电梯困人应急救援预案演练方案(精编版).doc

电梯困人应急救援预案演练方案为深入贯彻中华人民共和国安全生产法和国务院特种设备安全监察条例及相关安全技术规范的规定，积极应对可能发生的电梯“困人”故障，提高应急处置能力，保障乘客生命财产安全，经研究，决定开展电梯困人应急救援演练，现根据有关法律法规和本公司特种设备事故应急救援预案制定如下演练方案：一、演练地点：惠邦国际城二期 #电梯二、演练时间： 年 月 日 时 分三、救援人员组成、分工及联系电话（见附件2和附件3）：1、总指挥：公司分管副总领导 ；联系电话： 。2、副总指挥：工程部设备管理部门负责人及电话 、安保部负责人及电话 、电梯维保单位负责人及电话 ；联系电话：。3、应急值班中心应急值守人员：消控中心应急值守人员 ；联系电话： 。联络监护人：工程部工作人员 、联系电话： ； 4、安保部：工作人员 ；，联系电话： 。 5、松闸操作人：电梯维保单位工作人员 ；联系电话： 。 6、盘车操作人：电梯维保单位工作人员 ；联系电话： 。 7、电梯层门、轿厢门开门操作人： 工程部工作人员 ；，联系电话： 。8小区或维保单位）、志愿者: 、 。（注：本工程部公司工作人员、维保单位工作人员应持有效的相应特种设备作业人员证。）四、配备工具、器材应急照明装置：2套 安全防护用具：4套通讯工具（报话机）：3套 警示牌： 付电梯三角钥匙：1把 盘车轮：1付栓松闸装置：1套 常用五金工具：1套演练相关人员通讯录：5份五、机构与职责1、机构组成与人员配置公司成立以分管副总领导为总指挥的现场应急救援队伍，；设立指挥组、救援组和操作组。指挥组由总指挥、值守人员、工程设备管理部门负责人、安保部负责人、维保单位负责人组成，总指挥配置1台报话机；救援组由设备管理部门工程部三角钥匙保管使用人、安保部工作人员组成，安保部工作人员为监护、联络员，配置1台报话机；操作组由2名电梯维保单位工作人员和1名工程部工作人员组成，设备管理部门工程部工作人员为监护、联络员，配备1台报话机。2、指挥组职责与人员分工（1）指挥组设在消控中心值班中心，负责通知联络救援各方，宣布启动应急预案，指挥应急救援行动。（2）总指挥：接受值守人员应急报告，通知联络救援各方，命令在规定时间在到达预定地点，确认各方救援工作进展情况，宣布启动应急预案，命令实施救援，组织故障原因分析和预案评价。（3）应急值守人员：负责接警，安抚被困人员，询问应急情况及被困人员状况，并及时向总指挥报告，协助总指挥做好相关工作。（4）设备管理部门工程部负责人、安保部负责人、维保单位负责人：指导确认本部门工作人员的救援工作，协助总指挥做好相关工作，安全管理部门负责人负责做好救援工作记录。3、操作组职责与人员分工（1）操作组设在电梯机房：负责确认判断故障电梯轿厢所处位置，实施救援行动的断电松闸，盘车等救援操作，并及时向总指挥报告操作进展情况。（2）维保单位工作人员A：负责检查判断故障电梯轿厢所处位置，并按就近原则确定盘车方向和平层楼层，并向本组监护、联络员报告，在维保单位工作人员B配合下，按预定方向盘车，使电梯轿厢平层预定楼层。（3）维保单位工作人员B：在总指挥的指挥下负责断电、松闸，配合维保单位工作人员A进行盘车，并向本组监护、联络员报告。（4）监护、联络员：向A、B传达总指挥的救援操作命令，监护确认A、B操作，并负责向总指挥报告进展情况。4、救援组职责与人员分工（1）救援组设在预定轿厢平层的层门口，负责安抚被困人员，开启层门、轿厢门，解救被困人员，并及时向总指挥报告救援进展情况。（2）设备管理部门工作人员：按总指挥命令用三角钥匙打开电梯厅门和轿门，在安保部工作人员的配合下将被困人员从轿厢解救出来。（3）监护、联络员：负责向设备管理部门工程部工作人员传达总指挥的开门令，并监护开门操作，协助开门人解救被困人员，负责安抚被困人员，及时向总指挥报告救援进展情况。六、演练实施步骤(一)、总指挥宣布演练开始。（二）模拟电梯困人故障1、模拟现场，由二名志愿者进入电梯，正常乘用。2、制造故障（机房有人人为按动急停开关），造成困人故障；（三）被困人员呼救与报告31、由乘客按下警铃报警，与消控值班中心对讲；叙述被困情况，请求救援；2、值班中心应急值守人员接警后向总指挥报告（四）现场救援实施、消控中心接警后向总指挥报告1、总指挥接警后立即赶赴消控值班中心，宣布启动应急预案，并通知救援责任各方立即赶赴预定地点，救援组先到酒店大堂待命，；总指挥到消控值班中心后，应急值守人员继续安抚被困人员，进一步核实被困人员状况，初步判断故障轿厢所处位置，并指挥救援组赶赴该处。2、各组人员接通知后立即携带必备工具赶赴预定地点，到达后立即向总指挥报告情况，操作组到达机房后，立即判断轿厢所处位置，初步确定盘车方向和平层楼层，向监护人报告后，由监护人向总指挥报告；总指挥接报后确定盘车方向和平层楼层，并命令救援组立即赶赴预定平层楼层电梯层门口；救援组到达预定地点后立即向总指挥报告，并安抚被困人员；各组抵达预定地点后立即开展救援准备工作，准备就绪后立即向总指挥报告。3、总指挥接报后立即命令操作组启动救援操作，操作组相关人员按断电、松闸、盘车、确认平层程序进行操作，操作结束后立即报告总指挥。4、总指挥接报后立即命令救援组开门、救人，救援组相关人员用三角钥匙开层门，先开启一点，确认电梯轿厢处于平层位置后，再开门救人，如不处于平层位置立即关门报告总指挥重新盘车（程序同前）参照附件4：针对相应类型电梯救援的方法实施现场救援。