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1、外文资料 CAM mechanism CAM mechanism with oscillating follower by CAM, three basic components and testing of high vice institutions. The CAM is a curve profile or groove with the component, generally to active pieces, be constant rotation movement or reciprocating linear motion. CAM mechanism with oscil

2、lating follower by CAM, three basic components and testing of high vice institutions. The CAM is a curve profile or groove with the component, generally to active pieces, be constant rotation movement or reciprocating linear motion. And the CAM contour contacts, and transfer power and for achieving

3、the component, the movement rule of general do reciprocating linear motion or wobble, called a follower. CAM in the application basic features can make follower get more complex movement rules. Because follower motion depends on the CAM contour curve, so the application, as long as the motion law of

4、 according to follower to design the CAM contour curve. CAM is widely used in various automatic machinery, equipment Disc CAM, cylindrical CAM and mobile CAM etc, with cylindrical CAM groove curve is the space curve, thus belong to spatial CAM. CAM follower and make contacts or line contact, have ro

5、ller follower, flat-bottomed follower and sophisticated follower, etc. Tip with any complex follower of CAM contour maintain contact, may realize the arbitrary exercise, but sophisticated easy wear and applicable YuChuanLi smaller low-speed institutions. In order to make the CAM follower and always

6、maintain contact, can use nukes Reed or exerting gravity. With the CAM groove can make follower of sports, for transfer to determine that a dynamic CAM. Usually the CAM is active, but also have driven or fixed CAM. Most of the CAM issingle-degree-of-freedom, but also have double dof conoid CAM. Comp

7、act structure, CAM follower is most suitable for requirements for intermittent movement occasion. It and hydraulic and pneumatic of similar institutions comparison, sports and reliable, so in automatic lathes, internal combustion engines, m. presses and widely used. But CAM mechanism, wear easily, h

8、ave noise of high-speed CAM design is more complex, manufacturing requirements is higher. classification CAM classification: According to the CAM shape points 1) disc CAM 2) mobile CAM 3) cylindrical CAM Press follower type points 1) pointed bottom follower; 2) roller follower; 3) flat-bottomed foll

9、ower According to maintain high vice contact points (lock match) 1) force lock match: spring force, gravity, etc; 2) geometric lock match: equal-diameter CAM, width CAM; advantages Simple and compact structure, design is convenient, can achieve follower arbitrary expected sport, so in machine tools,

10、 textile machinery, light industry machinery, printing machinery, electromechanical integration assemble extensively applied. faults 1) dot, line contact wear easily; 2) CAM contour machining difficulty; 3) trip is not big Follower motion rule With roller in the head-on straight moving follower disc

11、 CAM (figure 2), CAM follower turn in a week for litres - stop - drop - stop 4 movement. The CAM is a curve profile or groove with the component, generally to active pieces, be constant rotation movement or reciprocating linear motion. Follower displacement s (or stroke height (h) and CAM corner (or

12、 time t) called the relationship displacement curve. Follower trip h pushing process and return. CAM contour curve displacement curve shape depends. In some mechanical, by the process of displacement curve decision, but usually only stroke and the corresponding CAM corner according to work need to d

13、ecide, and the shape of the curve is selected by the designer, can have a variety of sports laws. The traditional CAM movement rules have accelerated - such as constant, speed and cosine acceleration and sine acceleration, etc. Constant movement rules for a speed mutations, will produce strong rigid

14、 impact, only suitable for low speed. Slow down and speed - such as the acceleration speed mutations add 8031, can cause flexible impact, only applies to medium, low speed. Sine acceleration movement rules of acceleration curve is continuous, without any impact, can be used for high speed. In order

15、to make the acceleration of CAM motion and its speed rate is too large, taking into account the momentum, vibration, CAM size, spring size and process requirements, etc, still can design the various other movement rules. Application more useful segments curve combination becomes movement rules, such

16、 as deformation sine acceleration, deformation trapezoid acceleration and deformation constant movement rules etc., using electronic computer can also optional combination into various movement rules. Still can use polynomial says movement rules, and to get a continuous acceleration curve. In order

17、to obtain the most satisfied with the acceleration curve, still can give a with numerical form any acceleration curve, and then use the finite difference method for displacement curve, finally designed CAM contour line. Some automata usually use several CAM coordination work, in order to make each C

