2011年河南耶鲁专升本考试英语技巧.doc

耶鲁教育集团平时练习方法：1. 在成人考试词汇知识命题中，词汇与短语的比例约为111。要加强对单词的记忆。平时做练习时，要把一些经常考到的高频词汇和一些高频词组，记下来。同时要学会扩展式的记忆单词，除了历年考题考到的，与之相关的词组也要记下来。2. 对介词和连词的运用必须加以重视，是选择题的考试重点，最好记在相关例句。3. 记住一些常见的固定词组搭配，to do sth. 还是 doing sth，一定要记清楚，往往是考察的重点。4. 重视选用词意较为生僻或使用率偏低的词汇命题，如：suspected、concluded、announced、astonished、tough、rough、instantly、recommended、somehow、imagination、inspects、possess。5. 在成人考试中的必考3800词中，部分词汇使用率较高，如：majority,thorough,pour,beyond,ceiling,coast,envy,frequently,mass,modest,port,shortcoming,sleeve,thunder,wealth,trick,stocking,pressure。词意较为生僻或使用率偏高的词汇，应注意对单词拼写记忆必须牢固。6. 应有一定的对近义词不同搭配用法的常识，在有可能出现多个答案的情况下，对词的用法进行甄别。最常用词汇的易混易错现象，如：sit（坐），seat（就座）borrow（借入），lend（借出）bring（带来），take（带走），fetch（取）thank（+人），appreciate（+事/物）hanged（上吊），hung（挂）rise（上升），raise（拾起）especial（尤其的），special（特殊的）accident（事故），incident（事件）medal（奖章），model（模型）accept（接受），receive（收到）curious（好奇），surprised（吃惊）cloth（布），clothes（衣服），clothing（衣物）。考试基本技巧：1. 如果是介词词组辩词，首先你要注意介词本身的意思，这样有助于你去辨析整句话。2. 在辨析词汇中，单词的意思基本相近的情况下，一定要放在句子中去理解，因此句意对答案的判断有辅助作用。3. 如果完全不理解选题选项要做合理的猜测。复习内容要求考生应掌握下列基本语法规则（一）词法名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动词、连词、感叹句（二）句法1.基本句型2.句子按用途分类（1）陈述句、（2）疑问句、（3）祈使句、（4）感叹句3.句子按结构分类（1）简单句、（2）并列句、3）复合句（三）构词法1.派生法、2.合成法、3.转换法尽管聊聊几个字，但是包括的语法知识和语法点是相当多的，2010年教学大纲中提到的基本句型，就涵盖了句子中主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语的运用。尽管在大纲中，没有提到主谓一致、省略句、倒装句、强调句、直接引语和间接引语，但是我们依然要把这些语法点作为重点。最基本的语法点，关于不同词性的单词运用与辨析，在课上都一一讲解过了，而且给大家举了不少的例子，如果哪一个内容还比较模糊不清楚，可以反复来听上课的内容，还弄懂每个知识点。从2005年到2009年历届真题中，我们可以发现，语法考察的重点为三大类：1. 词法：名词单复数、形容词比较级与最高级、情态动词、介词及介词词组、连词的运用2. 句法：被动语态、虚拟语气、反意疑问句、倒装句、强调句（it 做主语）、定语从句（尤其是非限定性定语从句）3. 时态：将来时态、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去时、过去完成时（往往把时态和被动结合在一起考察大家，例如：过去分词表被动）在这里要提醒大家的是，有些语法点不仅是重点而且是多次考到的高频语法点，希望大家在平时的练习中，加以重视：过去分词的被动语态 （2006/8; 2007/8；2008/11; 2009/8）倒装句（2005/18; 2007/12; 2008/15,2009/18）、反意疑问句 （2005/14; 2008/7）虚拟语气（2005/11; 2008/12）这些语法点，一定要作为重中之重来对待，尤其是这些语法点的特殊情况，必须要牢记。考题举例 1. Its a pity that some of the people _ cannot come to the party(2009)Ainviting Binvited Cto invite Dwere invited【翻译】很遗憾，有些被邀请的人没有到场。【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态，空格中需要填的是people的定语，people 与 invite是被动关系，过去分词表被动，现在分词表主动。Invited= who were invited.2. Dianna was reading Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, completely _ in the mysterious world(2008)Abeing lost Bhaving lost Closing Dlost【翻译】戴安娜正在读哈利波特与火焰杯，完全迷失在书中神秘的世界里。【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态、已经完成或表示某种状态，这里过去分词表示状态：陷入神秘世界之中。过去分词前加 being 表示原因：由于，与题意不符。现在分词表主动，或正在进行，不合题意。3. With its expensive furniture and carefully _ color scheme, the room looked quite luxurious(2007)Achoose Bchose Cchosen Dchoosing【翻译】昂贵的家具加上仔细挑选的色系使得这个房间看起来非常豪华。【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态：被选的色系。4. The sandwiches by your mother were very delicious(2006)Amake Bmaking Cmade Dwere made【翻译】你妈妈做的三明治非常好吃。【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态, The sandwiches made by your mother= the sandwiches that were made by your mother。