考研英语阅读背景词汇

考研英语阅读背景词汇Unit l 科普类access time存取时间anti-virus programs杀毒软件assembler汇编程序bar code条形码beeper传呼机buffer storage缓冲存储器call instruction呼叫指令cellular手机comsat通讯卫星cordless telephone无绳电话cursor光标cyber crimes网上犯罪cyberspace电脑空间，网络世界desktop台式计算机digital television数字电视electronic control电子控制electronic hearing aid电子助听器encryption加密fast-forward(放录像带等时的快进)fiber optic technology光纤技术firewall防火墙flat panel display平板显示技术floppy disk软盘genetic engineering基因工程hacker黑客identifier标识符intelligent system智能系统intranet内联网IT-industry信息产业jumbotran(电视机的)超大屏幕know-how(技术)诀窍laser激光long-distance educational system远程教育系统microprocessor微处理机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器multimedia多媒体multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统netsurfed网虫on-1ine service网上服务palmtop(：PDA)掌上电脑passwordPIN(：personal identification number)密码portable便携式计算机snooper窥探者software package软件包solar collector太阳能收集器terminal终端设备video camera摄像机videodisc影碟workstation计算机工作站xerox静电复印Y2k bug千年虫zip-code邮政编码Unit 2 经济管理类active trade balance贸易顺差adverse trade balance贸易逆差appropriate拨款auditor审计员。查帐员balance sheet资产负债表bargain减价出售的商品，便宜货hoard 0f directors董事会bond债券bottom line盈亏表brisk(生意)兴隆bubble economy泡沫经济budget预算business restructuring商业重组capital资本cargo manifest货物清单commodities fair商品展销会confiscate没收corporation公司，股份有限公司counteroffer还价creditor债权人customs海关dealer商人，贩子，证券经纪人deficit赤字，亏空deflationary policy紧缩银根政策demands and supplies供需depreciation贬值depression经济萧条期divided红利股利domestic market国内市场duty-free免税economic decline经济衰退economic fluctuation经济波动economic recovery经济复苏economic stability经济稳定economic strategy经济战略economist经济学家enterprise in the red亏损企业entrepreneur企业家，中间商executive director常务董事exportoriented economy外向型经济fake and poor quality commodities假冒伪劣产品fierce competition激烈的竞争fluctuation波动GDP国内生产总值GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值head office总部human resources人力资源income tax所得税inflation通货膨胀installment分期付款interest rate利率investment投资，投资额invoice发票labor and management劳资双方labor force劳动力large scale development of West China大规模妁西部开发levy征(税)limited liability company有限责任公司macroeconomics宏观经济学market-oriented economy市场经济market research市场调研merger合并公司monetary货币的monopoly垄断mortgage抵押抵押货款most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇multinational多国经营的，跨国经营的multinational corporations跨国公司negotiation谈判；洽谈patent system专利制度patron老主顾planned economy计划经济potential market市场潜力price hike物价上涨principal本金Private enterprise私人企业Private property私人财产productivity生产率productivity revolution生产力革命profitable赢利的promotion促销property tax财产税public funding公共基金recession衰退reckoning结账retail零售revenue财政收入，税收security证券self-faised funds自筹资金slack不景气smuggle走私social security社会保障(制度)soft investment environment投资软环境speculation投机倒把staff members职员stagnant(经济)停滞，不发展stamp duty印花税statistical统计的stock现货，股票。