.,I dont like canned

3、food; I prefer something fresh.,2. China has no time to lose to catch up with the developed countries in the world.,3. The man delivering mails to my office every day is a retired worker.,The verb-ed forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute. And a verb-ed can appear after a noun to mod

4、ify the noun like an attributive clause does.,Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ed form?,(1) We should drink water which has been boiled.,We should drink boiled water.,(2) They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once,They took the injured woman to the n

5、earby hospital at once.,(3) The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.,The kidnappers were using a stolen car.,(4) The dark-haired man went into the room.,The man who was dark-haired went into the room.,(5) The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.,The name mentioned in th

6、e letter was known to me.,(6) The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.,The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.,(1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.,(2)The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go

7、 to the party.,Look at the following sentences:,The verb-ed forms interested and excited in the two sentences are used as predicatives. They follow link verbs.,He tried to make himself understood by his students in class.,(2) I had my hair cut yesterday.,The verb-ed forms are used as the object comp

8、lements in the sentences.,The verb-ed form can express different meanings, that is, the passive and the past meaning. For example:,English is a widely used language. =English is a language which is used widely.,He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand, which makes his neighbours th

9、ink he is a well-educated man. = He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand, which makes his neighbours think he is a man who is well-educated.,passive,The ground is covered with fallen leaves when autumn wind blows. =The ground is covered with leaves which have fallen when autumn wi

10、nd blows.,Some countries like the USA and Japan are developed countries. = Some countries like the USA and Japan are countries which have developed.,past,A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.,The girl lay in bed lost in

11、 thought. = The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.,The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. = The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.,A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object and /or adverbial. Verb-ed phrases especially the passive ones can be used

12、 to express the time, the reason and the condition.,Can you rewrite the following sentences , using clauses introduced by when ,once ,because, if, unless?,Frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.,Because she was frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.,(2) Onc

13、e seen , it can never be forgotten.,Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.,(3) Unless invited , I will not go to the party.,Unless I am invited, I will not go to the party.,Grammar,(4) Given another five days, I could finish it in time.,If I was given another five days, I could finish it in tim

14、e.,(5) Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,(6) When told the news, he couldnt help crying.,When he was told the news, he couldnt help crying.,NOTE:,过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子 的主语保持一致.,The differences between ver

15、b-ed forms and the verb-ing forms:,(1)作状语：分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持 一致的情况下，如果分词和句子的主语之间在 逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，否则用现在 分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语，这 种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相 当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯 上不作伴随状语。注意比较下面的句子：,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. = When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,Kept in refrigerator, t

16、hese vegetables will remain fresh.,= If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.,= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.,After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, being exhausted.

17、 (误),After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.（正）,Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.,独立主格机构,(2) 作表语：一般来说，表示心理状态的动词 如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意 思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、 “使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、 “令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和 “感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的” 都是-

18、ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用 -ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关， -ing形式常和物有关。look, expression等词 作主语时常用-ed形式作表语，但有时要看具 体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别。,The news was very exciting. I was excited at it.,The book is interesting. He is interested in it.,The question is puzzling. His look is puzzled.,His expression was frightening. I was fr

19、ightened.,这类词有很多，如：,delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的,disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的,encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的,pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的,satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的,surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的,worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的,tiring令人疲倦的- tired感到疲倦的,boring 令人厌烦的-bored 感到厌烦的,(3) 作定语：过去分词做定

20、语与其修饰词 之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作 已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在 发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。,The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.,The building being built is a hospital.,The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.,Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mi

21、ning Company, known as 3M.,The key to solving the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers.,Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.,便于记忆-ed形式和-ing形式作表语及作 定语时的区别的句子：,I am interested in the interesting book.,He was excited at the exciting news.,The pa

22、rents were disappointed about their disappointing son.,Mr. Smith, tired of the boringspeech, started to read a novel.,(4)作补语：跟分词作宾补的动词有： catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。 在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补， 说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻 辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补， 表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻

23、辑 上的动宾关系。,There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard,When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.,Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.,Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents worri

24、ed.,NOTE:非谓语动词使用条件: 一个句子当 中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。 此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动 词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有：,Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here.,Judging from what he said, he is a southerner.,Taken as a whole, there is nothing important in his speech.,To tell you the

25、truth, I dont like English teacher.,To speak frankly, I dont agree with you about the case.,动词-ed的逻辑主语,链接高考,1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. （2000全国） Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out,2. _ the general state of his health, it may take him

26、 a while to recover from the operation. （2000北京春季）,Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given,3. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. （01全国）,A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,4. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV）,A. questioning B.

