外文翻译---物流信息网络系统.docx

附录D 科技译文Logistics Information System （LIS）Human-computer interaction system composed of personnel, computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, its main function is to carry out logistics information collection, transmission, storage, processing, maintenance and output, logistics management and other group logistics information system management personnel to provide strategic, tactical and operational decision support, to achieve organizational strategic competitive advantages, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics operation.Logistics system includes transportation system, storage system, loading and unloading, circulation processing system, the logistics information system, logistics information system, which is the high level of activity, is one of the most important aspects of the logistics system, relates to the operation of the system, standardization and automation, electronic and other issues. Due to the wide application of modern computer and the computer network, the development of logistics information system with a solid foundation, computer technology, network technology and relational database, bar code technology, EDI technology makes logistics activities in the artificial, repeated labor and error rate reduction, increased efficiency, information transfer acceleration, the logistics management has undergone tremendous changes.The development process of the logistics information system: system planning, system requirements, system software design, system implementation, system testing phase, system operation and maintenance phase.Other definitions: logistics information system, is actually the product of logistics management software and information network, to a small concrete logistics management software, the use of global coverage of the Internet will be all relevant partners, supply chain members connected to the system together provide logistics information service, called the logistics information system. As to an enterprise, is not independent of the existence of logistics information system, but also a part of enterprise information system, or is the subsystem which, even in a specialized in logistics service enterprises. For example, the ERP system of an enterprise, logistics management information system is a subsystem of.With the continuous development of logistics and supply chain management, complicated various logistics information, the enterprise needs the logistics information system, computer network technology and the prevalence of logistics information and provide technical support. Therefore, logistics information system in the enterprise of the root, and bring a higher efficiency for the enterprise. The enterprise is based on the following background to develop the logistics information system.The pressure of competition: in todays world, basically is a buyers market, by the consumer to choose to buy which products produced by enterprises, have complete freedom of decision-making they basically. On the market and production of the same products enterprises innumerable, enterprises want to win in the competition, they must constantly bring forth the new through the old, to lower the cost of changing rapidly to meet consumer demand, which requires quick response logistics system. To quickly response, information feedback must be timely, which requires enterprises to set up their own logistics information system.Development: the competition among modern enterprises is the competition between the supply chain to a great extent, but in the whole supply chain, there are lots of links, information is relatively complex, it is much more difficult to communicate between enterprises. Links to free communication, to achieve information sharing, supply chain logistics information system is imperative.Technology trends: the rapid development of computer technology, a wide extension of the network, so that the whole society has entered the era of information.In the age of the Internet, only in the information society, enterprise will have greater development. Moreover, the development of information technology has been developed for the information system to lay a solid foundation. As a member of society, logistics as a social service industry, must establish the information system of logistics industry in their own.Logistics information system is the nerve center of the logistics system, as the entire logistics system of command and control system, can be divided into a plurality of seed system or