被困人员出来后立即向总指挥报告人已救出，并询问被困人员有无不适感觉，如遇到突发疾病或不适感觉立即向总指挥报告，送医院治疗。（五）后期恢复运行1、电梯交由电梯公司查明故障原因，修复完毕确认后电梯重新投入使用。2、电梯维保单位工作人员对电梯安全进行检查确认，确保故障消除。3、报告总指挥可以将电梯正常投入运行。（六）演练结束101、总指挥宣布演练结束，人员可以撤离（未下命前所有人员不得离开指定位置）。2、电梯继续投入正常运行。（七）、总结点评填写演练记录（附件1），进行经验总结与提出改进建议。附件1 电梯应急救援演练记录电梯管理单位电梯使用地点事件记录时间年 月 日 时 分接到报警年 月 日 时 分救援结束事件原因及现象分析事件（事故）时间内损失情况记录救援结束后的防护措施层门封堵； 封闭通道； 设置警戒线； 封闭现场；检查后符合安全要求，继续投入使用。其他：救援实施单位救援演练负责人签字日期电梯安全管理人员签字日期本记录由演练单位特种设备安全管理人员填写，存入档案。演练记录接警时间接警部门接警人应急情况记录应急处置情况记录总指挥抵达消控中心时间应急处置记录通知各责任方情况记录通知责任各方、安抚，宣布启动方案各责任方抵达预定地点时间地点机房层门消控中心人员时间救援准备工作情况确认及时间 地点机房层门消控中心准备状况准备就绪准备就绪准备就绪时间下达开始实施救援时间断电松闸盘车报告人开门操作人员被解救人员状况：故障原因分析：隐患处理记录：总结、点评：附件2 应急救援单位通讯录单位名称姓 名电话号码/手机号码其它联系方式单位应急救援指挥部热线应急救援总指挥应急救援副总指挥应急救援副总指挥应急救援指挥部成员1应急救援指挥部成员2应急救援指挥部成员3应急救援小组1应急救援小组2应急救援小组3应急救援小组4应急救援小组5医疗救助小组安全保卫小组后勤保障小组协调联络人员信息发布人员其他有关人员和部门附件3 社会救援力量联系表单位名称电话号码手机号码其它联系方式当地政府办公室当地特种设备主管部门友邻电梯安装维修单位1友邻电梯安装维修单位2友邻电梯安装维修单位3有关电梯生产设计厂家1有关电梯生产设计厂家2有关电梯生产设计厂家3公安机关消防部门医疗救助部门卫生防疫部门电梯协会特种设备检测机构其它有关单位附件4 有机房曳引式电梯紧急操作方法适用范围：有机房曳引电梯的紧急操作注意事项：A 本附录仅供参考，请各单位根据实际情况制定相应的应急救援方法；B 应急救援小组成员应持有特种设备主管部门颁发的特种设备作业人员证；C 救援人员2人以上;D 应急救援设备、工具：盘车轮、抱闸搬手、电梯层门钥匙、常用五金工具、撬杠、警示牌等。E 在救援的同时要保证自身安全。0、 通则（无）1、 操作程序1.1 切断电梯主电源；1.2 检查确认电梯机械传动系统（钢丝绳、传动轮）正常；1.3 检查限速器。如限速器已经动作，应先复位限速器；1.4 确认电梯层/轿门处于关闭状态；1.5 确认电梯轿厢、对重所在的位置，选择电梯准备停靠的层站；1.6参考电梯生产厂家的盘车说明，一名维修人员用抱闸板手打开机械抱闸；同时，另一名维修人员双手抓住电梯盘车轮，根据机房内确定轿厢位置的标志（如：钢丝绳层站标示）和盘车力矩，盘动电梯盘车轮，将电梯停靠在准备停靠的层站；1.7维修人员释放抱闸扳手，关闭抱闸装置，防止电梯轿厢移动；1.8维修人员应到电梯轿厢停靠层站确认电梯平层后, 用电梯层门钥匙打开电梯层门/轿门；1.9如层门钥匙无法打开层门，维修人员可到上一层站打开层门，在确认安全的情况下上到轿顶，手动盘开层门/轿门；无机房无齿轮曳引式电梯紧急操作方法适用范围：无机房无齿轮曳引电梯的紧急操作注意事项：A 本附录仅供参考，请各单位根据实际情况制定相应的应急救援方法；B 应急救援小组成员应持有特种设备主管部门颁发的特种设备作业人员证；C 救援人员2人以上;D 应急救援设备、工具：电梯层门钥匙、常用五金工具、曳引钢丝绳夹板、手动葫芦、钢丝绳套及钢丝绳卡子、搬手、铁锤、撬杠等。E 在救援的同时要保证自身安全。0、 通则0.1切断电梯主电源；0.2确认电梯轿厢门处于关闭状态；0.3检查确认电梯机械传动系统（钢丝绳、传动轮）正常；0.4准备好松开抱闸的机械或电气装置；0.5确认电梯轿厢、对重所在的位置，选择电梯准备停靠的层站；0.6电梯故障状态及手动操作电梯运行方法：4.6.1当电梯轿厢上行安全钳楔块动作或对重安全钳楔块动作，救援方法参照1；4.6.2当电梯轿厢下行安全钳楔块动作，救援方法参照2；4.6.3安全钳楔块没有闸车，救援方法参照3。1、 当电梯轿厢上行安全钳楔块动作或对重安全钳楔块动作1.1 两名维修人员可根据电梯轿厢的位置，选择进入电梯井道底坑或电梯轿顶；1.2 将钢丝绳夹板夹在对重侧钢丝绳上，用电梯生产厂家配带的轿厢提升装置（或用钢丝绳套和钢丝绳卡子将手动葫芦挂在对重侧导轨上，将手动葫芦吊钩与钢丝绳夹板挂牢）；1.3 维修人员拉动手动葫芦拉链，使对重上移；维修人员打开抱闸，轿厢向下移动，安全钳释放并复位，此时继续拉动手动葫芦拉链，轿厢向就近楼层移动，确认平层后停止拉动手动葫芦拉链，关闭抱闸装置，通知层门外的维修人员开启电梯层门/轿门；1.4 电梯层门外的维修人员在确认平层后，在轿厢停靠的楼层，用电梯层门钥匙开启电梯层门/轿门；1.5 如层门钥匙无法打开层门，维修人员可到上一层站打开层门，在确认安全的情况下上到轿顶，手动打开层门/轿门。