高考英语研讨会课件：基于文本内容二次开发的单元复习.ppt

利用文本优势 变换复习策略 基于文本内容二次开发的单元复习,reading is writing,教科书所编写的阅读文章是写作素材的集散地，是语言现象的展示厅，是语法规则的剖析室，是文章体裁的示范本。 德尔文.g.舒伯特,关注文本特征，勾画语篇结构图，培养学生把握宏观结构的能力 定位语篇标志，分析段际、句际关系，强化学生逻辑思维能力 品味优美表达，丰富语言积累，提升学生写作能力 回归文章标题，解读其含义和作用，培养学生归纳主旨理解深义的能力 突出语法项目，结合文本语境，巩固强化语法知识 利用时事资源，围绕相同话题，培养学生读写整合能力 挖掘人文价值、文化因素，群文共读促进学生知情意行的整体发展,高考阅读文本的文体,记叙文,议论文,说明文,应用文,应用文又有其不同的格式和规范,一般采用“总分或分总”的框架结构,从论点、论据、论证来分析，一般按照“提出问题分析问题-解决问题”的模式展开论述,抓住时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，分析情节的发展（beginningdevelopmentclimaxending）,一、关注文本结构，勾画语篇结构图，培养学生把握宏观结构的能力,1.段落关系图,阅读思维： 文章的首段、尾段、每段首句或尾句段落大意文本框架结构。,题目,the theme park you are probably most familiar with is disneyland,there are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history,dollywood, in the beautiful smoky mountains in the southeastern usa, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world,if you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of english knights and ladies, princes and queens, then englands camelot park is the place for you,第一段总体介绍了主题公园的功能和类别， 二、三、四段分别介绍了三个不同的主题公园,p1(2),p2(1),p3(1),p4(1),theme parks fun and more than fun (m4u5),1.段落关系图,.,p1 various kinds of theme parks,p2 disneyland (cartoons),p3 dollywood (culture),p4 camelot park (history),2015年陕西卷阅读a篇57题 which of the following shows the structure of the whole text？,2015北京卷阅读理解 d篇70题 70. which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?,2.主次关系图,引导学生找出论点，并找出论证的方式，如举例论证、比较对比论证、引用名人名言或他人观点论证等 引导学生寻找topic sentence，并找出支撑topic sentence的details、figures 、examples,before the earthquake (sign),part,during the earthquake (damage),time order,after the earthquake (rescue work),a night the earth didnt sleep,topic sentence,first,second,first,supporting information,details,details/figures,details,1( para 1 ),2(para 2&3),3( para 4 ),part,a night the earth didnt sleep,at 3:42 am everything began to shake. it seemed as if the world was at an end! eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. it was felt in beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. one-third of the nation felt it. a huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. steam burst from holes in the ground. hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. in fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. the suffering of the people was extreme. two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. the number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.,.,but how could the survivors believe it was natural. everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. it was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. no wind, however, could blow them away. two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. the railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. sand now filled the wells instead of water. people were shocked. then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook tangshan. some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. more buildings fell down. water, food, and electricity were hard to get. people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.,3.结构内容表,结构内容表格是对文章以提纲挈领和框架结构形式进行重组。从三大维度设置空格：直接信息提取、信息转换、信息概括，即原词不变、词性转换或同义转换、提炼概括。,。,examples,how life began on the earth,the road to modern english,二、定位语篇标志，分析段际、句际关系，强化学生逻辑思维能力,how life began on the earth,many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. they multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. next, greenplants began to grow on land. they were followed in time by land animals. some were insects. others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. they produced young generally by laying eggs. after that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. they laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. however, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. this disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. these animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.,.,finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. but they are not looking after the earth very well. they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. as a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. so whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,the road to modern english,so why has english changed over time? actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. at first the english spoken in england between about ad 450 and 1150 was very different from the english spoken today. it was based more on german than the english we speak at present. then gradually between about ad 800 and 1150, english became less like german because those who ruled england spoke first danish and later french. these new settlers enriched the english language and especially its vocabulary. so by the 1600s shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. in 1620 some british settlers moved to america. later in the 18th century some british people were taken to australia too. english began to be spoken in both countries.,2014年湖南卷section c,we can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. however, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with 48 them as well as possible. an important quality in a neighbor is consideration for 49 others . people should not do things 50 which/that will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. for example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量） 51 and loud pop music should not be played very late at night. by avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoy 52 a friendly relationship with them. an equally important quality is tolerance. neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people， 53 but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 54 if/when neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance. in this way, everyone will live 55 in peace.,三、品位优美表达，丰富语言积累，提升学生写作能力,近几年高考书面表达的评分标准与以往相比要求更高,除了“要点齐全,行文连贯”等之外,还提出了“使用高级词汇,应用较多语法结构,尝试使用较复杂句式”等更高要求。