高一英语必修二重点单词短语及句型的归纳.doc

高中英语 必修 重点单词、短语和句型Unit 1 Cultural relics重点单词和短语 1. in search of 寻找、搜寻 in the/ones search for 寻找，搜寻 search for= look for 搜寻 search . for 为了找而搜查 2. could never have imagined 绝不可能想到 “情态动词+have done” may/might have done过去可能做过 表推测 must have done 过去一定做过 表后悔、 needt have done过去本没有必要做（实际上做了） 责备、遗 should/ought to have done过去本应该做（实际上未做） 憾等语气 shouldnt/oughtnt to have done过去本不该做（实际上做了） 3. select vt.挑选，选择；选择 select sb. to do sth. 选择某人做某事 select . as挑选作为 select . from从中选出 4. design n. & vt. 设计，图案，构思；计划 make designs for 为设计 to do 目的是做 in design在设计上 be designed for专为而设计的 by design=on purpose故意地 as打算当做 5. fancy adj. 奇异的，异样的；时髦的 vt. 想象，设想；爱好，喜欢 fancy (ones) doing sth. 想象（某人）做某事 Fancy meeting so many television actiors! 居然能见到那么多电视演员！ n. 喜爱，想要 take a fancy to喜欢上；爱上 6. decorate vt. 装饰；装修，装潢 decorate . with .用装饰 7. in return (for) (1)作为（对的）回报/报答（=in reward for） If you give me your photo, Ill give you mine in return. 你若送我一张照片，我便回赠一张给你。 He didnt expect anything in return for his help. 他帮助人并不期待任何回报。 (2)作为回应 I asked his opinion, but he just asked me a question in return. 我征求他的意见，他却只是反问了我一个问题。 【辨析】in return和in turn易混词组辨析例句in return表示“作为回报（报答）”；作为回应He has given me so much help that I really want to do something for him in return. 他给了我许多帮助，所以真的想为他做些什么作为报答。in turn表示“相应地；转而，反之，反过来”表示“依次，逐个轮流”Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.利率下调，股价就相应地上涨了。The kids came out of the room in turn.孩子们依次走出房间。 8. have/get sth. done本结构可表示两种意义 (1)使某事被做（主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做的，也可能是让别人做） I must have my homework done before going to bed. 上床睡觉前我必须做完作业。（由自己完成） He had/got his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。（由别人完成） (2)遭遇/经历某种不幸的事（此事违背主语的意愿） She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的珠宝都被偷了。 【拓展】 have/let/make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 have/get sb. Doing 让某人一直做某事 9. at war处于交战状态 “at + n.”表示一种状态或持续的活动：at peace处于和平状态 at church在做礼拜at rest在休息 at breakfast/lunch/supper在吃早/午/晚饭at table在吃饭 at sea在航海at work在上班at school在上学【链接】介词in，under和on都可以与名词连用，表示一种状态或持续的活动，此时名词前一般不加冠词。in trouble处于困境（困难）中 on sale上市，出售in danger在危险中 on holiday在度假，在休假中under discussion在讨论中 on fire着火，失火under repairz在维修中 on duty值班10. remove vt. (1) 移走；移开；移动；搬开 from从搬走某物 remove sth. to把某物搬到 into/out把某物搬入/搬出 (2) 除掉；清除（=get rid of） Youd better perform well to remove his doubt. 你最好好好表现来打消他的疑虑。 (3) 脱下（衣服等）（=take off）；摘下 I recognized him after he removed his dark glasses. (4) 把免职；开除 remove sb. from某人被免职11. less than少于，小于（某一数目或数量）短语符号意义less than少于not less than不少于，至于no less than和一样，多达（强调多）more than多于；不仅仅not more than不多于，不超过，至多no more than仅仅（强调少） 【辨析】no less than与not less than易混词组辨析例句no less than“多达”（强调数量之多，相当于as much as）He has no less than 1 million dollars. 他的钱多达100万美元。not less than“至少”（强调下限，相当于at least）He has not less than 1,000 dollars. 他至少有1000美元。12. doubt n. & v. (1) n. 怀疑，疑惑 There is no doubt that . 毫无疑问 There is no doubt about/of . There is (some) doubt whether . 对持有疑问 【拓展】in doubt不肯定；没把握 without/no/beyond doubt无疑地；确实 (2) v. 怀疑；不相信 doubt whether/if . 怀疑是否 I dont doubt that . 我确信13. worth prep. & n. 值得的；相当于的价值的 be worth doing 值得做 be worth +钱数 值钱 be worth + n. 值得 【辨析】worth, worthy与worthwhile易混词搭配例句worthbe worth + n. /doing cosideration.The matter is worth cosidering.worthy of being donebe worthy to be done of sth. consideration. of being considered.The matter is worthy to be considered.worthwhileIts worthwhile to do/doing sth. to consider It is worthwhile the matter. considering 【注意】worth后接动名词时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 worth不能用very修饰，但可以用well修饰。 除作表语外，worth还可作后置定语。 West Lake is a place worth seeing. 西湖是个值得一看的地方。14. evidence n. 证据，根据；证明 There is evidence that . 