a variety of basic functions. Usually, its basic functions can be summarized as the following aspects:Data collection: logistics data collection is the first data through the collection subsystem from internal or external collection to the pretreatment system, and finishing as the format and the form of system requirements, and then through the input subsystem is input to the logistics information system. This process is the premise and foundation of the play role of other functions, if one started to collect and input information is incomplete or incorrect, be in next in the process of the result may be the actual situation completely at odds, this will lead to serious consequences. Therefore, in a measure of information system performance, it should be noted that the collection of data integrity, accuracy, and capability of checking and preventing and resisting destruction ability.Information storage: logistics data through the collection and input stage, before processing the, must be stored in the system down. Even after processing, if the information and use value, also want to save it for later use. Storage function of logistics information system is to ensure that the logistics information has been lost, can not not aliasing, do not leak, sorting properly, readily available. No matter what kind of logistics information system, in relation to information storage problems, should take into account the amount of storage, information format, storage, use, storage time, security and other issues. If these problems are not solved properly, the information system is not in use.Information transmission: logistics information in the logistics system, must be accurate, timely transmission to the various functions of the link, or information will lose its value in use. This requires the logistics information system has to overcome the barriers of space function. Logistics information system in the actual operation, must be fully considered to be the message type, quantity, frequency, reliability requirements and other factors. Only when these factors in line with the actual needs of the logistics system, the logistics information system is of practical value.Information processing: the most fundamental purpose of logistics information system is to process data into a logistics information logistics system requires the input of. Data and information are different, the data is the foundation to get information, but data often cannot be used directly, and the information is obtained from the data processing, it can directly use. Only the actual use value of logistics information, logistics information systems function is to play.Information: information output is the final function of the logistics information system, only in the realization of this function, the logistics information system task is finished. Information output must be used to facilitate understanding of the person or the computer form, in the output form to readable, visual.The five function is the basic function of the logistics information system, are indispensable. Moreover, only the five processes are not wrong, logistics information and finally get it has practical use value, otherwise it will cause serious consequences.Although the logistics system is a part of enterprise management system, logistics information system and other business management information system is not much difference in the fundamentals, such as the characteristics of integration and modularization, networked and intelligent, but the characteristics of the spatial and temporal logistics activity itself has the decision of the logistics information system has its own the unique feature of.(a) cross couplingIn logistics activities, due to the ordering party and accept the ordering party generally not in the same place, such as the processing of order information business department and take the goods to the warehouse in general are distributed, the shipper and the consignee is not in the same area, information transfer between the phase separation in space on the enterprise or person need the help of data communication means to complete the. In the logistics system in the traditional holiday, information needs to use the mail, telephone, fax and other traditional means of transmission, with the progress of information technology, switching technology can realize remote data real-time, seamless transfer and processing by modern electronic data.