分词讲解及练习2013

1、分词 participle,现在分词：主动、进行 过去分词：被动、完成,一、构成形式,过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed)。, 现在分词（否定式not +分词）：,二、 语法功 能,1作表语 2作定语 3作状语 4作宾语补足语,分词作表语，分词相当于形容词 现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性，表 示“令人的”，一般物做主语 过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词过去 分词表示“感到”,一般人做主语 the news was exciting. he appeared satisfied with my answer.,1.表语,2.定语,developing countries = countr

2、ies that are developing developed countries = countries that are developed a sleeping boy = a boy that is sleeping who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? have you read any short stories written (which were written) by lu xun?,分词作定语时，通常与所修饰的名词间有逻辑上的主谓关系，意义上接近于一个定语从句。, 在更多情况下，可以用分词短

3、语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后,barking dogs seldom bite. america is a developed country.,单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，,注意,who is the man standing by the door? i know a boy named tom.,分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,3.状语,being ill, he didnt go to school. studying hard, you will go to college.,seen from the moon, the earth lo

4、oks like a blue ball. seeing nobody at home , he left.,被动关系,主动关系,分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系： 主动关系，用 doing 被动关系，用 done,注意, 作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况,the children ran out of the room, laughing and talking she sat at the desk reading a newspaper. he went home ,exhausted.,作原因状语，表示原因或理由,seeing nobody at home, she dec

5、ided to leave them a note. not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. beaten by his father, he was very sad.,作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：,hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,作结果、条件和让步、 方式等状语,the bus was held up by snowstorm, thus

6、 causing the delay. (结果) working hard, you will succeed. even if invited, i wont go. following the guide, they started to climb.,(结果),(条件),(让步),(方式),用 分词作补足语的多是一些“感觉”和“使役”动词。 feel, listen hear, get, have, keep, see, notice, watch, find, observe等。,4.宾语补足语,一摸 二听 三让 四看,i saw him playing football on the

7、 playground last period. i heard my name called when i came in. im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. youd better have/get your hair cut.,三、现在分词的时态,现在分词的一般形式(doing) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后发生。,when i entered the room, i found him reading. being ill, he had to stay at home.,2.现在分词的完

8、成式(having done) 现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生 在谓语动作之前。,having finished his homework, he went out to play. having been told many times , he still couldnt understand it .,四、现在分词被动形式,that building being repaired is our library. the building built last year is our lab. as we entered the village, we saw new houses b

9、eing built. having been examined carefully, the patient was sent to the operation room.,（定语）,（定语）,（宾补）,（状语）,practice makes perfect,1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. a. to see b. seeing c. having seen d. being seen 2._the exam, the boy was punished by his father. a. no passing b. having passed c

10、. not passing d. not having passed 3. when i came in, i saw dr. li _a patient. a. examine b. examining c. to examine d. examined 4. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given 5. in order not to be disturbed, i spent three hours _ in my study a.

11、locking b. to lock c. locked d. being locked 6. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry. a. leaving b. left c. to be left d. having left,7. the situation is more _than ever. im _about what to do next. a. puzzled; puzzled b. puzzling; puzzling c. puzzling; puzzled d. puzz

12、led; puzzling 8. the teacher came into the classroom _by his students. a. following b. to be following c. followed d. having followed 9. with the money _, he couldnt buy any ticket. a.to lose b. losing c. lost d. has lost 10. _how to do the homework, i went to ask my teacher for help. a. not to know

13、 b. not knowing c. knowing not d. not known 11. with winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. a. came b. comes c. come d. coming 12. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. having shown b. showing c. has shown d. having been shown,13. the child sat in the dentists

14、chair _. a.tremble b. trembling c. trembled d. to trembled 14.a cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.a.smokeb. smoking c. to smoked. smoked15. he sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information a. hoped b. hoping c. to hope d. hope 16. _ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. a. being determined b. on having determined c. determin