第6讲 动词.ppt

1、第6讲 动词,动词,动词的种类 谓语动词和非谓语动词 动词的时态 动词的语态 高考热点动词,1. 动词的种类,1) 行为动词(实义动词) 2) 连系动词 3) 助动词 4) 情态动词,1) 行为动词(实义动词),包括及物动词和不及物动词,表示动作和状态,能独立作谓语. They listen to the radio every morning. (不及物 vi.) We watch TV on Sunday. (及物 vt.),及物动词or不及物动词,He arrived at the bus stop. He got to the bus stop. He reached the bus

2、stop.,不及物 vi,不及物 vi,及物 vt,2) 连系动词,本身不能作谓语,只能和表语一起构成谓语. 常见的连系动词有: be, get, become, seem, turn, grow, look, smell, sound, feel, taste 等.,连系动词,Peters mother is an engineer. The weather turns colder and colder. My brother has become a policeman. The story sounds interesting. The dish of yours tastes del

3、icious.,3) 助动词,没有词义,不能单独作谓语. a. 要和主要动词一起构成各种时态,语态和语气. b. 帮助主要动词构成疑问式和否定式. c. 助动词主要有: be, do, have, shall, will, should, would 等.,助动词,They are playing Pingpong ball at Room 305. The letter was last received on the morning of September 1. We have already finished doing our housework. Do you know who h

4、e is? I do work harder than before. I went to the concert yesterday. So did he. They will leave for USA next Friday.,4) 情态动词,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度, 认为 “可能”, “应该”, “必须”等. 常见的情态动词有 must, need, may, should, can, shall, will等.,情态动词,May I use your dictionary? The work must be finished as soon as possible. You

5、 should study hard in English.,2. 谓语动词和非谓语动词,谓语动词-在句中作谓语, 必须在人称和数方面与主语一致, 并有时态和语态变化. 非谓语动词-在句中不能单独作谓语,可以作句子其它成分, 不受主语限制,没有人称和数的变化. 非谓语的三种形式: 不定式(to do), 现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done).,谓语动词or非谓语动词,They are playing football on the playground. He was seen smoking in the classroom yesterday. It is important to

6、 study English. We have learned 30 lessons this term. Do you still live in the house built by your father?,3. 动词的时态,1)一般时态 2)完成时态 3)进行时态,1) 一般时态,一般现在时/ 一般过去时/ 一般将来时,2) 进行时态,现在进行时/ 过去进行时/ 将来进行时,3) 完成时态,现在完成时/过去完成时/将来完成时,判断下面句子的时态：,1）I often go swimming once a week. 2) I was born in June, 1882. 3) It

7、is going to rain. 4) She said that she would go to Shanghai for the holiday. 5) The telephone is ringing, will you answer it? 6) I was watching TV at 7 oclock last night. 7) We shall be swimming at 3 tomorrow afternoon. 8) I have stayed here for 2 years. 9) I have been writing letters all this morni

8、ng. 10)By the end of last month, we had learned 12 English songs.,时态说明,一般现在时,1) 表示经常，习惯性的动作，常与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays等连用。 He is always late for class. We go to school at 7: 00 every day.,一般现在时,2) 表示客观真理和客观事实 The earth moves round the sun. The Yellow Rive

9、r runs into the Bohai Sea. Light travels faster than sound. The sun rises in the east.,一般现在时,3) 现时刻的动作和状态 Well, I know what you mean. I guess you havent done that. 4) 报纸，广播说，报道 The radio says heavy rain in the afternoon.,一般现在时,特殊：（现在时表将来） A. 表示按计划,规定或安排要发生的将来动作，常用于go, come, begin, leave, start, stay

10、, take off动词 When does the plane arrive? School begins the day after tomorrow.,一般现在时,特殊：（现在时表将来） B. 在以when, after, before, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句和以if, unless, once引导的条件状语从句中，从句用现在时表将来(主将从现) We will put off the sports meeting if it goes on raining like this. After Jenny returns, we will begin our work.

