外文翻译---信息系统项目管理在物流企业中的应用研究.docx

中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第50页英文原文The Applied Research of Information System Project Management In Logistics EnterprisesLance AthrunDepartment of Lab Construction & AdministrationErzincan UniversityIstanbul, TurkeyAbstract:The rapid development in the growing field of project management provides the opportunity for application in the construction of logistics enterprise information. From the function and characteristics of the logistics information system, this articleintroduces the life cycle of a project, analyses the logistics information system project management process, points out the problems and countermeasures of the logistics information system project management.Project management thought in the application of logistics information system brings to the enterprise information success and income increase, which fully plays an important role in enhancing core competitiveness of enterprises.Keywords:Logistics, Information system, Project management I.INTRODUCTIONWith the continuous economic development, more and more logistics companies continue to expand the business scope in order to carry out modern logistics services, and gradually take the initiative transition to modern logistics enterprises from the simple logistics operators. The transformation of modern logistics enterprises core philosophy is to use information systems to integrate the management of customers,dealers, transporters, manufacturers, logistics companies, suppliers, logistics best purpose and economy, thereby enhancing the entire social resources the level of utilization. Therefore, the information technology has become a decisive factor in logistics enterprises in the rapid development. Strengthening logistics enterprise information technology infrastructure, building enterprise information platform, making full use of the Internet, carrying out business e-commerce, business, sales information, the establishment of an integrated logistics information management system is an important way to enhance the competitiveness of the logistics enterprises . The integrated logistics information system projects related to the scope is very wide, large-scale project into a huge project, is a complex systems engineering. This relates to the procurement, production, sales and information processing in complex systems, there is an urgent need for professional project management.中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第51页II.FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICSLogistics information system is a modern logistics system of thought based on the use of IT which fully utilize the information in the planning, management and control and operational aspects, fast feedback, which provide thebasis for decision-makers and decision support, which improve logistics efficiency and optimize the supply chain integration of information systems1. Simply speaking, logistics information system logistics activities and the integration process is linked to this integration process. It can be divided into four subsystems: subsystem of the transaction, management control subsystem, decision analysis subsystem, as well as strategic planning subsystem.Specifically, the basic functions of logistics information systems have the following:.1) Order processing, inquiries and information storage capabilities.2) Scientific management control planning and implementation functions.3) Accurate and timely feedback function.4) Timely statistical analysis of data and scientific decision-making functions.Logistics information system has five characteristics:1) Span large. Modern logistics is a large span of the system. It can be decomposed into several sub-systems. Span performance on the geographical span and the time span, logistics management is difficult, a high degree of reliance on the network.2) Dynamic. Logistics information system connects multiple enterprise users, with the demand, supply, channel, price changes, the system elements and operation of the system often change, so the stability of the system dynamic.3) Preview poor. System prior to the implementation of a clear system description of the structure, function, performance, etc. but constantly in the process of system implementation and stereotypes, which makes it preview.4) Complexity. Elements of the logistics system is very complex, its running objects across various social material resources which bring the complexity of the logistics information system.5) Systematic. Systematize logistics business decisions, making the overall optimization of the pursuit of corporate logistics activities.III.PROJECT LIFE CYCLELogistics information system project life cycle is from the initial planning of the system by the construction, operation, expansion or upgrade, until the system end-of-life experience at all stages of the order of combination. Through 2012 Second International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization the full life cycle management system project, the project management fully gives full play to the investment of the project management in the construction process of the logistics information system, schedule, quality control role, and enhances the performance and management level of the logistics management.According to the functions and features of the logistics information system, the logistics information system project is divided into the conception, development, execute, finish of the four stages of the project2.The conception phase of the project is proposed the Feasible demonstrate. 