四级写作教案(1).ppt

1、CET - 4 Writing,Section 1 了解四级写作要求,根据教育部最新修订的大学英语教学大纲中最明显的变化就是对学生写作能力的要求提高了。具体说就是，学生在达到四级水平时应做到： 1、能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔 记，回答问题和写提纲； 2、能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120- 150词的短文； 3、能写短信或便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言 错误。,大学英语四级考试大纲对写作部分的五项要求：,、考试时间30分钟 (9:10-9:40)。 、写出一篇至少120词的短文。 、体裁：议论文、说明文、应用文。 、题型：命题作文、 情景作文、看图表作文、给 段首句作文、给关

2、键词作文。 5、 语言：能正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语 法错误。 6、内容：一般社会、文化或学生日常生活的常识 和看法。,Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目, 2000 How I Finance My College Education Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 2001 How to Succeed in a Job Interview? A letter to a Schoolmate (提出对度假安排的建议) 2002 A Letter to the President of the Universi

3、ty (请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼有而有之。) Student Use of Computers,Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目, 2003 It Pays to Be Honest An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured) 2004 A Letter in Reply to a Friend 1.建议报考的专业及理由 2.报 考

4、该专业的基本条件 3.应当如何备考 A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction,Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目, 2005 A Campaign Speech (1月) In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day (6月) Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (12月),Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目, 2006 6月17日(旧)：An announceme

5、nt for a voluntary program (1：校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动，现招聘志愿者2：本次志愿者活动目的,内容及安排3：报名条件和联系方式） 6月24日(新)：On Students Selecting Lecturers (1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师； 2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是； 3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题),Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目,2006 12月24日: Spring Festival Gala (1、许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节晚会； 2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会； 3、我的看法)

6、 2007 6月23日: Welcome to Our Club (1. 本社团的主要活动内容 2. 参加本社团的好处 3. 如何加入本社团),Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目,2007 12月23日: What Electives To Choose 1. 各学校开了各种各样的选修课 2. 学生选课有不同的原因 3. 就我而言,Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目,2008 6月21日: Recreational Activities 1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性 3. 作为大学生我的看法,Se

7、ction 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目,2008 12月20日: Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1、一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2、由此带来的问题 3、限制一次性塑料袋的意义,Section 2 真题分析 2000年至2008年四级作文题目,统计： Exposition: 2 Argumentation: 9 Narration 语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误. 11分-切题.表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少语言错误. 14分-切题.内容较丰富,文字通顺,连贯性较好.基本上无无语言错误,仅有个别小错.,只写出一个

8、要点者给0-4分;只写出两个要点者给0-8分.,新四级作文的变与不变,顺序变了。最后一部分变为第一部分。 分数变了。新四级作文满分变为106分（权重15%） 主题没变。内容一直是围绕我们大学生的学习和校内外活动，包括未来的毕业、就业，还有就是社会、文化、教育类热点问题。总之主题不会是专业性过强、人们知之甚少的题材。 题型依然主要是两种：以书信为代表，以通知书为主的应用文格式；我们经常练习的三段论式议论文。,对作文的两手准备,形式上的准备（写作模式） 内容上的准备（读英文报）,新四级作文的变与不变,关注报纸的教育、社会、文化版面，还有就是现在比较突出的社会问题，如宠物扰民、自行车盗窃泛滥成灾问题

9、(epidemic level)，青少年上网成瘾(minors Internet addiction)等，建议大家在考试之前每天抽时间读一些中国日报(或网站)文化、社会、教育栏目的文章，了解当前的热点现象。同时我将尽快给大家提供一份温总理的政府工作报告共英文译本，掌握一些句型和新词(例如：harmonious society)。,应试技巧之写作步骤,一.审题 二.构思 三.选择合适的框架 四.动笔写文章 五.检查修改,摸透教官的心理,一.整洁的卷面和漂亮的书写 二.字数要达到要求 三.结构要完整,结构要清晰 四.避免犯低级错误,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,根据大学英语教学与测试中心

10、的评分标准，文章要切题、表达意思正确，无重大语言错误。学生容易犯的错误可以分为两大类：一、不切题；二、语言表达的错误。 (一) 不切题 英语写作的要求是开门见山叙述主题，而汉语写作时善用迂回法，也就是总绕着主题的外围转，致使不能紧扣主题进行写作，致使文章主题不明确，观点不够鲜明。以2004年作文A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction为例，很多同学在第一段用了很多文字描述中国的地大物博，最后一句才提到要介绍的景点。,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,再来看范文的第一段： Welcome everyone, I am glad that yo