11、,用动词的一般现在时填空,Tim _(go) to work every morning. He _(work) very hard. _ you often _(water) these flowers? We know that light _ (travel) fast. If I _(be) free tomorrow, Ill go to see you. The train _(leave) for Shanghai at 7 oclock.,goes,works,Do,water,travels,am,leaves,一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态.时间状语常用yest

12、erday, last year, in the year of 2000, ago等. We began to study English seven years ago. She was born at ten PM on June 3, 1989. Before we could take a picture of the bird, it flew away.,一般过去时,2.) 表示过去常常或反复发生的动作.有时用used to/would +动词原形表示. They always went to school on foot. When Grandpa Wang lived the

13、re, we went to see him very often. He used to smoke a lot, but now he has stopped smoking. She would talk for hours once the meeting began.,一般过去时,3) 有些句子时间不明显,而实际发生于过去,也用过去时. We didnt know you had come back. I didnt know you were in London.(说话时已经知道了),用动词的一般过去时填空,Tom _(watch) TV at home last night. H

14、e _(go) nowhere. When I _(be) young. I often _ (play) football. He _ (be) not with me at that time. He used to _(talk) a lot. But now he seldom speaks. Sorry, I _ (not recognize) you.,watched,went,was,played,was,talk,didnt recognize,动词的不规则变化,(卷子) Remember them!,一般将来时,shall/will/ be going to+动词原形 Sha

15、ll 只用于第一人称, Will 不限人称, Be going to表示即将发生的或最近打算要做的事. I shall go to the cinema tonight. She will return to her hometown in a few days. Hes going to spend his summer holidays at the seaside this year.,一般将来时,2) Be to +动词原形表示按计划安排即将发生的动作. President Hu is to visit USA next month. He is to speak to the who

16、le nation on TV.,一般将来时,3) Be about to+动词原形表示即将发生的动作. The film is about to begin. It is about to rain. I am about to leave .,用动词的一般将来时填空,I wont _(be) free tomorrow. Its going to _(rain) this evening. The students _( have) a meeting this afternoon. President is to _ (give) a speech tomorrow. Our plane

17、 is about to _ (take) off. Why are you still lying here?,be,rain,will have,give,take,用动词的适当形式填空, -Your baby is too thin. -It could gain weight, but it _(not eat) much. It wont be long before such a thing _ (happen) again. I wont speak to him unless he _(apologize) to me. The careless driver has just

18、 been fined $10 for stopping his car at a sign that _(read) “No parking”.,doesnt eat,happens,apologizes,reads,用动词的适当形式填空, -Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she _(promise) Which driver _(blame) for the accident? -I_(leave) at the end of this month. - I dont think you should do that until youve found

19、 another job.,promised,is to blame,am going to leave,现在进行时,表示现在正在进行或发生的动作. She is standing there and waiting for her classmate. Are you watching TV or listening to the radio now? Please dont make any noise. The baby is sleeping.,现在进行时,2) 表示现阶段进行，但此刻并未进行的动作. We are learning lesson 4 this week. She is

20、 translating a novel these days. -What are you doing here these days? -I am showing some foreign friends round our city.,现在进行时,3) 动词come, go, leave, arrive, stay, begin, start用进行时表将来。 I am coming, mom. The Wangs are leaving for Japan this Wednesday. I am staying in London for another day.,现在进行时,4) 与

21、副词always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表反复出现或习惯性动作，有赞叹，厌烦感情色彩。 Why are you always complaining? She is always talking in class.,用动词的现在进行时填空,The students _(read) English in the classroom now. “What are you doing here?” “Im _ (wait) for Tom.” Those people _ (work) in a factory these days. Aunt Su

22、san _ (come) to see us tomorrow. She is always _ (forget) things.,are reading,waiting,are working,is coming,forgetting,过去进行时,表示过去某时正在发生的动作. He was reading when I entered his office. What were you doing at eight yesterday?,过去进行时,2) 表示过去某一阶段所发生的动作. He was teaching at NO. 3 Middle School that year. We

23、were studying at Beijing University from 1991 to 1994.,用动词的适当形式填空, You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something more active? -Watch! -I _ _(watch) but I _ _ (not see) anything unusual. Listen! The couple _ _(quarrel) in the room -Youre drinking too much. -Only at home. No one _(see) me but you. Th

24、e reporter said that the UFO _ _(travel) east to west when he saw it,are,watching,am watching,dont see,are quarrelling,sees,was,traveling,现在完成时,1)动作开始于过去，持续到现在。常用时间状语有for+ 一段时间, since+ 点时间, in the last/past +一段时间, these days, so far Great changes have taken place in China since 1987. The city has cu

25、t its birth-rate by 60% in the past 20 years. Has any of you seen him these days?,现在完成时,2)发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响。常与already, just, yet never, ever 连用。 I have already seen the film. She has just arrived here.,现在完成时,3) 短暂性动词不用于带有延续性时间的现在完成时. 误: His grandfather has died for 8 years. 正: His grandfather has bee

26、n dead for 8 years. 误: He left for three days. 正: He has been away for three days. 误: They got married for 20 years. 正: They have been married for 20 years.,现在完成时,4) This/It is the first (second) time +that从句，从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have come here. It is the third time he has failed