5. Seldom_ any mistakes during my past five years of service in the company. (2009)AI did make BI would make Cdid I make Dwould I make【翻译】过去5年在这家公司工作期间，我很少出错。【解析】本题的答案由seldom决定，由于seldom含有否定意义，空格中应用倒装语序。时间状语my past five years 决定用一般过去时。6. Only when I began to do it that I had made a mistake(2008)AI realized BI had realized Cdid I realize Dwould I realize【翻译】只有开始做的时候才会意识到自己犯了错。【解析】本题考点是倒装句。Only 起始的句子主谓要倒装。题干为过去时，选择过去时的倒装：did I realize.7. when he saw his wifes face did Tom realize the true meaning of her remark(2007)AJustBNeverCOnlyDUsually【翻译】只有当他看到她妻子的面容的时候，Tom 才意识到她谈话的真正意义。【解析】本题考点是倒装句。后半句是主句，并且从主谓的顺序可知是倒装句，never 和only 放在句首时都必须主谓倒装，但never不合题意。8. Nowhere else in the world more beautiful scenery than in Switzerland(2005)Ayou can seeByou had seenCcan you seeDhad you seen【翻译】瑞士的风景是世界上任何其他地方都不能与之媲美的。【解析】本题考点是否定词起始的句子中，主谓要倒装。这里表示一般性的赞美用现在时。9. You never told us why you were absent from the party, ? (2005)Awerent youBdidnt youCdid youDwere you【翻译】你根本没有告诉我们你没有聚会的原因，对吗？【解析】本题考点是反意疑问句，陈述部分为否定句时，疑问部分为肯定式；陈述部分为肯定时，疑问部分为否定式。陈述部分为否定意义的词，依然如此。10. None of us called the police when the two cars collided, ? (2005)Adidnt weBdont weCdid weDdo we【翻译】当两车相撞的时候，我们中没有人报警，对吗？【解析】本题考点是反意疑问句，陈述部分为否定句时，疑问部分为肯定式；陈述部分为肯定时，疑问部分为否定式。陈述部分为否定意义的词，依然如此。前陈述部分已经有了否定词none，后面反问部分应为肯定式。原句又为过去式。平时练习方法：1. 掌握基本的语法知识，对其中的一些特殊情况加以重视，如有不明白的，可以根据授课内容，及相关语法书，具体细致的掌握语法点。2. 对于历年考试中的重要的语法点，必须掌握，并延伸记忆。（不单纯只记住这点语法知识）3. 除上述提到的语法点外：主谓一致、定语从句、主语从句、状语从句、各种类型的时态等，都应该逐一去理解掌握。考试基本技巧：1. 拿到考题，首先先分析考点，属于哪种类型的语法。2. 根据考点分析，并结合句意去判断。3. 在此需要注意的是，答案必须保持与题目内容时态一致。复习内容要求根据“完形填空”题型的固有特点，可以将考查的内容大致分为三个方面：1.整体理解既然是一篇文章，它就是一个整体。整体理解大致包括以下几个方面：（1）理解整篇结构及其内在的逻辑关系；（2）理解文章中的具体情节；（3）理解事件的发生、发展、结束过程。2.词语用法词语用法大致包括以下几个方面：（1）词的多义和多用；（2）同义词、近义词的分辨；（3）形态变化；（4）词语的习惯用法和适用场合；（5）词序。3.句法结构句法结构牵涉到方方面面。最主要的有以下几个方面：（1）基本句型；（2）句子的时态和语态；（3）词的搭配关系；（4）主谓一致关系；（5）比较等级；（6）关系词的用法；（7）非谓语动词的用法；（8）口语句式。完型填空完形填空，占总比例的20%，15道题，每题2分共30分；“完形填空”是一种考查学生综合运用英语能力的题型，也是学生感到最难做的题型之一。在解答这类题时应注意掌握好语义原则和词汇-语法原则。语义原则就是要正确理解短文的意思，包括根据上下文进行逻辑推理并运用科普和社会生活常识进行事理判断等。词汇-语法原则就是要综合运用词汇和语法两方面的知识，包括词义辨析、词语搭配、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等。两条原则都十分重要，不可顾此失彼。三个标准1.意思通顺贴切确定一个答案是否正确的第一个标准就是要看它是否符合意思表达上的需要。这有以下三种情况：（1）放在原句中能否使该句意思通顺；（2）是否符合上下文；（3）与全文整体意思是否协调一致。2.结构正确完整一定的内容要用一定的形式来表达，两者必须协调一致。因此，一个完整的句子必须具有正确的结构，符合各种句法要求。要以此处理备选答案，排除不符合要求或有句法错误的答案。3.符合习惯表达每一种语言都有它独特的惯用的表达方式。所以，符合了上面两条标准的答案也不一定就是正确答案，最后还要看一看它是否符合英语的习惯表达法和固定搭配。下面提供一篇完形填空例题。让我们用上述方法对其进行剖析，以便举一反三，触类旁通。平时练习方法：1、多读多练阅读短文，同时在课余时间多读课外的英文读物，英语学习不仅是背诵单词，做阅读练习，它也是文化的沟通，文明的传递。2、应该重视语篇学习，构建语篇意识。在做完型填空练习题时，应在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。3、正确理解语境的含义。语境context在英文中指“某事或某物发生的环境或应该考虑到的环境或背景”，语境大致可分为四个层次:指空格前后的单词、词组和句子；空格前后的细节内容；全文的结构和主旨大意；作者的背景，写作思路，态度观点。尤其是后两者，只有正确理解了语境的完整含义，才能做出准确地选择。4、 学会积累考点，同时攻破自己在此类题中的薄弱环节。例如：词汇、句法等。考试基本技巧：(1)从首句抓主题。完型填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空格，因此它往往是了解文章全貌的关键，由此可判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，对理解全文有重要的启示作用。 （2)通读掌握大意。先把短文从头到尾快速阅读一至两遍，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。在掌握了短文大意之后，才可边读短文边选择答案。但要注意文中的暗示，努力找出关键词。如果是故事性文章，那时间、地点、人物就是关键词； 抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索，进而理解全文。 (3)下手先易后难。对空格前后句子作深入分析，确定空格在句中的意思。如果是语法问题，不仅要考虑时态、语态，还要考虑整个词法、句法。如果是语义问题，要从上下文分析，依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。先易后难就是首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的、直接的、明显的答案，如：固定词组、常见句型等。同时，不要忘记首尾照应，首句必须要专注，同时不要忽视尾句的作用。另外要牢记文章的中心思想，每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思要联系起来理解。文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。 (4)上下合乎逻辑。这是从句子结构的角度来考虑。如果空白处位于引导状语从句的位置上，则首先要分清是何种状语从句（时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、比较关系、行为方式），然后再选择适当的词填空。因此，填入单词后要使句子意思和结构都完整，合乎逻辑。 (5)复查消除疏漏。填空全部完成后，还要通读一遍，检查是否前后连贯。如果有某些地方意义含混或矛盾，就应该依据文章的中心意思来重新考虑。从意义和语法两个角度仔细权衡，加以改正，以便弥补疏漏。从语法上，检查一下所完成的句子是否主谓一致：时态、语态是否正确；句词、代词的性、格是否一致；动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否准确无误。考题举例 专升本2005年考题IcanclearlyrememberthefirsttimeImetMr.Andrews,myoldheadmaster,_21_thatwasovertwentyyearsago.Duringthewar,IwasatschoolinthenorthofEngland.Assoonasitended,myfamilyreturnedtoLondon.Therewerenotenoughschoolsleftforchildrentogotoandmyfatherhadtogofromoneschooltoanother,askingthemto_22_measapupil.Iusedtogowithhimbuthehadsucha_23_timetryingtopersuadepeopleeventoseehimthatIseldomhadtodoanytests.Wehadbeentoalltheschoolsnearwherewelived,butthemoremyfatherargued,themore_24_itbecame.Intheend,wewenttoaschoolaboutfivemilesawayfromhome.Theheadmasterkeptuswaitingfor_25_anhour.Whilewewerewaiting,I_26_aroundattheschoolbuilding,whichwasoneofthoseoldVictorianstructures,completelyoutofdatebutstillstanding.Icouldheartheboysplayingintheplaygroundoutsidewhentheheadmasterssecretaryfinally_27_usintohisoffice.Mr.Andrewsspoketomefirst.“Whydoyouwanttocomehere?” heasked.IhadbeenthinkingofsayingsomethingaboutstudyingbutIcouldnt_28_rememberingtheboysoutside.“IdontknowanyoneinLondon,”Isaid.“Iliketoplaywiththeotherboys.Iliketoreadalotofbookstoo,”I_29_.“Allright,” Mr.Andrewssaid.“Wehaveoneplace_30_,infact.” Mytwoyearsatthatschoolwereamongthehappiestofmylife.21.A.ifB.despiteC.althoughD.since 【分析】这是一篇关于伦敦战后生活的短文。根据上下文，此处作者是在强调，即便是20多年前的事情了，他对当时的情景仍然记忆犹新。22.A.takeB.bringC.treatD.get 【分析】take表示“接受”。战后作者全家回到伦敦，而那里让小孩念书的学校并不多。作者的父亲不得不挨个到学校去求情，希望学校收留他的孩子。23.A.pleasantB.hardC.goodD.bad【分析】hard time 表示“艰难的时刻”，bad time表示“日子不好过”，通常作者是跟着父亲一道去。但常常父亲连说服学校见他一面的机会都很少，所以作者也就很少有机会做进校的测试。24. A.hopefulB.beneficialC.complicatedD.impossible 【分析】此句意为：我们把附近的学校都走遍了，父亲与学校的争执越多，我入学的可能性就越小。25.A.atmostB.atlastC.atleastD.atfirst【分析】 根据上下文，当时入学是非常困难的，校长对家长很怠慢，因此应选at least，意思为：最后，我们跑到一个离家有五英里远的学校，校长让我们等了最少一个小时。26.A.lookedB.turnedC.playedD.ran 【分析】look around表示“环顾，查看”; turn round表示“转身”，意思是：我们等着的时候，我环顾了学校的建筑，发现这是很老的， 早已过时了的维多利亚时期的建筑结构。27.A.madeB.letC.sentD.urged 【分析】made 意为：“迫使”；let意为“准许”；sent 意为“送，派遣”； urged意为：“催促，力劝”。意思为：校长秘书终于准许我们进入办公室。