中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第52页According to the initial study and the preparation of the logistics enterprises in the development of information technology planning, project planning, project proposal, and then after the feasibility study until the project report approved projects up to the early stage.The development phase of the project refers to the human, financial, material and all hardware and software to prepare viable projects to do the pre-construction, is the projects overall planning, whose main task is to project tasks and resources to carry out detail planning and configuration.The execute phase of the project is that implement of the logistics information system projects with the project plan .The implementation phase is the longest in the project life cycle, the largest amount of work completed up to the stage of the resource consumption. This stage, according to the project work breakdown structure (WBS) and network planning organization and coordination to ensure that the shelf life of the tasks completed on schedule.The finish stage of the project is the end of the life cycle of the project. It is to complete the project, forming the final product. Project organizers want to project the financial liquidation, the document summarizes, the evaluation and acceptance.Due to the particularity of the logistics industry, logistics information system project life cycle is based on the actual situation and specific needs to modify and determine the life cycle .Then, the project is expected is ensured.Logistics information systems project management is a typical process management, model of life cycle theory, emphasizing the importance of the project management process, project life cycle model for us to successfully carry out the activities in the actual project management provides various the theoretical basis and support3. Logistics information systems project life cycle stages, the size of their workload and property investment in great uncertainty and the success rate is affected by many factors. Generally the conception phase is quite short, as long as the project manager and key actors in the project approval would be sufficient. the development phase requires intensive work, and usually has a large amount of work. the execute phase isthe period of the specific implementation of project tasks, a lot of work done at this stage. when the workload is significantly reduced at the end stage. Uncertainty and the success rate curve of the logistics information system project phase as shown in Figure 1. Only well-planned project life cycle for each phase of the mission, and strengthening the control of key processes, carrying conscientiously out the project management, the logistics companies are possible to achieve the logistics information system data, the implementation of the integrated management of the process, resource integration. So the logistics companies must reduce the project management process randomness and the interference of human factors in order to achieve the standardization of the management of information technology projects4.Figure 1 uncertainty and the success rate curveIV.PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESSThe nature of the logistics information systems project management is product of the combination of the project process and management process, shown in Figure 2. The realization of the project consists of a series of project phase , any project can be divided 中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第53页into four different project phases. Similarly, for the management of the whole process of a project carried out by an independent process, this project management process can be further divided into different phases or activities. Throughout the entire life cycle of the project, the logistics information systems project manage- ment has five management process - initiating, planning, executing, controlling, closing5. Logistics information system project management process, each stage has its own start and end range, the phase of the input file and at this stage to produce an output file. The same time, each stage has a stage control barrier, namely the completion of this stage will produce important documents into the next phase of the input file. Completion of each stage must control mark this stage into the next phase of work6.The initiating process: defining the logistics system work and activities of the project stage, the beginning of the decision-making phase of the project or not, and whether to continue to carry on work.The planning process: formulation, preparation and revision of the logistics phase of the project objectives, work plans, programs, resources and supply plans, cost estimates, planning emergency measures aspects of the work. The executing process: organization and coordination of various resources, the tasks and work. motivating the project team to complete its work plan, generating the work of the project outputs and materials. Logistics system detailed operation process and the users KPIs (key business performance indicators) are generated in this process, the success of the logistics information system is strongly dependent on the executing process.The Controlling process: the development of standards, monitoring and measurement system to analyze the differences and problems and take corrective measures and other management tasks and activities.The closing process: the logistics system project phase of the transfer and acceptance of conditions, and the outcome of the transfer. In the phase, the key milestones of thelogistics system project are established, so that logistics system project is successfully closed. It lead a logistics information system to a virtuous circle.Figure 2 Logistics information system management process and project processV.PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS ANDCOUNTERMEASURESA.Problems1) Lack of uniform standardsOur national logistics standardization system is imperfect. despite the logistics labeling standard system has already been established and a number of important national standards have been developed, such as the barcode, storage unit bar code, logistics unit barcode, these standards application exist problems. The lack of uniform standards lead to difficult logistics information coordinated, has seriously hampered the development of