公债stockbroker股票，证券经纪人stock holder股东；股票持有人strategic战略的surplus赢余tariff(进口)关税tax break税额优惠taxpayer纳税人teller(=cashier)出纳员trade、rind贸易风transaction交易；买卖trust信托wholesale批发Unit 3 政治与法律类accusation控告acquit宣判无罪amend修正amnesty特赦appeal上诉apprehend拘押，逮捕arbitration仲裁，调停armed conflicts武装冲突attorney律师authorize授权autonomous自治的bilateral talks双边会淡civil law民法code法规，法典confinement关押，禁闭congressman国会议员conspiracy阴谋constitution宪法consul领事convict宣判有罪court法院court of appeal中级法院custody拘留criminal law刑法decree法令defendant被告defender辩护人defuse缓合，平息despot独裁者disarmament解除武装enforce实施，使生效established international practice国际惯例federal government联邦政府hierarchy等级制度humanitarian aid人道主义援助illicit非法的indemnity赔偿institution制度intellectual propertyright知识产权interim government过渡政府joint declaration联合声明judicial司法的judiciary司法部jury陪审团lawsuit诉讼legal liability法律义务legislation立法legislative立法的legislature立法机构legitimate合法的litigant诉讼当事人litigation诉讼municipal市政的offense犯罪parliament议会pending未决的petition请愿plaintiff(民事)原告plead申诉，辩护probation缓刑察看public prosecutor检查官reconciliation和解repatriate遣返Representative众议院议员ruling(法官等)裁定secretary部长senate参议院senator参议员sovereignty主权statute成文法stipulation条文，规定subpoena传票suit起诉suitor(刑事)原告summit meeting首脑会议峰会terrorist attack恐怖袭击terrorist organizations恐怖组织The Capitol国会大厦the House of Representative下议院The Pentagon国防大楼the Senate上议院undersecretary次长usurpation篡夺verdict(陪审团)裁定violation违犯Unit 4 医学与健康类abortion人工流产acupuncture针刺医疗法amnesia(医)记忆缺失，遗忘(症)anatomical解剖学的；解剖的anesthetic麻醉剂anti-aging抗衰老antibiotic抗生素antibody抗体antidote解毒药antitumor drug抗肿瘤药；抗癌药antiviral抗病毒药arthritis关节炎asthma气喘，哮喘asylum精神病院bacteria缅菌biomedical生物医学的carcinogen致癌物cell membrane细胞膜cellular细胞的，由细胞组成的cellulose纤维素Centers for Disease Control疾病控制中心cholera霍乱cholesterol胆固醇chromosome染色体clinical临床的clone无性繁殖系，克隆coma昏厥contagion接触传染comea角膜dehydrate(使)脱水diagnose诊断diarrhea泻肚enzyme酶epidemic流行病euthanasia安乐死excretion排泄，排泄物gene mutation(基因)突变gene pool基因库genetic engineering基因工程genomic染色体的glucose葡萄糖healthy Diet Pyramid呈金字塔状的健康饮食heart attack心力衰竭，心脏病发作heterosexual异性恋的HIVpositive艾滋病测试阳性homosexual同性恋的hormone激素hygiene卫生，卫生学hypertension高血压hypnosis催眠术1CU(Intensive Care Unit)重症监护室immunize获得免疫力incidence发病率inflammation炎症inoculation接种，预防注射insane精神病患者的，精神病的insomnia失眠(症)latency period潜伏期leukemia白血病malaria疟疾malignant恶性measles麻疹medication添加药物，药物治疗metabolism新陈代谢mother-to-fetus transmission母婴传播multiply繁殖mutate变异突变nauseate呕吐neurological神经病学的obesity过度肥胖，肥大ointment药膏organ transplanting器官移植paralysis瘫痪physician内科医生plague鼠疫。瘟疫potency药力prescription药方，处方(的药)preventive预防性的psychiatrist精神病医生rehabilitation康复，恢复remedy疗法removal切除rheumatoid风湿的；类风湿(性)的sedative镇静剂self-medication自我药疗stroke中风suspected case疑似病例surgery外科手术symptom症状syndrome综合病症taint影响，腐化，使感染TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)中医therapy治疗，疗法toxicologist毒物学家；毒理学家vaccine疫苗vein静脉l veterinary疾病的，兽医的1 water soluble vitamins水溶性维生素Unit 5 生态类acid rain酸雨afforestation植树造林algae梅藻amphibian两栖类的，两栖动物balance of nature生态平衡bio-diversity生物多样性biosphere生物圈CFCs氟利昂decibel分贝deforestation采伐森林desertification土地沙漠化domestic sewage生活污水ecocide生态灭绝eco-friendy良好的环境eco-label生态标志ecological condition生态环境ecologist生态学家ecology生态学对环境的科学研究ecosystem生态系，生态系统eco-tourist生态旅游；生态旅游业effluent流出物，排除物environmentalist环境工作者；环境问题专家fauna动物群flora植物群fumes有毒的废气global warming全球变暖green groups绿色环保组织greenhouse effect温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射mammal哺乳动物noxious有毒的nucleic acid(生物)核酸ozone hole臭氧洞ozone layer臭氧层photosynthesis光合作用plankton(总称)浮游动物p0Ilufion index污染指数polymer聚合物refuse垃圾、废物sewage污水sewage disposal污水处理sewage plant污水处理厂sewage purification污水净化soil pollution土壤污染solid waste固体垃圾stratosphere同温层ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射wipe out a