虚拟语气完整.ppt

1、虚 拟 语 气 the Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式. 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等； 二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等,Definition,Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）,虚拟语气,Types,If 型,Should + V 型,类似 If 型,过去式(did/were),过去完成时had done,would/could/should/might +V. (原),would/could/should/might +have done,1.过去式 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were

2、to do,would/could/should/might +V. (原),1. If 型,例句 1. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 3. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反),If

3、型特例1：混杂条件句（错综时间虚拟语气）,定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同,If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.,与过去相反,与现在相反,各自为准,If型特例2：省略 if 的条件从句：,用法：从句中有 were, had 或 should 时， 省略if ，而把它们放在句首，构成倒装句。,3. If you had not helped me，I should have failed.,2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try aga

4、in.,1. If I were you, I would not do that.,Were I you, I would not do that.,Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,Had you not helped me, I should have failed.,三个建议,四个要求,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand, require, request, ask,2.Should +v（原）型,两个命令,一个坚持,1.

5、在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：,TIPS,T. or F. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.,insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 （should ）+ do; Insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”

6、时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,F,T,F,T,虚拟语气,用于表语、同位语、主语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / / advice / request /demand 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中,要用 “should动词原形” should可以省略,2. It is suggested/ordered /requested /proposed /demanded that从句 从句中的 谓语 动 词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略 类似用法的词有

7、： important ,necessary，eager,essensial,vital,strange，natural，desired， a pity, a shame,no wonder,.,Wish / As if (though),3.类似 if 型,虚拟语气,Would rather/ If only,But for +n/ Without +n,Its (high) time +that,Wish/ As if / （though） +从句,现在: 过去时（were/did） 过去: 过去完成时(had done) 未来: would/could/might +V.(原) shou

8、ld,类似 if 型（1）,例句 1. I wish I were 30 years younger. 2. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 3. He wished he hadnt done it. 4. He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。,would rather that if only+从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时,过去完成时,过去时,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rat

9、her you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,类似 if 型（2）,Its (high) time +that,过去时(were/did) Should(不省) +V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,类似 if 型（3）,类似 if 型（4）,虚拟语气,

10、but for +n(要不是), without +n, otherwise(否则)， in that case，,一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。,+句子,would/could/should/might +V. (原),would/could/should/might +have done,现在/将来,过去,Subjective mood,If 型 Should +v型 类似if型,。 。 。,混杂条件句(各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略if,1. 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。,2. It is（necessar

11、y，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/ if only It is (high) time that But for/otherwise/ without/in that case,1.过去式 2.过去完成 3.could、would、might +v,1.过去式 2.过去完成,Should（不省） +v/ 过去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might +have done,insist suggest,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone t

12、o London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed,Exercises,A,2. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen,B,3. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell,A,4. I wish this bus _ to th

13、e university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,B,5. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get,C,6. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been,A,7. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,B,8. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had,D,9