11、u can come to Pingyao County, where there is the oldest Confucius temple. It was opened to the public Monday after a one-year renovation project. 这样就克服了前面不切题的问题，紧紧围绕了主题句来展开，给疲劳的评卷老师一个好的第一印象。,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,（二） 语言表达错误 “就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。” -王力 英语写作中，所谓重大语言错误，通常是指语法和词汇错误，考生易犯的语言错误包括：词汇问题、

12、语法错误、中文式英语。这里我们重点讲述的是前两方面的问题：,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,1、词汇问题 词汇是英文写作的基本要素。如果把语法比作写作的框架，那么词汇就是写作的砖瓦。大学生在学习词汇时一个普遍存在的问题就是只知其意，不知其用，没有牢固掌握所学词汇。而且随着时间的推移，他们学过的部分词汇变得模糊不清，似是而非，因此在写作中，学生只能用有限的词汇来表达自己的观点和看法，这就限制了学生写出较高水平的作文。而且稍有不慎，就会出现各种各样的错误。常见的错误类型主要有以下几种：同一汉语意思的动词、名词、形容词混用错用(honest-honesty; against) ；词型相似的英

13、文单词错用(of course-of cause)；单词拼写错误(morden-modern)；多余的词和词组以及用词不确切等。,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(1) 同一汉语意思的动词、名词和形容词混用。 请大家翻译： a. 市场经济 b. 主修经济 c. 经济增长 a. 如果你努力学习，你一定会成功。（成功 动词） b. 他是一位成功的商人。（成功 形容词） c. 他的成功是由于他的勤奋。（成功 名词）,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(2) 用词不确切 resist to do sth. risk to do sth. deny to do sth. 这几个动词的用法错

14、误在于它们只能跟动名词而不能接 不定式，即resist, risk, deny+doing sth.,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,一些只能用动名词作宾语的动词及短语： 口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。,consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon admit, delay/put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate for

15、bid, imagine, risk cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape,此外，be used to, commit oneself to (be committed to), lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/har

16、d time (in)等动词词组也要动名词作宾语。,下列动词只能用不定式作宾语, 口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish refuse, manage, care, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask/beg, help afford, strive e.g. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-r

17、un companies are striving to make their products more competitive.,下列动词或词组即可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义有区别，要特别注意。 forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, cant help,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(2) 用词不确切 He finally resolved the problem. He finally solved the problem. resolve 的汉语意思是“使分解”、“解决” resolve虽有解决

18、之意，只是解决的不是问题，而是contradiction, conflict, dispute或doubt, 解决问题应用 “solve”。顺便说一下doubt和suspect 的区别。,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,The polices action had little affect on the rampant (prevalent) bicycle stealing. The polices action had little effect on the rampant (prevalent) bicycle stealing. affect 影响,感动,相当于influe

19、nce。 如；Internet addiction affects people of varying ages, cultural backgrounds, occupations, and educational levels. effect 产生，引起，用作名词时表示效果、效应 如：The war effected changes all over the world. Simple methods of prevention do exist that can reduce the negative effects of Internet use.,Section 3 四级写作中常见错

20、误,2、语法错误 语法错误的类型有：名词单复数变化错误；时态不一致谓语或句型出错，句子不完整；介词、冠词遗漏等。,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(1) 时态、人称和数用错 汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语动词来说，这些都至关重要。例： 误：They said they can complete the work in three months. 正：They said they could complete the work in three months. 误：My father is a work and my mother is teacher. 正：My father

21、 is a worker and my mother is a teacher.,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(2) 介词遗漏 误：We were informed by e-mail the change in plans. 正：We were informed by e-mail of the change in plans. 误：arrive the airport 正： arrive at the airport (3)冠词遗漏 误：on other hand 正：on the other hand,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(4) be 动词遗漏 在主系表结

22、构中，汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来承担谓语，如：“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语形容词不能作谓语，一定要写成：Im tired. 误：He will sure to come and help me. 正：He will be sure to come and help me.,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(5)句子不完整 有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句 的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。 误：Because the kids thought their wages were too low. 正：Beca