species物种灭绝Unit 6 大众传媒类audience rating收视率；收听率bill海报billboard告示牌，广告牌braille盲字，点字法brochure小册子bulletin公告；简明新闻carry刊登cast演员表censorship审查circular供传阅的函件或通知closed-circuit TV闭路电视column专栏condensation缩写本coverage新闻报道disseminate传播documentary新闻片feature新闻特写free-lance writer自由撰稿人headline新闻标题highlights and sidelights要闻与花絮illustration插图infringement侵犯journal刊物leaflet传单live现场直播neon霓虹灯广告on location现场拍摄 pictorial画报poster标语牌，布告practitioner开业者，从业者press新闻界projector放映机propagate宣传publication出版publishing house出版社re1ay转播royalty稿费，版税shot拍摄studio摄影棚subscribe订阅人western西部电影Unit 7 天文地理类aeronautics航空学，航空术alien外星人astrology占星学astronomer天文学家atmospheric大气的，空气的aviation航空，航空学，航空工业celestial天的，天体的celestial sphere天球cluster星团cold front冷锋comet彗星constellation星座cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线cosmology字宙学drifting plates漂流版块dune沙丘elipse (日，月)食equator (地球)赤道glacier冰河hurricane飓风inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论inter-planetary communication星际交通Jupiter木星latitude纬度launch发射launch pad发射台longitude经度lunar月球的lunar eclipse月蚀Mars火星Mercury水星meteor流星meteorolite陨石meteor shower流星雨monsoon季风multistage rocket多级火箭Neptune海王星orbit环绕(天体的)轨道运行peninsula半岛phase月相planet行星planetary行星的planetoid小行星plateau高原Pluto冥王星radiating辐射的reef暗礁satellite卫星solar corona日冕solar prominence日珥solar radiation宇宙辐射solar system太阳系space exploration外层空间探索space shuttle航天飞机space suit宇航服，航天服stellar星球的Tropic of CancerCapricorn北/南回归线Uranus天王星Venus金星Volcanic火山的Watchdog管理人员Unit 8 艺术类abstract painting抽象画art decor艺术装饰baton指挥棒break dance霹雳舞0elb大提琴chant吟唱chord合唱，合唱曲composer作曲者，作曲家concerto协奏曲conductor指挥conservatory音乐学校flute长笛folk music民间音乐gong锣harmonica口鬈harp竖琴horn号impressionism印象派instrument(精密)乐器lyric歌词melody旋律，曲调musical音乐喜剧musical notation乐谱orchestra管弦乐队overture前奏曲pipe organ管风琴playwright剧作家prelude序曲premiere首演producer演出者properties舞台道具rap music快板音乐，快板歌recital独奏会独唱会refrain(歌曲中的)叠歌，副歌rehearsal排演Renaissance文艺复兴reproduction复制saxophone萨克斯管scale音阶score总谱；(总谱中的)乐曲sculpture雕刻，雕塑sonata奏鸣曲symphony交响乐，交响曲synthesizer合成器，音响合成器tempo节奏theatricals戏剧trumpet喇叭whistle口哨wind管乐器Unit 9 宗教类Allah真主，安拉altar圣坛，祭坛apartheid南非的种族隔离apostle信徒atheist无神论者Catholic天主教徒Catholicism天主教Christianity基督教convert改变信仰；皈依cult疯狂地崇拜，膜拜deity(=god)神fast斋戒；禁食gospel福音heresy异端邪说hierarchy阶层，等级incarnate化身Judaism犹太教koran可兰经minister牧师missionary传教士pagan异教徒的，无宗教信仰的pious虔诚的pope教皇，罗马主教preach布道，说教preacher传道士，牧师Protestant新教徒resurrection(耶稣)复活scripture经文，圣典service礼拜式superstition迷信taboo禁忌Unit 10 体育运动类a11-round champion全能冠军backhand(网球等运动中)反手的backstroke仰泳balk line起跳线baton接力棒bid申办bodybuilding健美运动bowler投球手breaststroke蛙泳butterfly蝶泳cheering-section啦啦队chief referee裁判长closing ceremony闭幕式COC(Chinese Olympic Committee)中国奥委会court(篮球、网球等的)场cross-country race越野赛draw平局dunk扣篮finals决赛floor exercise自由体操foul犯规freestyle自由泳Green Olympics绿色奥运gym(nasium)体育馆，健身房Hi-tech Olympics科技奥运host主办host country东道国in good form竞技状态好invitational tournament邀请赛IOC(International Olympic Committee)国际奥委会Jump the gun抢跑 marathon马拉松赛跑natatorium游泳馆OCOG(Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games)奥运会组委会on your marks各就各位opening ceremony开幕式penalty kick点球physical culture and sports体育运动playing pool水球场racket网球拍rally连续对打rebound篮板球referees crease裁判区runner-up亚军seeded team种子队shot发球smash扣球spectator观众sports ci