chap11 [管理成本会计] cga ma1 managerial accounting ,management accounting 课件

2012 McGraw-Hill Education (Asia)Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenFlexible Budgets andPerformance AnalysisChapter 11McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 2Learning Objective 1Prepare a flexible budget.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 3Characteristics of Flexible BudgetsPlanning budgetsare prepared fora single, plannedlevel of activity. Performance evaluation is difficult when actual activity differs from the planned level of activity.Hmm! Comparingstatic planning budgetswith actual costsis like comparingapples and oranges.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 4Improve performance evaluation.May be prepared for any activity level in the relevant range.Show costs that should have beenincurred at the actual level ofactivity, enabling “apples to apples”cost comparisons.Help managers control costs.Lets look at Larrys Lawn Service.Characteristics of Flexible BudgetsMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 5Larrys Lawn Service provides lawn care in a planned community where all lawns are approximately the same size.At the end of May, Larry prepared his June budget based onmowing 500 lawns. Since all of the lawns are similar in size,Larry felt that the number of lawns mowed in a month wouldbe the best way to measure overall activity for his business.Larrys Budget Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 6Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetLarrys Planning BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 7Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetLarrys Actual ResultsMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 8Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetLarrys Actual Results Compared with the Planning BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 9Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetLarrys Actual Results Compared with the Planning BudgetF = Favorable variance that occurs when actual costs are less than budgeted costs.U = Unfavorable variance that occurs when actual costs are greater than budgeted costs.F = Favorable variance that occurs when actual revenue is greater than budgeted revenue.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 10Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetLarrys Actual Results Compared with the Planning BudgetSince these variances are favorable, has Larry done a good job controlling costs?Since these variances are unfavorable, has Larry done a poor job controlling costs? McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 11I dont think Ican answer thequestions usinga static budget.Actual activity is above planned activity. So, shouldnt the variablecosts be higher if actualactivity is higher?Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 12 The relevant question is . . .“How much of the cost variances is due to higher activity, and how much is due to cost control?” To answer the question,we mustthe budget to theactual level of activity. Deficiencies of the Static Planning BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 13How a Flexible Budget WorksTo a budget we need to know that: Total variable costs changein direct proportion to changes in activity. Total fixed costs remainunchanged within therelevant range. FixedVariableMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 14Lets prepare abudgetfor Larrys Lawn Service.How a Flexible Budget WorksMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 15Preparing a Flexible BudgetLarrys Flexible BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 16Quick Check What should the total wages and salaries cost be in a flexible budget for 600 lawns?a. $18,000b. $20,000.c. $23,000.d. $25,000.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 17Quick Check What should be the total wages and salaries cost in a flexible budget for 600 lawns?a. $18,000b. $20,000.c. $23,000.d. $25,000.Total wages and salaries cost= $5,000 + ($30 per lawn 600 lawns)= $5,000 + $18,000 = $23,000What should the total wages and salaries cost be in a flexible budget for 600 lawns?McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 18Learning Objective 2Prepare a report showing activity variances.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 19Activity VariancesPlanningbudget revenuesand expensesFlexible budget revenuesand expensesThe differences between the budget amounts are called activity variances.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 20Lets use budgetingconcepts to compute activity variances for Larrys Lawn Service. Activity VariancesMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 21Activity VariancesLarrys Flexible Budget Compared with the Planning BudgetMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 22Activity VariancesLarrys Flexible Budget Compared with the Planning BudgetActivity and revenue increase by 10 percent, but net operating income increases by more than 10 percent due to the presence of fixed costs.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 23Learning Objective 3Prepare a report showing revenue and spending variances.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 24Revenue and Spending VariancesFlexible budget revenue Actual revenueThe difference is a revenue variance.Flexible budget cost Actual costThe difference is a spending variance.McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 25Now, lets use budgetingconcepts to compute revenue and spending variances for Larrys Lawn Service. Revenue and Spending VariancesMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 26Revenue and Spending VariancesLarrys Flexible Budget Compared with the Actual Results$1,750 favorablerevenue varianceMcGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Cheng & YuenMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 27Larrys