23、use the kids thought their wages were too low, they demanded a high pay. 误：While waiting for the bus. 正：While waiting for the bus, he talked with the little girl.,Section 3 四级写作中常见错误,(6)介词、冠词遗漏 还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法， 也会出现明显的错误，造成丢分现象。 误：Because his mistake several people died. 正：Because of his mis

24、take several people died. 误：I have never seen such beautiful picture. 正：I have never seen such a beautiful picture.,写作常用优秀句型,1.由while引导的状语从句 When it comes tosome people think/ believe that while others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.,2. Those who句型 Those who are in favor of the cyber

25、dating claim that it has a lot of advantages.,3. 倒装句 Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.,Not only will our public places look better without all the white pollution, but the saved energy ca

26、n also be used in more meaningful ways.,4. 条件状语从句 So long as we can make use of it properly, it can be most helpful for many respects.,5. 强调句 It is people that pour millions of tons of polluted water into rivers, lakes, and seas. It is high time that (后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。),6. 让步状

27、语从句 although, but even if, even though no matter how, however, whatever,Convenient as they (plastic bags) are for consumers, they have become a threat to the environment and a cause for severe waste of resources.,7. not until We can never wish to realize our dream of a cleaner and more beautiful env

28、ironment until all of us take actions to build, protect and take care of it.,8. There is no such thing as,9. 平行结构 并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both and, neither nor, either or, not only but (also), rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。,例1：Some find sending e-mails more enjoyable than sitt

29、ing at home watching TV. 例2: He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper. 例3：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.,prefer sth. to sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 1) I prefer rice to no

30、odles. 2) I prefer watching TV to listening to music. 3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.,10. 包含never的否定句 You can never be too good to your mother. Its never too late to learn. You can never be too careful when you drive a car.,11. There is no denying that (不可否认的.) 例句：There is no (point) d

31、enying that the Chinese Government has devoted much attention to the protection of IPR. 12. It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that fresh water is indispensable to us.,13. There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational

32、 system leaves something to be desired (has room for development). 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。14. An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。,15. The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why

33、 we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。16. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。,17. Adj. + a

34、s + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句：Poor as my parents are, they have never let any of their children drop out of school. 18. The + er + S + V,the + er +S+V The + more + Adj + S + V,the + more + Adj + S + V（愈.愈.） 例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake. Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.,

35、19. By+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.） 例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。20. enable+Object（受词）+to+V（.使.能够.） 例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed. 21、Onnoaccountcanwe+ V（我们绝对不能.） 例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。,22. bebasedon（以.为基础） 例句：Theprogressofthesoc

36、ietyisbasedonharmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。23. Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的） 例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。,Welcome to Our Club,Welcome to our French Culture Club! We offer various kinds of French novels, poems, so and so forth. In our club, you will experience the marvelous

37、 atmosphere of France, the country filled with fascinating and romantic stories. Member can watch French films, read novels written by Balzac, Victor Hugo and many other masters! Whats more, our most attracting feature is to teach the,Members French free of charge! Many people think that there is a

38、gorgeous air when one speaks French. So you shall never miss the chance. You can absolutely count on us because I am confident to arouse your interest in French culture by means of French literature, civilization and also French,cuisine! I bet you already think of the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, the S

39、eine as well as tasty wine. Yes! Things about them are all included in our activities. Youll definitely learn a lot and enjoy a lot! Remember the theme of our club: to build a bridge between China and France.,What we can do is limited, but one things for sure that I am doing our part and sincerely p

40、ut our heart on it! Contact us at: for requirements and further details.,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 考过的真题： Reading Selectively or Extensively (1999) Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?（2005） Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary？（2000） Spring Festival Gala (2006) 写作模式： 1、引出话题一种观点认为 另

41、一种观点认为 我的 观点是 2、引出话题（一种情况）一种观点认为 我的态度（观 点）,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 点明文章主题的常用句式 1、has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. 2、There is an argument/much argument/ no consensus of opinions among people concerning/over/on/as to 3、Nowadays, people are divided

42、 on the question as to whether,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 点明文章主题的常用句式 4、Different people have different views/ perspectives on 5、When being asked aboutdifferent people will offer different answers. 6、There is a public debate/discussion/ controversy today about the problem of. 7、The issue of whethe