(two) is connected across the enterpriseLogistics information system not only relates to the enterprise internal production, sale, transportation, storage and other departments, and with suppliers, business entrusted with the close relationship between enterprises, the delivery object, sales, trading and business relationship in logistics activities, warehousing enterprises, transport enterprises and freight forwarding enterprises independent enterprises, logistics information the system can be related to these enterprises and realize the sharing of resources.(three) real-time transmission and processing of informationLogistics information system on the one hand, need to quickly bring lots of different forms to collect information query, classification, calculation, storage, so orderly, systematic, standardized, become can reflect a characteristics of true, reliable, applicable and useful information; on the other hand, the logistics operation want to get information from the logistics information system, to guide the activities, that only the real-time transmission of information, and combine the information system and operation system, to overcome the traditional with the paper carrier information work print inefficient operation mode.The planning objectives in the construction of information system, due to the lack of scientific planning, effective system, many have been built or are building system still faces a series of problems, including: Construction and organization system development goal and strategy does not match; system construction to management and no significant improvement; the system cannot meet the need of environmental change and reform organizations; personnel system quality is low; the system development environment is backward, technology scheme is not reasonable; system development and operation and maintenance of the standard, normative confusion; system development resources shortage, less investment, in the face of the expected higher.In order to overcome the problem of logistics information system construction process, it is very important to establish the strategic planning of information systems management. Through the development of planning, reasonable allocation and utilization of information resources (information, information technology and information producers), save the investment of information system; find out the existing problems, the correct identification of the management information system must be completed to achieve business goals and tasks, to promote the application of information system, and thus bring more economic benefit.The planning system, one must first determine the goal of management information system, because the programming method of system, is the management information system for the target. System planning is the goal of long-term development plan management information system, decide the direction, in the entire life cycle management information system development scale and the development process.物流信息网络系统由人员、计算机硬件、软件、网络通信设备及其它办公设备组成的人机交互系统，其主要功能是进行物流信息的收集、存储、传输、加工整理、维护和输出，为物流管理者及其它组物流信息系统织管理人员提供战略、战术及运作决策的支持，以达到组织的战略竞优，提高物流运作的效率与效益。物流系统包括运输系统、储存保管系统、装卸搬运、流通加工系统、物流信息系统等方面，其中物流信息系统是高层次的活动，是物流系统中最重要的方面之一，涉及到运作体制、标准化、电子化及自动化等方面的问题。由于现代计算机及计算机网络的广泛应用，物流信息系统的发展有了一个坚实的基础，计算机技术、网络技术及相关的关系型数据库、条码技术、EDI等技术的应用使得物流活动中的人工、重复劳动及错误发生率减少，效率增加，信息流转加速，使物流管理发生了巨大变化。物流信息系统的开发过程：系统规划阶段、系统需求阶段、系统软件设计、系统实施阶段、系统测试阶段、系统运行和维护阶段阶段。其他定义：所谓物流信息系统，实际上是物流管理软件和信息网络结合的产物，小到一个具体的物流管理软件，大到利用覆盖全球的互联网将所有相关的合作伙伴、供应链成员连接在一起提供物流信息服务的系统，都叫做物流信息系统。对一个企业而言，物流信息系统不是独立存在的，而是企业信息系统的一部分，或者说是其中的子系统，即使对一个专门从事物流服务的企业也是如此。例如，一个企业的ERP系统，物流管理信息系统就是其中一个子系统。随着物流供应链管理的不断发展，各种物流信息的复杂化，各企业迫切要求物流信息系统信息化，而计算机网络技术的盛行又给物流信息化提供了技术上的支持。因此，物流信息系统就在企业中扎下了根，并且为企业带来了更高的效率。企业是基于以下背景才大力开发物流信息系统的。竞争压力：在当今世界中，基本上都是买方市场，由消费者来选择购买哪个企业生产的产品，他们基本上有完全的决策自由。而市场上生产同一产品的企业多如牛毛，企业要想在竞争中胜出，就必须不断地推陈出新，以较低的成本迅速满足消费者时刻变化着的消费需求，而这都需要快速反应的物流系统。要快速反应，信息反馈必须及时，这必然要求企业建立自己的物流信息系统。发展需要：现代企业间的竞争在很大程度上表现为供应链之间的竞争，而在整个供应链中，环节较多，信息相对来说就比较复杂，企业之间沟通起来就困难得多。各环节要想自由沟通，达到信息共享，建立供应链物流信息系统就势在必行。技术潮流：电子计算机技术的迅速发展，网络的广泛延伸，使整个社会进入了信息时代。 在这个网络时代，只有融入信息社会，企业才可能有较大的发展。更何况，信息技术的发展已经为信息系统的开发打下了坚实的基础。企业作为社会的一员，物流作为一种社会服务行业，必然要建立属于物流业自己的信息系统。物流信息系统是物流系统的神经中枢，它作为整个物流系统的指挥和控制系统，可以分为多种子系统或者多种基本功能。通常，可以将其基本功能归纳为以下几个方面：数据收集：物流数据的收集首先是将数据通过收集子系统从系统内部或者外部收集到预处理系统中，并整理成为系统要求的格式和形式，然后再通过输入子系统输入到物流信息系统中。这一过程是其他功能发挥作用的前提和基础，如果一开始收集和输入的信息不完全或不正确，在接下来的过程中得到的结果就可能是实际情况完全相左，这将会导致严重的后果。因此，在衡量一个信息系统性能时，应注意它收集数据的完善性、准确性，以及校验能力和预防和抵抗破坏能力等。信息存储：物流数据经过收集和输入阶段后，在其得到处理之前，必须在系统中存储下来。即使在处理之后，若信息还有利用价值，也要将其保存下来，以供以后使用。物流信息系统的存储功能就是要保证已得到的物流信息能够不丢失、不走样、不外泄、整理得当、随时可用。无论哪一种物流信息系统，在涉及信息的存储问题时，都要考虑到存储量、信息格式、存储方式、使用方式、存储时间、安全保密等问题。如果这些问题没有得到妥善的解决，