18、AM control each part of a coordinated actions, still must CAM Design before compiling a correct movement cycle figure. And reduce surface roughness. CAM working conditions is the air is dry, lubricating oil clean, or use with a variety of additives lubricating oil. Lubricant viscosity and oil-suppli

19、ed way choice to consider the shape and CAM follower of speed, etc. CAM and follower of materials should be appropriately, such as a hard to match the cheap steel and cast iron, suitable for high speed sliding; Hardened steel and phosphorus bronze vibration and noise is small, still can compensate o

20、utline of are not accurate. Cast steel and cast iron matching use effect is fair. But hard nickel steel and hard nickel steel, mild steel and mild steel etc is the effect not beautiful combination of. For geometry parameters, lubrication, materials and surface roughness etc, also can use elastohyddr

21、odynamic lubrication theory, in order to reduce wear integrated computation. Improve life CAM contour line design The illustrations and analytical design CAM in two ways. To bring the roller head-on straight moving follower, for example, graphic method, in determining the , displacement curve s init

22、ial position and CAM roller center after yankees r0 circle radius, CAM contour line can be obtained by inversion, even convex motionless, find out a series of relative to the CAM roller with smooth curve position, connecting the roller center B1, B2, B3. The theory of such point asking CAM profiling

23、, to make these roller envelope that get the actual contour of CAM. Choose roller radius rr, the theoretical contour should be less than the minimum radius of curvature, lest produce interference. Also, with analytical method to determine the first follower displacement change rule s = s (), base ci

24、rcle radius r0 and roller radius, thereby get rr theoretical contour of CAM x = - the parameter equation , y = rcos rsi , type of r = r0 + s. CAM actual contour line is composed of a series of roller round the envelope curve clan, clan for the equation curve, y1 clamps its x1 f (x) = (2 + clamps its

25、 x1 - y1 - y) 2 - r = 0, so connections f (y1, clamps its x1, may have curve) = 0, namely the envelope family of actual contour (see conjugate curves). Base circle radius chosen smaller, the greater the pressure Angle of CAM design income to size are small, but unfavorable force, serious still can h

26、appen self-locking phenomenon, so in space allows conditions should adopt the larger base circle radius to improve the stress of the CAM. Use electronic computers convex contour line design can improve efficiency and comprehensive consideration from various optimized design. This can be used to get

27、all kinds of sports laws of the follower displacement, velocity and acceleration equivalence and convex profile coordinates, calculate CAM contour line the curvature radius, arbitrary point pressure Angle and stress, meet the contact intensity and anti-wear Angle, for minimal size of the CAM, and st

28、ill can draw the CAM space graphics. By grinding measures CAM easy to wear, one of the main reasons is contact stress is bigger. The roller CAM and the contact stress can be considered separately equal to pick. CAM radius Touch the curvature radius and in the two YuanZhuMian contact roller radius of

29、 compressive stress, and the calculation formulas used polarized should make the calculation stress less than allowable stress. Prompted CAM wear factors and load characteristics, geometric parameter, materials, surface roughness, corrosion, sliding, lubrication and processing, etc. Which lubricates

30、 and material choice to wear life influence especially large. In order to reduce wear, improve service life, in addition to limit the contact stress of heat treatment and surface chemistry will be taken measures such as low load running-in, in order to improve the material surface hardness. Must reg

31、ard driven system as a flexible system to design. System output terminal part of the movement( ) with CAM s the part of the sport s contact () the differences, the so-called displacement response. Therefore shall first be reasonably selected s (), obtained( ), then sc () by ask CAM contour line. It

32、can be applied to the bearing capacity of the elastohyddrodynamic lubrication theory calculation method. High-speed CAM follower for larger, more than spring in inertia force and other plus force may open CAM contour line instantaneous off, produce beating and cause vibration. For indeed move CAM gr

33、oove, with from one side to the other side contact often can cause shock vibration. This phenomenon can through the reasonable choice of motion, a properly designed spring and improving system solution to rigid, etc. High-speed CAM shall also have the high profile manufacture accuracy and low surfac

34、e roughness and properly choose oil and lubrication method.中文译文凸轮机构是由凸轮,从动件和机架三个基本构件组成的高副机构。 凸轮是一个具有曲线轮廓或凹槽的构件,一般为主动件,作等速回转运动或往复直线运动。凸轮机构是由凸轮,从动件和机架三个基本构件组成的高副机构。 凸轮机构凸轮是一个具有曲线轮廓或凹槽的构件,一般为主动件,作等速回转运动或往复直线运动。 凸轮机构与凸轮轮廓接触,并传递动力和实现预定的运动规律的构件,一般做往复直线运动或摆动,称为从动件。 凸轮机构在应用中的基本特点在于能使从动件获得较复杂的运动规律。因为从动件的运动规律

