Ireland 爱尔兰介绍.ppt

1、Ireland.,A Presentation on the history, culture, traditions and people of Ireland. By Mr. Robert Kelly.,Ireland,Ireland is an island at the western edge of europe.,Ireland has two separate juristictions.,Republic of Ireland Capital: Dublin Population: 4.3million Currency: Euro Northern Ireland Capit

2、al: Belfast Population: 1.7million Currency: Pound English and Irish is spoken in both ROI and NI.,Geography and Climate,A ring of coastal mountains surrounds low central plains. The island has a mild oceanic climate. Not too hot, not too cold. Rain and wind is year round. It receives the full force

3、 of storms from the Atlantic Ocean, especially in winter.,Wildlife,Wild life animals of Ireland are typically woodland animals. Red deer, red fox, mountain hare, badger,Farmed animals,Cows and especially sheep are found everywhere in Ireland. They are very important to the Irish economy.,Irish Histo

4、ry,9000 years ago Ireland was covered in ice. And the Ice Age ended. Stone age people arrived from Europe about 8000 BC. Agriculture (farming) began about 4000 BC.,The Celts,The Celtic race of people arrived from Europe to Ireland between 800-100 BC. Ireland became a Celtic country. It was from this

5、 tribal people that the modern Irish language came from and Irish identity is founded upon.,Christianity,Christianity began to arrive in Ireland from about 431AD onwards. The Celts adopted the new religion. St. Patrick is credited with bringing the religion to Ireland and St. Patricks day is celebra

6、ted on March 17th every year.,Christian monasteries.,Ireland began to attract many Christian monks from Europe as a place of learning and a life of religion. Its remote location appealed to many monks to build many monasteries. The ruins of one of the oldest and remotest monasteries is Scellig Mhica

7、el, now a tourist attraction.,The ruins of Monasteries are found throughout Ireland and are now very popular tourist attractions.,Viking raiders.,Vikings from the Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) began raiding towns and monasteries on the Irish coasts in the 9th Century. The Vikings

8、especially raided Christian monasteries where precious treasures and goods could be stolen. The monks built tall round towers to hide in when the Vikings attacked. Later the Vikings began to settle in Ireland and build port towns such as Dublin.,The Normans,Normans came in the 12th century and built

9、 castles all over the country and founded many towns. The Normans came originally from Normandy in France. Over many years the division between the 3 (Celts, Normans and Vikings) disappeared and they became a single Irish race, speaking the Irish language and living the Irish way of life. Norman cas

10、tles can be found across Ireland.,The start of British rule in Ireland.,In 1171 King Henry 2 of England came to Ireland to claim sovereignty over Ireland. However in reality English control was only maintained in Dublin. The rest of the country continued to be a wild place, which remained under the

11、control of the Irish kings.,The Plantations of Ireland.,Serious attempts by the English Crown to bring Ireland under the control of London did not begin until the 15th and 16th centuries. Lands were taken from the Irish kings by invading British. Land was given to loyal English settlers. The most su

12、ccessful plantation was in the north. Most people in Northern Ireland today are descendants from the English settlers. These people are still loyal to England.,Oliver Cromwell,Oliver Cromwell won the Civil war in England. He was determined to bring Ireland under his control. He conquered all of Irel

13、and by 1652.,The Great Famine 1845-1850,The staple diet of the Irish people at this time was the potato. The potato was almost entirely releyed upon by Irish people. Many people died or emigrated to America. Since the 1840s emigration became a part of Iirsh life up until the late 1990s.,Emigration,P

14、eople left to find a better life and good jobs in other countries. The struggle with England and a poor economy was the cause of so many leaving. The population of Ireland has always been small as a result and today is only 6 million.,The 1916 Rising,The 1916 Rising was the start of the War of Indep

15、endence against England. Independence was declared by Irish Volunteers at the General Post Office (GPO). In 2006 the Irish Government celebrated 90 years since the Rising.,Independence and the division of Ireland.,Michael Collins had led the war effort against Britain. A treaty was signed after the

16、War of Independence in 1921. However the people of Northern Ireland did not want to separate from England and so they remained part of the United Kingdom (UK). Many of the NI people felt betrayed by the British government for giving independence to the Irish.,Civil war in Ireland 1921-1923,Almost ha