2、 当电梯轿厢下行安全钳动作2.1 两名维修人员可根据电梯轿厢的位置，进入电梯轿顶；2.2 将钢丝绳夹板夹在轿厢侧钢丝绳上，用电梯生产厂家配带的轿厢提升装置（或用钢丝绳套和钢丝绳卡子将手动葫芦挂在轿厢侧导轨上，将手动葫芦吊钩与钢丝绳夹板挂牢）；2.3 维修人员拉动手动葫芦拉链，维修人员打开抱闸，轿厢向上移动，安全钳释放并复位，此时继续拉动手动葫芦拉链，轿厢向就近楼层移动，确认平层后停止拉动手动葫芦拉链，关闭抱闸装置，通知层门外的维修人员开启电梯层门/轿门；2.4 电梯层门外的维修人员在确认平层后，在轿厢停靠的楼层，用电梯层门钥匙开启电梯层门/轿门；2.5 如层门钥匙无法打开层门，维修人员可到上一层站打开层门，在确认安全的情况下上到轿顶，手动盘开层门/轿门。3、 安全钳楔块没有动作3.1 维修人员采用“点动”方式反复松开抱闸装置，利用轿厢重量与对重的不平衡，使电梯轿厢缓慢滑行，直至电梯轿厢停在平层位置，关闭抱闸装置，；3.2 电梯层门外的维修人员在确认平层后，在轿厢停靠的楼层，用电梯层门钥匙开启电梯层门/轿门；3.3 如层门钥匙无法打开层门，维修人员可到上一层站打开层门，在确认安全的情况下上到轿顶，手动打开层门/轿门。液压式升降电梯手动紧急操作方法适用范围：液压电梯的紧急操作注意事项：A 本附录仅供参考，请各单位根据实际情况制定相应的应急救援方法；B 应急救援小组成员应持有特种设备主管部门颁发的特种设备作业人员证；C 救援人员2人以上;D 应急救援设备、工具：电梯层门钥匙、常用五金工具、曳引钢丝绳夹板、手动葫芦、钢丝绳套及钢丝绳卡子、搬手、铁锤、撬杠等。E 在救援的同时要保证自身安全。0、 通则 （无）1、 操作程序:1.1 切断电梯主电源；1.2 确认电梯轿厢门处于关闭状态；1.3 确认电梯轿厢、对重所在的位置，选择电梯准备停靠的层站；1.4 当确认轿厢距平层位置小于30cm时，维修人员在轿厢停靠的层站，用层门开锁钥匙开启电梯层门/轿门；1.5 当液压梯采用了限速器和安全钳，如果安全钳动作，按照泵站上阀的标识，手动操作上行控制阀，电梯上行、直到安全钳楔块释放并复位，然后复位限速器。1.6 当轿厢低于平层30cm时，按照泵站上阀的标识，手动操作上行控制阀，直到电梯轿厢平层后关闭球形阀；维修人员在确认平层后，在轿厢停靠的楼层，用电梯层门层门开锁钥匙开启电梯层门/轿门；1.7 当轿厢高于平层30cm时，按照泵站上阀的标识，手动操作下行控制阀，直到电梯轿厢平层后关闭球形阀；维修人员在确认平层后，在轿厢停靠的楼层，用电梯层门层门开锁钥匙开启电梯层门/轿门。自动扶梯和自动人行道手动紧急操作方法适用范围：自动扶梯和自动人行道的紧急操作注意事项：A 本附录仅供参考，请各单位根据实际情况制定相应的应急救援方法；B 应急救援小组成员应持有特种设备主管部门颁发的特种设备作业人员证；C 救援人员2人以上;D 应急救援设备、工具：电梯层门钥匙、常用五金工具、曳引钢丝绳夹板、手动葫芦、钢丝绳套及钢丝绳卡子、搬手、铁锤、撬杠等。E 在救援的同时要保证自身安全。0、 通则 （无）1、 操作程序:1.1 切断自动扶梯或自动人行道主电源；1.2 确认自动扶梯全行程之内没有无关人员或其它杂物；1.3 确认在扶梯上（下）入口处已有维修人员进行监护，并设置了安全警示牌。严禁其他人员上（下）自动扶梯或自动人行道；1.4 确认救援行动需要自动扶梯或自动人行道运行的方向；1.5 打开上（下）机房盖板，放到安全处；1.6 装好盘车手轮（固定盘车轮除外）；1.7 一名维修人员将抱闸打开，另外一人将扶梯盘车轮上的盘车运动方向标志与救援行动需要电梯运行的方向进行对照，缓慢转动盘车手轮，使扶梯向救援行动需要的方向运行，直到满足救援需要或决定放弃手动操作扶梯运行方法；1.8 关闭抱闸装置。工程部负责人：负责演练过程记录请删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists disdain for this taxation without representation (so-called because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Income tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the population was required to pay the tax. A flat-rate income tax was imposed in 1867. The income tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Income tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Income Tax Act of 1894. The tax at that time was two percent on individual incomes in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population (pollock v. farmers loan & trust, 158 U.S. 