35、取决于凸轮轮廓曲线,所以在应用时,只要根据从动件的运动规律来设计凸轮的轮廓曲线就可以了。 凸轮机构广泛应用于各种自动机械、仪器和操纵控制装置。凸轮机构之所以得到如此广泛的应用,主要是由于凸轮机构可以实现各种复杂的运动要求,而且结构简单、紧凑。由凸轮的回转运动或往复运动推动从动件作规定往复移动或摆动的机构。凸轮具有曲线轮廓或凹槽,有 凸轮机构盘形凸轮、圆柱凸轮和移动凸轮等,其中圆柱凸轮的凹槽曲线是空间曲线,因而属于空间凸轮。从动件与凸轮作点接触或线接触,有滚子从动件、平底从动件和尖端从动件等。尖端从动件能与任意复杂的凸轮轮廓保持接触,可实现任意运动,但尖端容易磨损,适用于传力较小的低速机构中。为

36、了使从动件与凸轮始终保持接触,可采用弹 凸轮机构簧或施加重力。具有凹槽的凸轮可使从动件传递确定的运动,为确动凸轮的一种。一般情况下凸轮是主动的,但也有从动或固定的凸轮。多数凸轮是单自由度的,但也有双自由度的劈锥凸轮。凸轮机构结构紧凑,最适用于要求从动件作间歇运动的场合。它与液压和气动的类似机构比较,运动可靠,因此在自动机床、内燃机、印刷机和纺织机中得到广泛应用。但凸轮机构易磨损,有噪声,高速凸轮的设计比较复杂,制造要求较高。 凸轮机构的分类: 按凸轮形状分1)盘形凸轮 2)移动凸轮 3)圆柱凸轮 按从动件型式分1)尖底从动件; 2)滚子从动件; 3)平底从动件 按维持高副接触分1)力锁合:弹簧

37、力、重力等; 2)几何锁合:等径凸轮、等宽凸轮; 优点结构简单、紧凑、设计方便,可实现从动件任意预期运动,因此在机床、纺织机械、轻工机械、印刷机械、机电一体化装配中大量应用。 缺点1)点、线接触易磨损; 2)凸轮轮廓加工困难; 3)行程不大 从动件运动规律在带滚子的对心直动从动件盘形凸轮机构(图2)中,凸轮回转一周从动件依次作升-停-降-停4个动作。 凸轮机构从动件位移s(或行程高度h)与凸轮转角(或时间t)的关系称为位移曲线。从动件的行程h有推程和回程。 凸轮轮廓曲线决定于位移曲线的形状。在某些机械中,位移曲线由工艺过程决定,但一般情况下只有行程和对应的凸轮转角根据工作需要决定,而曲线的形状

38、则由设计者选定,可以有多种运动规律。传统的凸轮运动规律有等速、等加速等减速、余弦加速度和正弦加速度等。等速运动规律因有速度突变,会产生强烈的刚性冲击,只适用于低速。等加速-等减速和余弦加速度也有加速度突变,会引起柔性冲击,只适用于中、低速。正弦加速度运动规律的加速度曲线是连续的,没有任何冲击,可用于高速。 凸轮机构为使凸轮机构运动的加速度及其速度变化率都不太大,同时考虑动量、振动、凸轮尺寸、弹簧尺寸和工艺要求等问题,还可设计出其他各种运动规律。应用较多的有用几段曲线组合而成的运动规律,诸如变形正弦加速度、变形梯形加速度和变形等速的运动规律等,利用电子计算机也可以随意组合成各种运动规律。还可以采用多项式表示的运动规律,以获得一连续的加速度曲线。为了获得最满意的加速度曲线,还可以任意用数值形式给出一条加速度曲线,然后用有限差分法求出位移曲线,最后设计出凸轮廓线。 一些自动机通常用几个凸轮配合工作,为了使各个凸轮所控制的各部分动作配合协调,还必须在凸轮 凸轮机构设计以前先编制一个正确的运动循环图。 和降低表面粗糙度。凸轮的工作条件是空气干燥、润滑油洁净,或采用加有

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