logistics information7.2) Logistics information system building needs is not clearWhat are the logistics companies do not know their own business development strategy and set of information objectives? Its construction are lack of unified planning, and focus only on the 中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第54页construction of local information, such as system security, the reaction rate, reports on an important position local range to achieve timely information and a valid pass. There are poor transmission of information in the different departments of the enterprise, different enterprises, different business and government. The results lead to isolated islands of information. Information islands caused by the enterprises are unable to share information resources, information resources idle, it is difficult to help the business processes a full range of information systems and business needs are difficult to one. business processes and information systems business processes do not always match.3) Lack of adequate research and comprehensive talent Logistics enterprises lack information technology professionals in the logistics information system. So construction of the logistics information system outsource to software companies, but the software company does not have a strong project management background of logistics information system. Project managers are not familiar with the elements of management, management processes but after several meetings or research in accordance with the requirements of the customers. In particular, some customers demand is not very clear on their own time, resulting in the developed information system is not holistic, global ill-considered, the software does not have the operability and ease of use, extremely powerful and complex operating . Through the long-term training users can be a good operator, the operator do not want to use the system. Therefore, It is imperative that the logistics companies must train talent who not only understand the business but also understands the development of software.4) Lack of effective organization and managementThe construction of logistics information has not been established in the management of logistics enterprises in positions of power, coupled with the lack of a mature and effective methodology guidance system operational and implementation aspects of leadership and lack of execution.B.Countermeasures1) Logistics enterprises in a variety of resources should establish a standardized and unified coding, channels and methods of information collection.and it must be standardized, open, stable, while research on information science and rational, in-depth processing flow way. Logistics enterprises should establish a standardized system of standards with international logistics, and increase the enforcement of the standard. For example, information exchange of EDI and e-commerce industry standards, the standardization of logistics enterprise information network standards enforcement.2) The information system is a systematic project, involving all aspects of logistics management, logistics companies, financial, material, and a variety of management methods, management practices, management procedures. they need to use the computer and related technologies such as network technology communications technology.Application development should be organic combination of management and technical. the logistics enterpriseEnterprise must design information system from the entire logistics enterprise view, and access, analyze demand demand, a rational, comprehensive, proper requirement specification with the special group, covering logistics enterprise management, management of each link.3) Logistics enterprises should actively improve corporate personnel training system. On one hand,中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第55页 through internal training ,public recruitment and cooperation with universities, research institutes, enterprises introduce and develop information technology personnel. On the other hand, enterprises retain talent, also make them to play an important role in enterprises.4) Enterprises must establish informatization manage- ment structure-logistics management information center.Logistics enterprise system should try to strengthen the role of clearing-house function. Logistics Information Center, is responsible for the informatization construction of enterprises in the long-term development planning and implementation plans; responsible for the purchase of equipment and maintenance; responsible for the unified development of the application system; responsible for industry sector construction sector to develop IT norms and standards; coordination with other industry resources sharing platform. 中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第56页中文译文：信息系统项目管理在物流企业中的应用研究兰斯阿斯兰实验室建设与管理系Erzincan大学伊斯坦布尔，土耳其摘要：在不断发展的项目管理领域的快速发展提供了机会，在物流企业信息化建设的应用。从物流信息系统的功能和特性的，本文引进一个项目的生命周期，分析了物流信息系统项目管理过程中，物流信息系统项目管理存在的问题及对策研究指出，认为物流信息系统中的应用，企业信息化的成功和收入的增加带来，这充分发挥了重要作用，在提高企业核心竞争力。关键词：物流，信息系统，项目管理;一.简介随着经济的不断发展，越来越多的物流企业不断扩大经营范围，以开展现代物流服务，逐步向现代物流企业转型，从简单的物流服务商主动。现代物流企业的核心理念的转变，是使用信息系统，以集成管理客户，经销商，运输，制造商，物流公司，供应商，物流最好的目的和经济，从而提高整个社会资源的利用水平。因此，信息技术已成为物流企业在快速发展的决定性因素。加强物流企业的信息化基础设施，企业信息化建设平台，充分利用互联网，开展企业电子商务，业务，销售信息，建立一个集成的物流信息管理系统是一个重要的方式，以提高竞争力的物流企业。综合物流信息系统项目涉及的范围很广，规模大的项目，成一个巨大的工程，是一项复杂的系统工程。这涉及到采购，生产，销售和信息处理在复杂的系统中，有一个迫切需要专业的项目管理。二.功能和特性物流信息系统是现代物流系统，使用它充分利用的规划，管理，控制和运作方面，信息反馈快，提供thebasis的决策者和决策支持，从而提高物流效率的信息基础上的思想优化供应链整合的信息系统1。简单地说，物流信息系统，物流活动一体化进程链接到这个一体化进程。它可分为四个子系统：子系统的交易，管理控制子系统，决策分析子系统，以及战略规划子系统。具体来说，物流信息系统的基本功能有以下几点：1）订单处理，查询和信息存储功能。2）科学的管理控制规划和实施功能。3）准确和及时的反馈功能。4）及时的统计分析数据和科学决策的功能。物流信息系统具有五大特点：1）跨越大。现代物流是一个大跨度系统。它可以被分解成若干个子系统。跨度性能上的地域跨度和时间跨度，物流管理是困难的，对网络的依赖程度高。2）动态。物流信息系统连接多个企业用户，需求，供应，渠道，价格的变化，系统元件及系统的运行经常改变，所以系统的稳定性动态。3）预览可怜。系统前实施一个明确的系统的结构，功能，性能等说明，但不断在系统实施过中国矿业大学2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）第57页程中和定型，这使得它的预览。4）复杂性。物流系统的要素是非常复杂的，它的运行对象带来的复杂性，物流信息系统在各个社会的物质资源。5）系统。系统化的物流业务决策，追求企业物流