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 1895). After many years of debate and compromise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on income without apportionment among the states. The objectives of the income tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the U.S. income tax system has become very complex. In 1913 the income tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation; the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99-514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, compared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable income, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelts new deal, imposed a five percent excise tax on dividend receipts, imposed a capital stock tax and an excess profits tax, and suspended all deductions for losses (June 16, 1933, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195). The repeal in 1933 of the eighteenth amendment, which had prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, brought in an estimated $90 million in new liquor taxes in 1934. The social security act of 1935 provided for a wage tax, half to be paid by the employee and half by the employer, to establish a federal retirement fund (Old Age Pension Act, Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620). The Wealth Tax Act, also known as the Revenue Act of 1935, increased the maximum tax rate to 79 percent, the Revenue Acts of 1940 and 1941 increased it to 81 percent, the Revenue Act of 1942 raised it to 88 percent, and the Individual Income Tax Act of 1944 raised the individual maximum rate to 94 percent. The post-World War II Revenue Act of 1945 reduced the individual maximum tax from 94 percent to 91 percent. The Revenue Act of 1950, during the korean war, reduced it to 84.4 percent, but it was raised the next year to 92 percent (Revenue Act of 1950, Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 994, Stat. 906). It remained at this level until 1964, when it was reduced to 70 percent. The Revenue Act of 1954 revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, making major changes that were beneficial to the taxpayer, including providing for child care deductions (later changed to credits), an increase in the charitable contribution limit, a tax credit