有证据表明15. rather than (1) 而不是 I decided to write rather than telephone. 我决定写信而不是打电话。 (2) 与其倒不如；宁愿而不愿 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，倒不如说他是一个探险者。 Rather than cause trouble, he left. 他不愿意惹麻烦，宁可离去。 【拓展】 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事would rather do sth. than do sth. /would do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 or rather更确切地说【注意】rather than有时相当于介词，有时起连词作用，其连接的两个成分的词性应该一致。rather than连接两个不定式时，后一个常省略to，但rather than位于句首时，常跟不 带to的不定式。rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持 一致，相同用法的还有：as well as，together with，with，besides等。16. think highly of高度评价，认为不错；器重；看重 【拓展】 think much/well of器重/看重/赞赏think ill/poorly/badly/little of认为不好think nothing of轻视；认为无所谓 speak highly of高度评价/赞扬speak well/ill of说的好/坏话17. debate n. & v. (1) n. 辩论；争论；讨论 under debate在辩论/讨论中 a heated/lively debate一场激烈的争论 beyond/without debate无可争论(2) v. (尤指正式)讨论，辩论 sth. with sb. 同某人辩论/讨论某事 debate wh- to do sth. 讨论做某事 on sth. 讨论某事【辨析】debate与argue debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。 argue侧重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”。常用结构：argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事。重点句子 1. Frederick William, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世绝不 可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。 2. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William , to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。 3. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. 作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。 4. Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。 5. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 6. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. 在不到两天的时间里，10万个部件被装进了27个木箱。 7. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡， 当时德国在波罗的海海边的一个城市。 8. In groups discuss: Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing? 分组讨论：重建遗失的文化遗产，如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园是值得的吗？ 9. An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. 看法是人们相信是真实的，但是未经证实。10. I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很欣赏那些寻找琥珀屋的人。11. Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府。Unit 2 The Olympic Games重点单词和短语 1. compete vi. 比赛；竞争 compete in参加比赛 compete with/against与竞争 compete for为而竞争 2. stand for (1)代表；象征；（指缩写或符号）是的意思；表示 (2)容忍，忍受（用于否定句中） (3)支持，主张 【链接】 stand (doing) sth. 忍受（做）某事stand by袖手旁观，站在一边stand out显眼，引人注目stand up for为而站起来，支持，维护stand on ones own feet自立 3. volunteer (1) n. 志愿者；志愿兵 (2) vt. & vi. 自愿（做） volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 volunteer for sth. 4. on a regular basis有规律地；定期地 【辨析】regular, normal与ordinary易混词辨析例句regular“定期的，规则的”，指已有模式有定律的或定期的Youd better take regular exercise. 你最好定期做运动。normal“正常，标准的”，指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。return to normal恢复正常The doctor said the childs temperature was normal.医生说孩子的体温正常。ordinary“普通的，平常的”，强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。ordinary people普通人He preferred to be treated as an ordinary worker. 他宁愿被当成普通工人看待。 on the basis of 以为基础 5. admit (1) 允许进入；让进入 admit sb. To/into允许某人进入；吸引某人为的成员 be admitted as作为被接受（后接表示成员的名词） (2) 容纳（相当于hold, seat） (3) 承认；供认 admit (to) sth. 承认某事 admit (to) doing sth. 承认做过某事 admit +that-clause承认 admit . To be + adj./n.承认是 6. responsibility n. 责任，职责 a sense of responsibility责任感 take responsibility for对负责任 take on the responsibility承担责任 claim responsibility for声称对负责 7. as much +不可数名词+as和（程度上）是一样的 It is as much your responsibily as mine. 这件事你和我一样都有责任。 【拓展】 (1) as much +不可数名词/a(n) +可数名词单数+as . “和（程度上）是一样的（much 表程度）” It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as a science. 一般认为，教学既是一门艺术，也是一门科学。 (2) 否定式：not as/so much . as与其说是不如说是 He is not as much an actor as a TV host. 与其说他是演员，不如说他是电视节目主持人。 8. replace vt. 代替，取代；替换 replace . with/by以代替/替换 take the place of=take ones place替代，取代【注意】 take the place of, in place of, instead of均可表示“代替”，但take the place of为动词短语， 而in place of与instead of为介词短语。 9. charge(1) n. 主管；费用 take charge of 负责，接管 in charge of 主管，掌管 in the charge of=in ones charge被掌管，由负责 charge for 的收费 free of charge免费(2) vt.收费，要价；指控，控告；起诉；指责，谴责 charge sb. some money for sth. 因某事而向某人收钱 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控（控告、指责）某人（做了）某事 10. advertise v. 为做广告；登广告 advertise for为征求登广告 advertisement n. 广告 11. gargain n. & vi.(1) n. 协议；交易 make a bargain with sb. About sth. 与某人就某事达成协议(2) n. 便宜货 a good/bad bargain交易合算/不合算 a real bargain真便宜；便宜货(3) vi. (与某人就某事)讨价还价，讲条件 Bargain with sb. Over/about/for sth.就某物与某人讨价还价 12. pick up(1) 捡起；拾起 He picked up his hat and went away. 他拾起帽子，走开了。(2) 学会，获得（尤指偶然或无意中） She picked up French when she was in Paris. 在巴黎时，她学会了法语。(3) (用车)去接 The bus stopped to pick up the passengers. 公共汽车停下来搭载乘客。(4) 恢复（健康、精神）；好转 A bite of something might pick you up. 吃一点东西也许能使你振作起来。 Business will pick up before summer. 夏天来到之前，生意将会好转。(5) 接收 I picked up Radip Beijing last night. 昨晚我收听到了北京广播电台。(6) 使增加；加快 The car is picking up speed. 汽车加速了。 13. one after another一个接一个地；陆续地【辨析】one after another与one by one易混词组辨析例句one after another一个接一个地（强调连续性）The guests came out one after another. 客人们一个接一个地来了。one by one一个一个地（强调一次一个）Do these exercises one by one.一道一道地做这些练习题。 14. deserve v.（不用于进行时态）值得；应得；应受（报答或惩罚） to do 值得做，应该做 deserv doing/to be done值得被做重点句子 1. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。 2. Theres as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运会奖牌一样激烈。 3. Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. 跑步、游泳、划船和所有团体项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。Unit 3 Computers重点单词和短语 1. It took + 一段时间 + before +从句 过了一段时间后才 【拓展】 It will (not) be + 时间段 + before + 从句（现在时） 要过一段时间后才（用不了一段时间就） It was (not) be + 时间段 + before + 从句（过去时） 过了一段时间后才（每过一段时间就） It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这所学校毕业。 It was a long time before I understood what he did. 很长一段时间后我才理解他所做的事情。 2. solve vt. 解决；解答 【辨析】solve与settle易混词辨析例子solve“解决”，侧重给出问题的答案 a mystery/puzzle/problemsolve 解决谜团/字谜/问题 difficulties解决困难settle“解决”，其对象通常是某种争端 a matter/quarrel解决事情/争吵settle an argument/issue解决争论/问题 【单词积累】 solution n. 解决，解答 solution to the problem 3. reality n. U 现实；真实；C 事实；实际经历；见过的事物 face/accept reality 面对/接受现实 out of touch with reality 脱离现实 with reality 真实地；逼真地 in reality 实际上 bring . Back to reality 使面对现实，不再抱有幻想 become a reality 变成现实 4. go by（时间）逝去，过去；走过，经过；（机会等）轻易错过 5. as a result 因此，结果 result from 由引起；起因于 result in 导致，造成 6. application n. 应用；用途；申请；请求 make an application (to sb.) for (向某人)申请 an application form 申请表 【拓展】 apply v. 应用；申请 apply . to . 把应用到 apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于 apply for 申请 apply to . for . 向申请 7. anyhow adv. （1）（转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说）无论如何，反正 Anyhow I dont like it. 反正我喜欢它。 （2）而且，加之，反正 I dont want to go out and anyhow it is raining. 我不想出去，而且天又在下雨。 （3）尽管，即使这样 I am afraid we cant come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow. 恐怕我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。 【注意】anyhow作“无论如何；而且；即使如此”讲时，可与anyway互换；somehow表示“以某种方式；不知怎么地” 7. goal n. （1）目标；目的 set a goal 设定目标 achieve/realize/attain/reach a goal实现目标 （2）进球；得分；球门 score a goal 得分（踢进一球） keep goal守球门 8. of high quality 高质量的 “of + 修饰词（如high, great, little, some, no等）+抽象名词”结构除了用作定语，还常 用作表语，相当于形容词的作用。如： be of great value = be very valuable be of great use = be very useful be of great interest = be very interesting 9 give away捐赠，赠送；分发，颁发；泄露，暴露10. in a way = in one/some way在某种程度上 【链接】 in the way/in ones way挡道，碍事 in this/that way以这种/那种方式 in any way在任何方面 by way of经由 in no way绝不，一点儿也不（置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装）11. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 出现；发生，产生；引起；产生 arise from = result from因产生 【辨析】arise, rise与raise易混词词性过去式、过去分词词义例句arisevi.arose, arisen产生，发生；出现Most accidents arose from carelessness. 大部分事故是由疏忽大意引起的。risevi.rose, risen升起来，上升The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。raisevt.raised,raised举起，使上升She raised her head and stared at them. 她抬起头盯着他们看。12. make up (1) 组成，构成（常与of连用，并用被动形式） Eleven players make up a football team. (= A football team is made up of eleven players.) 11名运动员组成一个足球队。 (2) 编造，虚构 I think theyre making up the whole thing. 我认为整件事情是他们编出来的。 (3) 化妆，打扮 She spent two hours making herself up before the party. 她在参加聚会前用了两个小时化妆。 (4) 弥补（常与for连用） Hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence. 勤能补拙。13. after all (1) 终究；归根结底（表示结果与预想的不同；常置于句尾） Im so sorry and I cant go with you after all. 对不起，我终究还是不能和你一起去。 (2) 毕竟，别忘了(解释或说明理由，常置于句首) Its not surprising the boy has got a stomachache. After all, he has eaten too much. 那个男孩胃痛并不令人惊讶，别忘了，他吃得太多了。14. watch over 看管，照顾；看守，监视，守卫，保护 【链接】 “照顾”的多种表达 take care of look after care for attend to see to重点句子 1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。 2. As time went by, I was made smaller. 随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。 3. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。 4. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。 5. The company has given its computers away to a local school. 该公司向当地一所学校捐赠了电脑。 6. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。 7. In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”. 这样，我就可以用我的“人工智能”编制出新的动作。 8. It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. 它也应该看护我那淘气的外甥女，她经常到我家来。Unit 4 Wildlife protection重点单词和短语 1. decrease v. & n. (1) v. 降低，减少，（使）变小/少 in 在方面减少 from . to . 从减少到 搭配：decrease to 减少到 by 减少了 (2) n. 减少，减少的数量 (a/the) decrease in sth. 某物的减少 on the decrease在减少 【单词积累】 increase 增加 2. die out (1)灭亡，灭绝 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。 (2)（风俗、习惯）逐渐消失 Many old customs have died out because they are out of date. 因为已经过时，许多旧的风俗已经消失。 【辨析】die out, die away, die off与die down易混词组辨析例句die out（家族、物种等）死亡，灭绝；（风俗、习惯）逐渐消失Many old customs are gradually dying out. 许多旧习俗正逐渐消失。die away（声音、光线、风等）逐渐平息、渐弱The wind had died away by dusk. 黄昏时风正逐渐减弱了。die off（家族、种族等）相继灭亡；（草木）先后枯死The leaves of the tree are dying off. 树叶正相继枯死。die down（火、兴奋程度）渐弱，渐息；（=die away）（声音、光线等）变弱、消失The noise has died down. 喧闹声逐渐消失了。 3. long to do sth. 渴望做某事 4. respond to sth. 对某事做出反应/答复/回复，回答/应答=reply to/answer respond to . (with) （对）报以，回报 【拓展】 reponse n. 回答，答复；反应 in response to 为回答，响应 make (a) response to回答，对做出回应 5. loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失 suffer a loss (of) 蒙受（的）损失 make up for the loss弥补损失 at a loss不知所措，不知如何是好 (be) lost in thought 陷入沉思 6. hunt v. & n. (1) 打猎；猎取 go hunting 去打猎 (2) 搜寻 hunt for 搜索，追寻，寻找 hunt sp. for 为寻找搜索某地 be on the hunt for正在寻找，在寻求中 【链接】“找，寻找”的多种表达法：hunt for, look for, search for, (be) in search of。 7. in peace = peacefully和平地；和睦地；安静地 【链接】 at peace 和平地；安静地（与at war相对） at peace/war with 与处于和平/交战状态 make peace with 与讲和/和解 8. in danger of在危险中；垂危 in danger处于危险中，垂危 out of danger 脱离危险 9. in relief如释重负；松了口气 【拓展】 relief n.（痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物 to ones relief令某人感到欣慰的是 with relief宽慰地 give sb. (some) relief（稍微）减轻某人的痛苦10. burst into + n. 突然（进入某种状态）；闯入 burst in 闯入；突然出现；插嘴 burst out 突然起来，突然发生 【注意】 burst into后跟名词，而burst out后应跟doing。 burst into tears/laughter突然哭/笑起来 burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来11. mercy n. 仁慈，宽容，怜悯 show mercy to sb