AppendixIIIGrammarglossary.pptx

1、定语从句的基本概念,1) 关系代词 that指代主句中的人或物，充当从句的主语、宾语、表语等。which 指代主句中的物，充当从句的主语、宾语、表语等。例如： She had shown pictures of a plant that / which had recently been discovered. Anyone that / who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police. Have you seen the book that / which I put on the table? The fire

2、also destroyed cars which / that belonged to people who worked in the building.,2) 关系副词 where修饰表示地点或含有地点意义的名词，充当定语从句的地点状语。例如： Do you still remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? (where = at which) He has got into a dangerous situation where he may get fired. (where = in which) when修饰表示时间

3、的名词，充当定语从句的时间状语。例如： There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when = during which) The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when = in which) why修饰先行词reason，充当定语从句的原因状语。例如： They didnt explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why = for which),3) 介词 + 关系代词。例如： The

4、teacher from whom I learned most was Mrs. Clark. The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable. (at which相当于where) 注：介词后的关系代词如指代物，只能用which，且不可省略；如指代人，只能用whom，且不可省略。,4) 限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句 根据定语从句和先行词关系疏密的情况，可以把定语从句分为限制性定语从句(Restrictive Relative Clause)和非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Cl

5、ause)。限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，是句子意义上不可分割的一部分。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充、说明作用，不影响主句的意义表达。例如： Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. He visited the school, after which he was invited to the city hall. T

6、he sun shines, which makes it possible for things to live. I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.,5) as引导的定语从句 当先行词被the same或such修饰时，定语从句常由as引导。例如： She is not the same girl as she used to be. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 非限制性定语从句的谓语动词为know，see，suggest，turn out等时，由as引导从句。例： The Nile is the longest river in the world, as we all know. A fast food restaurant is a place, as the name suggests, where eating is performed quickly. 非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，由as引导。例如： As is mentioned above, the number of the stud