against taxable retirement income, employee deductions for business expenses, and liberalized depreciation deductions. From 1954 to 1962, the Internal Revenue Code was amended by 183 separate acts. In 1974 the employee retirement income security act (ERISA) created protections for employees whose employers promised specified pensions or other retirement contributions (Pub. L. No. 93-406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829). ERISA required that to be tax deductible, the employers plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage tax-deferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 97-34, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of income for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining income. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to two-income married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their income tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax credit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for income tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and 39.6 percent on varying levels of income and for the taxation of social security income if the taxpayer receives other income over a certain level. In 2001 Congress enacted a major income tax cut at the urging of President george w. bush. Over the course of 11 years the law reduces marginal income tax rates across all levels of income. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 25 percent. In addition, a new bottom 10 percent rate was created. Since the early 1980s, a flat-rate tax system rather than the graduated bracketed method has been proposed. (The graduated bracketed method is the one that has been used since graduated taxes were introduced: the percentage of tax differs based on the amount of taxable income.) The flat-rate system would impose one rate, such as 20 percent, on all income and would eliminate special deductions, credits, and exclusions. Despite firm support by some, the flat-rate tax has not been adopted in the United States. Regardless of the changes made by legislators since 1913, the basic formula for computing the amount of tax owed has remained basically the same. To determine the amount of income tax owed, certain deductions are taken from an