句子成分yin.ppt

1、了解句子成分，掌握高考考点，可以提高理解能力，提升做题速度！,句子成分语法专项-重难点： 了解并能辨认句子成分：主语、谓语、定语、状语、补语 掌握系动词 掌握并列连词 掌握简单句 掌握复合句,句子成分 谓语动词是句子必须的成分。下面哪些是谓语？ 1） He is learning English. 2)The girl standing near the window works hard at her lessons. 3)He was called Tom. 4)The boy called Tom was honest. 5)Having been told many times , t

2、he boy still didnt know how to do that. 6) The boy has been told many times about the method. 7)Most of us can speak English . 8)He didnt give me money yesterday.,句子成分 主语：主要指“谁”“什么”，就是谓语动词的发出者。通常是 名词，代词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。 The sun rises in the east. He is a teacher. To have been caught in a sandstorm was

3、a terrible experience. Getting up early is a good habit. What matters most is feeling, not just money. 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态：由动词或动词短语担任。 I live in Haiyang. We study English. He is a teacher.,表语：说明主语的性质，特征，状态或身份的。主要是名词，形容词，不定式，动名词等（在系动词后 He is a teacher. The girl seems to be waiting for somebody. The flower

4、smells nice. 注：系动词： be动词、seem、appear 感官动词：smell,sound,taste，look,feel 表示变化的：become，go,get，grow,fall 变得 不及物动词转化来的：keep，prove,remain,stay，stand, 宾语：表示谓语动词的对象。主要是名词，代词，不定式,动名词。 We love China. He gives me a book.(双宾语) I like singing.,定语：修饰或限定名词或代词用的；通常是形容词，代词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词或从句。 1.The teacher is a beau

5、tiful woman called Ms Shen. 2.The teacher who teaches us English is from the USA 3.Poor John lived in a small hotel nearby 4.She likes oranges imported from the USA. 5.John gave Mary many books，which are full of interesting stories 6.Have you seen the book on the desk? 7.The boy playing over there i

6、s my brother. 8.People there like sports.,状语：修饰动词，形容词或整个句子。表示时间，地点，方式，目的等。通常是副词，介词短语，数词等 1.He goes to school by bike. 2.He runs fast. 3.John often came to chat with me 4. Compared with Tom, Bob is much taller. 5.Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry 6.Hearing the news, he jumped with joy

7、. 7.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. 8.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. 9.My father worked in this school ten years ago.,补语：补充说明主语或宾语的；通常是名词，形容词。 常见的动词有：have/ let/make/get/ think/find/see /observe/watch /notice /look at/ hear /listen to 1.We elected him monitor. 2.We t

8、hink the job easy. 3.I find it hard to do the work. 4.He felt it strange that the young man should be so kind to the old woman. 5.I was made president of the club.,分析下列句子的结构 1. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen. 2. Ms Shens method of teaching is nothing like that of the teacher

9、s at my Junior High school. 3. I would appreciate it if you show me how to use the computer. 4. We saw abandoned farms which were more than a hundred years ago. 5. In 1925, they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.,简单句型： 1.主语+系动词+表语 He is a teacher. 2.主语+不及物

10、动词 Tom died. 3.主语+及物动词+宾语 We love China 4.主语+及物动词+双宾语 He gives me a book 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+补语 We think the job easy.,简单句的基本词序,Iboughta hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly. A young girl walked confidently in the

11、room. They drove him away in a police car.,主语+动词部分+宾语 +状语 （谓语） 方式地点时间,简单句的扩展成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。 I bought a rain coat with a warm lining. The dog jumped through the window. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone. A bright little boy with round cheeks put three b

12、ottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词： We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、b

13、ut、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.,并列句,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror, neither nor,复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词

14、的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句： 主语从句： 即在复合句中充当主语的句子 2. 宾语从句： 即在复合句中充当宾语的句子 3. 表语从句： 即在复合句中充当_的句子 4. 同位语从句：即在复合句中充当_的句子 5. 状语从句: 即在_中充当_的句子 6. 定语从句： 即在_中充当_的句子 复合句= 简单句+从属连词+简单句,宾语从句,He told me,that the match had been cancelled.,how he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. whether he is lea

15、ving for Washington how much he was prepared to pay for my car,when he was leaving for Paris.,宾语从句,主语从句和定语从句,the people,surprised,That,What he said what he did,主语,That he didnt know the answer,in the room.,定语,who were sitting in the room. who were present. whose sons were at war. who had signed the contract.,表语从句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what really matters. what he gave me. why he was late. because