,the lake of heaven 亮点分析：,名词前形容词的运用，使描述的对象更形象具体。beautiful, mountainous area, thick forest, rare plants and animals, unique plants and animals, spectacular waterfalls 高级词汇、词块的使用unique, spectacular, reward, vary fromto, be home to, a great diversity of, arouse the appreciation 表达地道、句式多变：有被动态it is kept in its natural state for the people of china and visitors from all over the world to enjoy；有倒装句among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers；有定语从句that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve., that surround tianchi；有条件状语从句和not only but also句型when you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround tianchi。,一句多译,随文仿写,长白山保持着它的原始状态，以供中国人民和世界各地的游客们欣赏。 这里地面的高度从海拔700米到2000多米不等。 长白山是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。 珍稀动物有白鹤、黑熊、豹子和虎。 然而保护区里最令人欣赏的地方则是天池。 你一到达山顶就会得到回报-你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。,changbaishan attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world because it is kept in its natural state.（使用because状语从句） owing to its well-kept natural state, changbaishan attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world. （介词短语做状语） changbaishan is kept in its natural state, which attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world.（使用非限制性定从） what attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world is that .changbaishan is kept in its natural state.(使用主语从句和表语从句) the fact that changbaishan is kept in its natural state attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world. (使用同位语从句) it is the fact that changbaishan is kept in its natural state that attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world. (使用强调句、同位语从句) if changbaishan werent kept in its natural state, it would not attract the people of china and visitors from all over the world. (使用虚拟语气) changbaishan is kept in its natural state， attracting the people of china and visitors from all over the world. (用现在分词短语做状语) kept in its natural state, changbaishan attracts the people of china and visitors from all over the world. (用过去分词短语做状语),四、回归文章标题，解读其含义和作用，培养学生归纳主旨理解深义的能力,标题的含义 表层含义 深层含义 标题的作用 概括文章内容 作为文章线索 引起读者兴趣 .,。,a night the earth didnt sleep a trip on “the true north” a very dear cat the million pound note the lake of heaven,五、突出语法项目，结合文本语境，巩固语法知识,1.分析复合句，体验高考题，在文本中理解长难句 2.改写文本，链接高考，在语境中领悟语法规则,形容词性从句，即定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句,1.分析复合句，体验高考题，在文本中理解长难句,语言技能读目标(八级)：能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句。,how life began on the earth,what it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.（what主语从句、until引起的状语后又带了一个when引导的定语从句） the earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.（so that句型，it 是形式主语，whether引导主语从句） what is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. （主语从句、表语从句中含有状语从句） it was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. （it形式主语，that引导主语从句） what many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. （主语从句、表语从句） this produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.（非限制性定从） why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.（主语从句） so whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.（第一个whether引导主语从句，第二个whether引导宾语从句）,。,2014年重庆卷阅读理解b there have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. some people believe that they cant help putting an weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. 分析：这是由while连接的表示对比的并列句。while前的分句中that引导宾语从句，其中又包含一个as引导的时间状语从句。while后的分句中hold= believe，后接that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。 译文：有些人认为随着年龄的增长他们自然就会发胖，而其他人则认为如果他们停止了锻炼，肌肉就会变成脂肪。,2014年福建卷 阅读理解d strange as it may seem, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes. 分析：先跳读as从句，if从句，忽略破折号后面部分内容。本句的主句是the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires，主句中含有一个notbut结构，不是而是破折号后面的句子是not thatbut that，也表示不是而是主句前 strange as it may seem是as引导的倒装句，正常语序为although/though it may seem strange. if youre unsatisfied是条件状语从句。 译文：很奇怪，如果你不满意，问题不是你缺乏实现愿望的方法，而是缺乏愿望-不是你不能满足你的品位，而是你没有足够的品位。,2.改写文本，链接高考，在语境中领悟语法规则,梳理语篇内容 在语境中巩固、强化语法知识,body language（非谓语动词）,yesterday i, representing our student association, went to meet some international students at the capital airport. being curious about cultural body language, i watched them greeting each other carefully. when tony met julia, he approached her, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek. however, julia stepped back and put up her hands, as if defending herself. when introduced to akira, george reached out his hand to akira while akira bowed to him, so his nose touched georges moving hand. when darlene came dashing through the door, she recognized tonys smiling face and they greeted each other by shaking hands and kissing each other on