27、 have questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned,5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （05天津卷）,explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,6. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. （02全国）,begins having begun beginningb

28、egun,7. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police (05江苏卷),Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,8. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）,Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed,9._ time, hell make a fist-cl

29、ass tennis player. （03北京）,Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given,10. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well . （05湖北卷）,Ato spend Bspent Cbeing spent Dspending,11. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents . （04重庆）,worried B. to worry C. worrying

30、D. worry,12.A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏）,advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,13. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _vacation to China. (05北京卷),payingB. paid C. to be paidD. being paid,14. _ into use in April 2000, the hotli

31、ne was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）,Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put,15. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. （04广西）,C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard,A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear,_with the size of

32、the whole earth , The biggest ocean does not seem big at all （04湖北）,ACompare BWhen comparing,CComparing DWhen compared,_by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . （04辽宁）,AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted,18. When first_ to t

33、he market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II）,A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced,19. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海） A. recorded B. recording C. to be recordedD. having recorded,20. Sarah, hurry up. Im afra

34、id you wont have time to _ before the party. （04全国I） A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,21. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (2006全国),A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising,Consolidation,I. Multiple choice:,- Whats the language

35、_ in New Zealand?,- English.,speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak,2. The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.,produced B. producing C. to produceD. which produced,3. - Youd better have your sports jacket _. Its too dirty.,- Thanks. I will.,A. to washB. washedC. washingD. wash,4. Yeste

36、rday I heard a story _ by my friend.,A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell,5. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing.,A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating,6. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.,A. Exposed B. Having exp

37、osed,C. Being exposed D. After being exposed,7. Generally speaking, when _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.,taking B. taken C. to take D. to be taken,8. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.,having been written B. to b

38、e written C. being written D. written,9. Is this the watch you wish _?,to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired,10. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.,Having been told,B. Though he had been told,C. He was told D. Having told,II. Translation:,1. 这扇朝南的

39、窗户是破的。,The window facing the south is broken.,2. 我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。,Our head teacher is a woman loved by all.,3. 我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。,The letter that reached me today is from my brother.,4. 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。,She looked disappointed after she lost the game.,5. 从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮丽。,Seen from the top of the h

40、ill, the city looks significant .,6. 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。,Surrounded by his students , the professor sat there cheerfully .,Language points,1. figure out :,to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought:,+ question word,I cant figure out why h

41、e did it.,我不能理解他为什么做这件事.,Can you figure out the answer to question 5?,你能算出第五个问题的答案吗?,2. puzzle :,v. I + adverb or preposition; T,to feel confused and slightly worried,The findings of the survey puzzle me,调查的发现使我困惑.,+ question word,It puzzles me why she said that.,她为什么那样说使我很困惑.,n.,S a situation which

42、 is difficult to understand:,C a game or toy in which you have to fit separate pieces together, or a problem or question which you have to answer by using your skill or knowledge:,Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.,多年来科学家门一直在尽力解开这一谜底.,a crossword puzzle,puzzled adj.,confused

43、 because you do not understand something:,He had a puzzled look on his face.,Im still puzzled as to why she said that.,Im a bit puzzled that I havent heard from Tom for so long.,他脸上有一丝感到困惑的表情.,至于她为什么那样说我仍然感到困惑.,我很久没有收到Tom的来信我感到困惑.,puzzling adj.,difficult to explain or understand:,Eg. Its a rather puzzling film.,a puzzling situation,3. cautious :,1) describes someone who avoids risks:,2)