英语毕业论文指导演示课件

.,.,1,Thesis Writing,.,.,2,Definition and Purpose thesis writing, that is the writing of a research paper.A research paper usually deals with an important issue, factual or theoretical, and it is usually fairly long and well-documented.,.,.,3,purpose or objectives of thesis writing,1. You may learn how to use libraries, how to read books critically and efficiently, and how to use books wisely and correctly.2. You may familiarize yourself with the knowledge and mechanics necessary for writing a research paper. 3. You may combine the course work of Thesis Writing with the actual preparation of your BA paper writing. 4. You may also gain some experience in writing long papers or reports, which most probably will be part of your future work.,.,.,4,Thesis writing consists of three parts:,1. Steps 2. Format3. A sample,.,.,5,Steps,Generally speaking, you go through five steps or stages in the process of preparing a research paper: 1.choosing a topic; 2.collecting information; 3.analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out an outline; 4.writing the first draft; and 5.revising the draft and finalizing the paper.,.,.,6,Unit 1Choosing a Topic,.,.,7,Goals 1. Become aware of the importance of choosing a manageable topic in the process of writing of a research paper. 2.Learn to follow the 4 steps in choosing a topic.,.,.,8,go from the general to the specific in the following way:,1) Selecting a general topic;2) Reading and thinking;3) Narrowing down the scope of your topic to a specific aspect;4) Formulating the final topic.,.,.,9,Locating your interest,Language studiesApplication studies Literary studiesInternational/Culture studiesTranslation studies*,(*毕业论文可以是翻译评论，但不接受单纯的翻译文本),Academic research areas for English majors,.,.,10,Your interestFocus on the input of your coursesGo to the library and read source materials (books, periodical indexes, encyclopeadias)Search Internet for ideasAsk questions about your general interest Talk with others,Tips for choosing a topic,Selecting a topic,.,.,11,Sample,General topic: 20th Century American NovelistsRestricted: Hemingway and His WorksMore restricted: Hemingway and His Short StoriesTopic chosen: Old People in Hemingways Short Stories,.,.,12,Another example,translation,English translation in public signs,English translation in the public signs of the 16th Asian Games,English translation in the restaurants of the 16th Asian Games,.,.,13,The academic and practical value of the topic (trivial, overused, contemporary)Availability of relevant sources on the chosen topic (too big, too small, too technical)Your ability of narrowing the topic down to a manageable size within the time limit,Checklist for the feasibility of a topic,.,.,14,不适当的选题：麦当劳为什么一直这么牛？浅谈超前消费是否适合现今中国年轻消费群英国的足球文化丰田汽车如何称霸全球如何成为全面的高级英语人材良好的中美关系有利于世界和平中国经济之我见中国进入WTO后所面临的挑战从“龙”一词的文化内涵看汉英文化的差异全球金融危机对2008年秋交会的影响及应对策略,.,.,15,不适当的选题：中西妇女社会地位的比较研究美国女权运动以及对我国女性社会地位的影响翻译的归化与异化英语商标翻译透过吸血鬼和僵尸看中西文化房价升降的社会因素研究人力资源的调配与成本的核算谈中国电子商务的利弊商务英语专业课程设置与改革“合作学习”策略在英语教学中的应用任务型教学法的理论与实践北京及上海旅游景点公示语中英翻译错误及纠错对策,.,.,16,Unit 2Collecting Information,.,.,17,Goals 1. Learn to use the library.2. Be able to read books and other materials in the right way.3. Learn to take reading notes.,.,.,18,Information,Information here refers to the material you will need for your research. It is impossible for you to write a paper of some significance without any information, and the quality and quantity of the information you have for your paper show the depth of your research. You should begin collecting the necessary information for your paper the moment you begin your research and you are supposed to keep on doing this till the end of your research.,.,.,19,1. Using the library,In a library, books are arranged alphabetically according to their authors, titles and the subjects they belong to. That is to say each book has an author card, a title card and one or more subject cards in the card catalogue rooms. Nowadays, most libraries are computerized and the books are arranged in the same way as in the card catalogue rooms,.,.,20,To familiarize yourself with the research backgroundTo discover existing studies and ideas,.,.,21,Why? How? the library (books, journals) the internet search engines （百度, 谷歌, /intl/zh-CN/ 谷歌学术搜索，A, W, A) online periodicals (/ 中国期刊网， / 维普期刊数据库 / 万方数据知识库 )d. 读秀学术搜索,.,.,22,2. Reading,You should learn to read books quickly and critically. It is not always necessary to read an article from beginning to end or a book from cover to cover. it is necessary to know what has been said about the book and who has said so. try to find the latest edition of the book and compare what is said in it with what other books say on the same topic.,.,.,23,Reading the relevant literature,Think critically while you read.Evaluate the source (author, publisher, date, periodicals, content).Learn to give up.Begin from the easier literature, and develop a clear line.,.,.,24,Always keep your research topic and research question(s) in mind. a tentative thesis statement a preliminary outline,.,.,25,3. Taking notes,Rules for note-taking1) Take notes on cards, or on separate pieces of paper.2) Place only one note on a card. 3) Be selective.,.,.,26,Taking notes,Dont rely too much on your memory.,.,.,27,What to note?The facts or ideas useful to you researchThe source of these facts and ideas (cf. bibliography card)A key word,.,.,28,Information on a note card,Every note card should contain two kinds of information:1) the fact, idea or opinion, and 2) the source. Since you have the complete data for the source on your bibliography card, you need to give yourselves just enough information on the note card to refer to the appropriate bibliographical reference. Usually, the authors last name and the page number from which you take the information will be sufficient.,.,.,29,Types of notesDirect quotationSummary/PrecisParaphraseOutline Personal comment,.,.,30,Kinds of notes,Basically, there are three major kinds of notes: the direct quotation, the paraphrase, and the summary. The direct quotation is a note that takes down the exact wording of a particular effective statement on a subject. The paraphrase is a note that takes down the information of a source in your own words. The summary is a note that abstracts and condenses a large amount of material into a small space. Whichever method you use, you must cite the source of the information.,.,.,31,sample note card,.,.,32,.,.,33,sample bibliography card,.,.,34,The bibliographic informationauthor or authorsyear of publicationthe title of the book, paper, article, etc.place of publication, if applicablepublisherpage numbers, if applicablewhere the source is, i.e. where do you find the item,Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.