43、r or nothas been widely argued/debated currently.,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式 1、Some people suggest/maintain/hold the opinion thatBut/However/While/Nevertheless/ Yet/ other people hold a different point of view 2、Some people are inclined to think that On the contrary/In contrast, th

44、ere are still many people who wont agree/ see eye to eye with it, and they claim,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式 3、When it comes tosome people think/ believe that while others argue/claim that the opposite/ reverse is true. 4、Those who criticize/oppose to/object toargue thatBut people w

45、ho advocate/favor, on the other hand, maintain/assert/argue that 5、Now it is commonly/generally/widely/ universally thought/ accepted/believed/ held thatBut I wonder/doubt whether.,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式 6、To the general public/popular mind, But despite/in spite of/I still beli

46、eve 7、Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people think that Nevertheless, there are still some people of the opinion that,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 陈述自己观点的常用句式 1、For my part/As to me/As far as I am concerned, Id like to agree to the former/my favor goes to the first view. 2、I agree to the latte

47、r opinion to some extent. 3、Im in favor of/Im on the side of,Section 4 论说文的写作,（一）对立观点型论说文 陈述自己观点的常用句式 4、In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When wewe should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision. 5、There is probably some truth in both arguments/

48、 statements, but,例: When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better. When it comes to the issue of reading selectively or extensively, different people have different opini

49、ons. It is held by some people that one should But it is also believed by other people that one should,When asked about the biggest problem today, many people say that it is the serious energy crisis. They are afraid that the world will soon run out of oil and run short of food. But other people hol

50、d optimistic views: they regard it as a natural result of the economic development and believe it will be only solved with further advances in economy and technology.,Is the CET Band 4/6 Necessary? Recently there has been a heated debate on _(全国大学英语四六级考试是否有必要). Some students and teachers claim that

51、_ (检验我国英语教育的有效手段). Furthermore, they argue that_ (不仅能激发教师提高教学,而且能敦促学生重视英语以便提高他们的交流技能).,Others _ (持相反的观点). They _ (这种测试并不能帮助学生提高对英语的掌握能力,虽然它可以帮助学生获得一些应试的手段). Besides, _ (它只会使教学变得应试化). As a result, _ (只会产生高分低能的学生).,For all these negative aspects, I prefer the former opinion. The main reason is that _

52、(由于这种测试, 大学生的英语水平普遍得到了提高). Whats more, _(教师和学生现在都很重视包括听、说、读、写在内的综合技能的培养).,Is the CET Band 4/6 Necessary? Recently there has been a heated debate on whether or not the national CET Band 4/6 is necessary. Some students and teachers claim that it is an effective way to test the English education in our

53、 country. Furthermore, they argue that it may not only inspire teachers to improve their teaching, but also urge students to attach more importance to English so as to improve their communicative skills.,Others hold an opposite point of view. They maintain that this kind of test does not help improv

54、e the students actual ability in mastering the language, although it may help them acquire some approach to dealing with the test. Besides, it only makes learning and teaching test-oriented. As a result, only such students with high scores but lower abilities are turned out.,For all these negative a

55、spects, I prefer the former opinion. The main reason is that thanks to the test, the overall English proficiency of college students has been greatly improved. Whats more, both teachers and students now place much emphasis on comprehensive learning skills, including listening, speaking, reading and

56、writing.,Talent Show-The year anyone could have been a star Perhaps the defining characteristic of the year 2006 as that it was a show year, during which all of the countrys TV stations held competitions that brought together select groups of the most talented few to square off准备作战against one anothe

57、r for prizes and fame.,It has been estimated that tens of thousands of such shows appeared on the airwaves last year, including small shows like the one staged by Qingdao TV Station, which called on audiences to pick the most charming women in her 60s out of 300 candidates.,Of the national level com

58、petitions, the country thrilled to Hunan TV Stations Super Girls competition for female singers; Dragon TVs My Hero, a search for princess charming; CCTVs Dream China, another singing contest; and CCTVs Win in China, a contest for business people. Those shows gave people from all walks of life a cha

59、nce to demonstrate their skills on the TV screen. And in a rush of instant celebrity mania, women and men from across the country jumped at the chance to show their stuff. And it was not bad for the TV networks either.,Consider the Super Girl contest. It was the first show in China to follow the American Idol form