2020托福阅读的权威备考资料

1、2020托福阅读的权威备考资料 托福阅读的权威备考资料有哪些?今天给大家带来了托福阅读的权威备考资料,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读的权威备考资料托福阅读备考中推荐使用的主要材料有：托福官方指南(og)，tpo1-31，老托福阅读100篇。首先说og，这本书对于初学者来说是比较重要的。拿到手时，先看一下36页到60页的内容，涉及十大题型的介绍，每个题型下面都有相应例题。在所有题型介绍完之后，有六篇和考试相仿的*，可以挑出其中一篇或三篇用于自测。书中所附的答案都有详尽的解释。在上任何辅导班之前，都有必要自己先了解一下，这一方面在于摸清自己的水平，一方面也能提高之后首

2、次课的听课效率。其次是需要重点利用的材料，tpo1-31。tpo(toefl practice online)本来是在线测试的题目，现在在网络上都能找到模考软件版和word文档版，也可以直接找同学老师拷贝。不定期会有更新，现在一共出到了31套，也就是有93篇*，相较于og上面的*来说。tpo 的难度是有所提升的 (新版og的3套练习均来自tpo)。tpo是托福考试的出题者制作的，是接近考试难度的备考材料。任何主流的辅导班，基本都是以此为重点加以讲解分析。因此，tpo在质和量上都能满足任何学霸。经常有学生问是不是越到后面的*越难，但其实难度分布没有这一规律。如tpo1-2、8-3、9-2、13-

3、2、16-2、19-1、19-3就比后面很多*难得很多。使用方法是：1、利用word版，从tpo1到10，可以按照og中十大题型(除了内容小结题和图表题)的分类进行专门的题型练习，结合og总结出一套自己的做题方法。2、利用word版，从tpo10到15，进行整篇*的整合训练，看前面所有的题型结合起来，在整篇*中是如何能起到相互弥补的作用。这时的练习不需要计时。关键在于吃透题目、段落之间的关系。总结出内容小结题和图表题的做题方法，同时回顾之前篇章的这两个题目。3、利用word版，从tpo16到20，整篇*的计时练习。时间可以由慢到快(25分钟到23分钟再到20分钟)。分析错题原因的同时分析哪些题

4、目上需要提速。4、利用模考软件版，从tpo21到31，可以根据自己在步骤3中的情况，选择继续坚持整篇练习或者开始整套(1小时)练习。上述过程中所有做过的题目，使用word版保存错题，错题分析要找到原文对应依据，写出自己当时的思路，分析自己的错因，以备在所有tpo做完之后再一次回顾错题，考前复习。另外，从tpo1开始，建立一个exel表格，养成整理生词的习惯，供反复复习。后说一下老托阅读100篇的使用。该材料可以在网络上搜到。这个是之前老托考试的题目，词语和句子的难度上不亚于新托福，但是题目难度上不高。每篇*是新托的一半，即350字左右。对于基础薄弱的学员不推荐使用(基础薄弱的学员先背好四级单词

5、，把og上15篇*全部翻译弄懂，然后就可以开始tpo了)，而对于已经把tpo做得滚瓜烂熟又比较空虚的学员，可以用老托来对自己的托福单词查缺补漏，长句子可以练习翻译断句。题目因为在难度上与新托福有差距，并不推荐花太多时间去做和研究。对于题目的研究，精力集中在tpo的错题上是的。托福阅读真题原题+题目aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. they

6、 continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.when parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. heat is transferred from the birds skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the si

7、des and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. this temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting

8、 material. such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. as the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird,

9、 which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.in artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the birds meth

10、od of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. when incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. in areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very im

11、portant to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. if eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. similarly, these boxes should be p

12、rotected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.1. what is the main idea

13、of the passage ?(a) nesting material varies according to the parrots environment.(b) humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots eggs.(c) aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(d) wild parrots nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. the word th

14、ey in line 2 refers to(a) aviculturists(b) birds(c) eggs3. according to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are coolerthan the top, then(a) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(b) the embryo will not develop normally(c) the incubating parent moves the

15、 egg to a new position.(d) the incubation process is slowed down4. according to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(a) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(b) hold the nest together(c) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(d) make the nest bigger5. acc

16、ording to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(a) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(b) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(c) keep the nest in a clean condition(d) touch the bottom of the eggs6. all of the following are part of a parrots incubation m

17、ethod except(a) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(b) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(c) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(d) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. the word suspend in line 18 is closest in me

18、aning to(a) build(b) paint(c) hang(d) move8. the word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a) close(b) deadly(c) natural(d) hot9. the word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to(a) fresh(b) dry(c) safe(d) warm10. according to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(a) a

19、constant source of humidity(b) a strong nest box(c) more room for newly hatched chicks(d) protection against cold weather11. which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(a) they lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(b) they are unable to heat the eggs evenly(c) the

20、y do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(d) they are expensive to operate.12. which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(a) aviculturists (line 1)(b) gradient (line 8)(c) incubation (line 15)(d) embryo (line 22)托福阅读真题原题+题目the first flying vertebrates were

21、 true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. these were the pterosaurs, literally the winged lizards. the earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the triassic period of the mesozoic era, s

22、ome 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or

23、 more, larger than many airplanes. these flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. they must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.bird

24、s, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. they are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for th

25、e same reason in this case, for flight. although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. that is because of the unusual pr

26、eservation in a limestone quarry in southern germany of archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. they have the skull and teeth of a rept

27、ile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that archaeopteryx was a bird. all birds living today, from the great condors of the andes to the tiniest wrens,

28、 trace their origin back to the mesozoic dinosaurs.1. what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) characteristics of pterosaur wings(b) the discovery of fossil remains of archaeopteryx(c) reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates(d) the development of flight in reptiles and birds2. which o

29、f the following is true of early reptile wings?(a) they evolved from strong limb muscles.(b) they consisted of an extension of skin.(c) they connected the front and back limbs.(d) they required fingers of equal length.3. the word literally in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a) creating(b) meaning(c)

30、 related to(d) simplified4. it can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies(a) in the early triassic period(b) before the appearance of pterosaurs(c) after the decline of pterosaurs(d) before dinosaurs could be found on land.5. the author mentions airplanes in line

31、 8 in order to(a) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs(b) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines(c) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight(d) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils6. the word they in line 10 refers to(a) powerful muscles(b) bodies(c) jaws(d) flying reptiles7. according to the passage , pterosaurs were probably not skillful fliers (lines 10-11) because(a) of their limited wingspan(b) of their disproportionately large bodies(c) they lacked musc