刘绍龙.2002.英语词汇知识的维间发展与习得特征.解放军外国语学院学报, 2:66-69.,.,.,35,How to note?Uniform in sizePutting one item on one cardWriting on front, keeping the back blankBeing thorough and concise,.,.,36,Unit 3 Analyzing the Information ,Organizing Ideas ,Working Out an Outline,.,.,37,Goals :Learn to analyze your information and organize your ideas to work out a thesis statement for your paper. Learn to write an outline for your paper,.,.,38,1. The thesis statement,The thesis statement is the central idea of your research paper. The thesis Statement is usually a single sentence that expresses the main point of view on your topic. In your thesis statement, you should only state the central idea of your paper. Words like I intend to, The purpose of this paper is to, or The method of research I am going to adopt is should not appear in your thesis statement.,.,.,39,Sample,Topic: Confucius Main Teaching Methods and Their Applicability to Chinas Education TodayThesis statement: Confucius elicitation method of teaching and that of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude are still applicable to Chinas education today.,.,.,40,2. Outlining,An outline is the framework of a research paper. The outline will help you organize your ideas and put your material in good order. a topic outline, in which all the parts of your paper are laid out in short phrases. a sentence outline, in which all points of your paper are expressed in complete sentences.,.,.,41,Topic outlineSentence outlineParagraph outline,Types of outline,.,.,42,.,.,43,.,.,44,.,.,45,Unit 4 Writing the First Draft,.,.,46,GoalsWhen writing your paper, learn to1. use your own words,2. use the proper tenses,3. unite facts and views,4. pay attention to logic and organization,5. make your tone objective rather than personal, and6. choose the right style.,.,.,47,1. Using your own words,The basic principle is that the paper must be yours your ideas, your organization, and for the most part, your own words,.,.,48,2. Using the proper tenses,1) When you are dealing with an event or a concept of the past, the past tense should be your basic tense.Sample 1Confucius often encouraged his disciples to express their own ideas so that they would form the habit of active thinking. When a student was too timid to express his ideas, the Master urged him on in a most friendly manner, and did not command him with the severity of an old-style Chinese teacher.,.,.,49,2) Biographical details of a persons life should normally be reported in the past tense.Sample 2Ernest Hemingway (18991961) was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. His father was a successful and well-to-do physician who enjoyed hunting and fishing in his spare time. He often took young Hemingway with him while hunting or fishing and initiated him into the virtues of sportsman. It is said that Dr. Hemingway left his son not only a way of life but also a way of death.,.,.,50,3) If you mention events in a story in a chronological order, you should use the simple present tense for all. But the simple past tense or the present perfect tense should be used for an event that happened before one that has been mentioned.,.,.,51,Sample 3Here is a summary of The Scarlet Letter in The Oxford Companion to American Literature.,.,.,52,An aged English scholar sends his young wife, Hester Prynne, to establish their home in Boston. When he arrives two years later, he finds Hester in the pillory with her illegitimate child in her arms. She refuses to name her lover and is sentenced to wear a scarlet A, signifying Adulteress, as a token of her sin. The husband conceals his identity, assumes the name Roger Chillingworth, and in the guise of a doctor seeks to discover her paramour. Hester, a woman of strong, independent nature, in her ostracism becomes sympathetic with other unfortunates, and her works of mercy gradually win her the respect of her neighbors. Chillingworth meanwhile discovers that the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a revered, seemingly saintly young minister, is the father of Hesters beautiful, mischievous child, Pearl.,.,.,53,Dimmesdale has struggled for years with his burden of hidden guilt, but, though he does secret penance, pride prevents him from confessing publicly, and he continues to be tortured by his conscience. Chillingworths life is ruined by his preoccupation with his cruel search, and he becomes a morally degraded monomaniac. Hester wishes her lover to flee with her to Europe, but he refuses the plan as a temptation from the Evil One, and makes a public confession on the pillory in which Hester had once been placed. He dies there in her arms, a man broken by his concealed guilt, but Hester lives on, triumphant over her sin because she openly confessed it, to devote herself to assuring a happy life in Europe for Pearl, and helping others in misfortune.,.,.,54,4) The present tense should also be used for your comments on the content of a book or the language and style of an author.,Sample 4Saul Bellow is regarded by many as probably the most important living American novelist. Seize the Day is considered to be Bellows greatest achievement, and one of the great short novels written by an American.,.,.,55,5) When you quote from an authority, the reporting verb can also be in the present tense.,Sample 5Sinclair Lewis (18851951), the first American Nobel Prize winner for literature says that Dreiser. more than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in the American fiction to honesty, boldness and passion of life.,.,.,56,3. Uniting facts and views,a good paper is marked by the unity of facts and views.Your paper is not good if it just expresses a lot of views, even good ones, without strong supporting facts. Your paper is not good either if the facts, even interesting ones, in it do not support your view or views.,.,.,57,4. Paying attention to logic and organization,Views should be developed logically and facts should be used to support your views at the right tim