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1、虚拟语气,The subjunctive mood is to express kinds of hypothetic and imaginative situations or subjective wishes.,Subjunctive Mood,用来表示一种假设的情况或主观的愿望,是一种表示非真实情况或主观设想的动词形式。按照不同的时间,主、从句中的动词形式发生变化。,1.虚拟语气在非真实条件从句的构成和用法 (Sentences of Unreal Condition),1. If I _ (have) the money, I _ (travel) round the world.,

2、2. If I _ (take) your advice, I _ (not make) that mistake.,3. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ stay. (had, would travel; had taken, wouldnt have made; were/should be, would stay),注:1.当条件从句含有were,had或should时,可省略if并倒装。,1.Had I taken your advice, I wouldnt have made that mistake. 2. Were I in your pos

3、ition, I would stay.,注 2. 根据内容的需要,从句与主句可有不一致的错综时间。,If it had not rained last night, the ground would not be so muddy this morning. If we had left a little earlier, we wouldnt be walking in the rain now.,例 If you had been more careful, we _ much better results now. would be gettingB. would have got C

4、. gotD. had got,(A),2. 用介词短语取代if从句的含蓄条件中的虚拟语气;常用的词语有:otherwise, without, but for, but that, supposing, suppose, on condition that, in case, lest, for fear that,1.我们不知道他的电话号码;否则我们早就给他打电话了。 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 2. 地球上要是没了水,植物都会消亡的。 Without water o

5、n the earth, plants would die. 没有你,我会怎么办? What would I have done without you?,3. 若不是起雾,我们在早之前就已到达目的地了。 But for the fog, we would have reached the destination long ago. 如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验室不会成功的。 But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 若不是你帮助过他,否则他早就失败了。 But that you helped him, he

6、would have failed. 4. 假如你是一只小鸟,你就能自由了。 Suppose you were a bird, you would be free. 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会,你会接受吗? Supposing your were given a chance to study in America, would you accept?,5.他可以骑这辆自行车,条件是他能够明天把它还回来。 He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 6. In case, lest, for f

7、ear that,I reminded her twice of it lest she should forget. I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him. He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold.,注:在这些目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用should (could, might) + 动词原形。而lest引导的从句,更常用 should + 动词原形。,3. wish后的宾语从句 wish 后面的宾语从句常常使用

8、虚拟语气,表示与主句谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的情况或将来不太可能实现的愿望。其句型为:,S + wish + that +S + 过去式(be 动词用were)(同时的情况),S + wish + that +S + had +过去分词(先于的情况),S + wish + that +S + would/should/could/might + 动词原形(将来的愿望),I wish that he werent so lazy. He wishes that he were a teacher. I wish that he had not made so much

9、fuss about it. I wish that the rain would stop.,注:在“it is wished that”句型中也要求用虚拟语气,形式同上。,I wish you _ like that. dont take B. wont talk C. wouldnt talk D. not to talk,(C),4. If only 引起的句子 if only后的从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表示愿望、意为“但愿”。用“过去时或would + 动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。,If only we knew where to look

10、for him! If only I had listened to my parents!,Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. FollowB. had followed C. would followD.Have followed,(B),5. “It is (about, high) time + that ”句型的虚拟语气,在该句型中,要根据需要使用虚拟语气,用以表示早该做而未做的事,含有建议的意味,其动词形式通常为过去式或should + 动词原形(should 不能省略)。,如:1. It

11、s time that she gave up her girlish mannerism. 2. It is high time that I should leave.,It is high time that we _ off. A. are B. will be C. had been D. were,(D),6.would rather, had rather, would as soon, would sooner, would prefer,等后宾语从句中的虚拟语气,该宾语从句往往省略that, 从句的主语和主句的主语不是同一个人时,该句型表示希望或婉转的责备,从句动词用过去式表

12、示当时或将来的情况;用过去完成式表示过去的情况,意为“宁愿某人做某事”。,I would rather you posted the letter right away.(倒希望) I would prefer he didnt stay there too long. I would as soon you had returned the book yesterday.,Hed rather not go dancing tonight. Id rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.,7. 用在表示愿望、请求、建议、

13、命令等动词的宾语从句的虚拟语气。,提议:suggest, propose, recommend 主张: insist, maintain, urge 要求:ask, request, require, demand, desire 命令:order, command,主语 + suggest+ that+ 主语 + (should) + 动词原形,We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans. A. informB. informs C. informedD. has informed,(A),2.

14、 He asked he _ an opportunity to explain his case. be givenB. gives C. is givenD. should give,(A),John Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. is to be analyzed be analyzed has been analyze

15、d should have been analyzed,(B),8. 同位语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气,在表示建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,“should + 动词原形”。常见的名词有:suggestion, proposal, order, request, recommendation, requirement, idea, wish, plan, demand, decision, necessity, desire等。,1. Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be r

16、esisted.,2. His idea that we (should) take up the matter with a special board is fairly reasonable.,3. Our suggestion is that we (should) put on a play at the English evening.,9. 用在主语从句中的虚拟语气,当虚拟语气用在主语从句时,主句谓语的动词主要是表示说话人的态度或愿望的词。 常用的这类形容词或分词有:essential, important, natural, preferable, required, sugg

17、ested, ordered, demanded, desired, necessary, urgent, advisable, desirable, proper, obligatory, vital, compulsory, crucial, fitting, better, best, appropriate, recommended, requested 等。,It is/was + essential + that+ 主语+ (should) + 动词原形,It is urgent that a new law should be enacted to protect childre

18、n.,It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A. not be started B. will not be started C. is not started D. is not to be started,(A),10. 以as if 和as though (好似,好像)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中的虚拟语气。,用法:从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式;如果要表示与过去事实相反,用 had + 过去分词;当表示将来的可能性不大时,则用 would (migh

19、t, could) + 动词原形。,I feel as if I were ten years younger. He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself I feel as if we had known each other for years. It looks as if it might rain.,My uncle always talks as though he _ a public meeting. address addressed is addressing were addressing,(D)

20、,11. Imagine等词后句中及what if句中的虚拟语气,imagine, what if引导的条件句,可以表示非现实的情况和态度,用法和wish一样。,Imagine that we were on a desolate island now. What if you came tomorrow, instead of today?,12. 虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的祈使句中,动词一般要用原形或“may + 动词原形”, 同时要注意句子的主谓倒装。,祝你长寿! Long may you live! 2. 愿你幸福! May you be happy! May you have a mer

21、ry Christmas!,_ today, I would get there by Sunday. Would I leave Was I leaving Were I to leave If I leave,(C),2. Suppose you were given a chance to go abroad, _ you accept? would will shall do,(A),3. If Bob _ with us, he would have had a good time. would come would have come had come came,(C),4. If I had spoken to him yesterday, I _ what to do now. would have known should

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