27、in the exam.,现在完成时,Have been 和have gone区别 He has been to Beijing. (他曾经去过北京,已经回来了) He has gone to Beijing. (他去了北京,还没有回来),用动词的现在完成时填空,He _(go) to see Ms Lee and hell come back in two hours. He _(be) to Paris five times. Great changes _(take) place in my hometown since 1996. Mr. Black _(teach) maths fo

28、r 21 years. This is the first time that he _ (come) to Beijing.,has gone,has been,have taken,has taught,has come,过去完成时,1) 一件事发生在过去，而另一件事先于它。常与before连用。 She had learned some English before she came to school. The train had already left before we arrived.,过去完成时,2) 表示过去开始，过去结束。常用状语by then, until, by th

29、e end of, before 2000, by the time + 句子等。 We had learned ten lessons by the end of last month. I had already cooked supper by the time you came here. Until then he had known nothing about it yet.,过去完成时,3) Hardly /scarcely +过去完成时 +when No sooner +过去完成时+ than 刚就 Hardly had we started when the car got

30、a flat tyre. No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go.,过去完成时,4) It was /had been +一段时间+since 从句， 从句用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们十年都没这么高兴了。,过去完成时,5) That/ It was the first /secondtime + that 从句， 从句用过去完成时。 It was the third time that he had made th

31、e same mistake.,用动词的过去完成时填空,He told me he _(meet) her before. She thanked me for what I _ (do) for her son. I _(learn) 300 English words by the end of last month. The game _ hardly_ (begin) when it started raining. It was the third time that you _ (make) the same mistake.,had met,had done,had learnt

32、,had,begun,had made,时态综合练习,1. Your new product _ (sell) better if it is advertised on TV. 2. Started in 1993, Three Gorges Project _ (complete)in 2009. 3. Wow, your homework looks great! I _ (do) it on my computer. 4. Is this the first time that you _ (visit) here?,will sell,will be completed,did,ha

33、ve visited,5. Recently China _ ( develop) its first personal robot that can live at home as a partner. 6. As soon as I got on the bus, I realized that I _ ( leave) my papers in the house. 7. -So how long have you been here? - just a couple of days actually, Im on a big journey, you know. I _ (visit)

34、 all the places of interest here.,has developed,had left,am visiting,8. Ten people _ (find) dead in a helicopter crash in the east of the forest last Saturday. 9. -Lucy is late again. She _ (promise) to meet us at 8:00. -Come on. Lets give her a few more minutes. 10. By last month, another new hospi

35、tal _ ( complete) in our town.,were found,promised,had been completed,时态区别,一般现在时和现在完成时区别,(06全国)The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more. A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live,He painted the houses. He has painted the house for the whole day, and he is very tired.,一般过

36、去时与现在完成时的区别。,The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before. A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had He _ more than 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别。,now

37、,then,一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 现在完成时,Practice,（06广东 32）The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _ before. A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying,C,*（04北京春 30）I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D.

38、wasnt expecting,C,（04北京春 34）I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep,C,*（04北京春 24） - Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was I ? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job.

39、A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying,C,做题技巧,1）根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. Were going to fly B. Well be flying C. Well fly D. We are to fly -_ David and Vicky _ married? - For about three years. A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How l

40、ong have; been D. How long did; get By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had traveling D. was

41、 to travel,做题技巧,2）根据固定搭配选时态. He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got We _ in the lake when suddenly the storm started. A. swim B. swam C. are swimming D. were swimming,做题技巧,3）根据主从句时态呼应的原则选时态. -When will yo

42、u come to see me, Dad? - I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish He will have learned English for eight years by the time when he _ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is t

43、o graduate We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left,做题技巧,4）根据具体的语言环境选择时态. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. will play B. have played C. played D. play A new cinema _ here. They hope to fi

44、nish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built,Paper time,基础练习 高考模拟练习,动词的语态,语态分类,主动语态 表示主语为动作的执行者. We cleaned our house yesterday. 2. 被动语态 表示主语为动作的承受者. Our house was cleaned yesterday.,一般只有及物动词才有被动语态,He teaches (vt.) history this term. History is taught by him this term. 2. You can sit (vi.) here. 没有宾语, 没有动作的承受者,所以没有被动语态.,被动语态的基本形式,一般现在时: The picture is painted by him. 一般过去时: The picture was painted by him. 一般将来时: The picture will be painted by him.,被动语态的基本形式,现在进行时: The problem is being