17、lf of the Irish people refused to accept the Treaty. Most Irish people voted in favour of the Treaty, wishing to end violence and allow Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK. Civil war started between the two Irish sides in the Republic of Ireland. The anti-treaty movement was led by Eamonn Deva

18、lera.,Top: Eamonn DeValera who rejected the Treaty and led the anti-treaty movement. Bottom: Michael Collins who defended the Treaty.,Northern Ireland and The Troubles 1969-1998.,The Troubles began with unrest between the majority loyalist and the minority republican population of NI. Loyalist = peo

19、ple descended from English settlers during the plantations. Republican = people descended from native Irish. Here is a British soldier on duty in the streets of NI.,Armies were founded on both sides of NIs community. On the Republican side the Irish Republican Army (IRA) was founded. On the Loyalist

20、 side the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) was founded. Both armies were declared illegal by the governments in London and Dublin. The British Army was deployed in NI to try to control the violence.,The Belfast Agreement 1998,The war between the terrorist groups officially ended. It was agreed that poli

21、tics must be peaceful in NI and that power would be shared by both communities. However much hatred and mistrust still exists between both sides.,Continued social division in Northern Ireland.,The walls that were built by the British army to separate fighting communities are still in place in much o

22、f NI, especially Belfast. In different areas of NI people fly either British or Irish flags and paint murals on walls to show which side they belong to.,Some Loyalist murals.,Republican murals.,Sport in Ireland.,Ireland has a rich sporting culture. Ireland has two national sports native to Ireland.

23、Hurling. Gaelic football. Croke Park in Dublin is where all major sporting events are currently played. It is the 4th largest stadium in Europe.,Hurling,Hurling is a game played by two teams of 15 players each. Each player has a wooden stick. Players hit a small hard leather ball and try to score in

24、 the opponents goal. It is the fastest field sport in the world and a very exciting sport to watch.,Gaelic Football,Gaelic Football is different from normal football because players can use their hands. There are 15 players on each team. The playing field is much larger than a soccer field.,Rugby an

25、d football,Rugby and football are not Irish sports but are both very popular. Rugby is a very physical sport played with an oval ball. There is a very strong rugby tradition in Ireland.,Brian ODriscoll is one of Irelands best Rugby players,Football,Football is very popular in Ireland. Because footba

26、ll is much bigger in England, most of Irelands best players play for English clubs such as Manchester United or Liverpool. They return to Ireland only to play international matches for Ireland.,Roy Keane,Roy Keane is probably Irelands most famous player. He was the team captain for both Manchester U

27、nited and Ireland for many years.,Irish Cuisine,The potato has always been, and still is, the main food to go with meals each day. The Irish stew is a traditional Irish meal. It is made from mutton, potatoes, onions, carrot and parsley.,Full Irish Breakfast,sausages, pudding, bacon, egg, beans, toas

28、t, orange juice, tea or coffee.,Guinness,Guinness is a type of beer from Ireland. It is very famous and the Guinness brewery in Dublin is a tourist attraction,Culture, Customs and Tradition,Ireland has a rich culture. Every March 17th the people celebrate St. Patricks day. Parades are held in every

29、Irish town. On St. Patricks day people wear green clothes.,St Patricks Day celebrations.,Orange parades.,This part of Irish culture is celebrated mostly in Northern Ireland by those of British descent. Marching season takes place during July.,Irish dancing,Irish dancing is an old popular dance. Danc

30、ers do not move their arms, but keep them at their sides. Dancers move their legs in fast rhythm with Irish music.,Irish Music,Music and dance were the main forms of entertainment in Ireland in the past. Traditional musicians often have sessions in the corner of a pub. People would sing along, dance

31、 and enjoy a beer in the pub after work. These sessions are a big tourist attraction for foreigners.,The Banjo and the Bodhran drum,Popular music today,Ireland has a lot of modern musicians that are very popular internationally. They include rock bands, pop groups and singers. Westlife, The Corrs.,Other popular artists include U2, Enya and Sinead OConnor,Irish Economy/ Celtic Tiger,Irelands economy had many problems for a long time. This changed in the 1990s when the period named The Celtic T