28.A.enjoyB.mind C.stopD.help 【分析】couldnt help doing sth. 表示 “ 控制不住要做某事”。意思为：校长先发问：“你为什么要到这个学校？”“我本想说些学习上的事，但却忘不掉外面玩耍的孩子们。”29.A.arguedB.protestedC.addedD.thought 【分析】意思为：我说：“我在伦敦谁都不认识。”有加一句：“我喜欢跟其他孩子们玩，我也喜欢读书。”30.A.emptyB.free C.blankD.bare【分析】empty意为：空的（容器）; free意为：空余的（房间等）；blank意为：空白的（表格）；bare 意为：“秃的，光着的”。意为：校长说：“我们还有一个空位。”英语独立主格结构用法小结1非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语, 从而在结构上与主语不发生关系, 我们称之为独立主格结构( Absolute Construction) 。其实, 所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立, 它还是一种从属的结构。一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中, 非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。请看下面的例子：Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(不定式)such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系, 即 Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后, 他母亲开始给他讲故事。(现在分词)He seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语he, 即 When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙, 他只好步行去学校。(过去分词)the key 是 lost 的逻辑主语, lost 也可以用完成式having been lost，即 Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. 1、不定式独立主格结构在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中, 动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来, 他正在忙着准备饭菜。( As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.) Will you go to the comcert tonight?Sorry. So many exerise-books to check, I really cant afford any time.你今晚去听音乐会吗？对不起, 有这多的作业要批, 我真的抽不出时间。( Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really cant afford any time.) The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干, 每人翻译全书的四分之一。( The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.) Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树, 花和草后, 我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)2、现在分词ing形式独立主格结构动词的-ing形式作各种状语时, 其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致，ing 的独立结构相当于一个状语从句。Being ill, he went home.( As he was very ill, he went home.) 由于生病, 他回家了。Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.( When he had seated himself at the desk.) 在课桌旁坐好后, 他开始看杂志。Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. ( When everyone was ready.)每个人都准备好后, 老师开始上课。The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.( After everyone was seated.) 每个人坐好后, 主席开始开会。The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. ( Because the boy led the way) 由那个男孩带路, 我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. ( As many eyes were watching him) 许多眼睛看着他, 他感到有点儿紧张。Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.( If time permits.)时间允许的话, 我们下星期将进行一次野炊。My health allowing, I will work far into the night.(If my health allows.) 我的健康许可的话, 我愿工作到深夜。The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.( and each wears a card in front of his chest) 学生们快乐地在学校里走着, 每个人胸前都带着一张卡。The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.( and his eyes were looking at the sky) 男孩躺在草地上, 眼睛看着天空。注意：系动词be 也可以用分词形式的独立结构。例如：It being National Day today, the streets are very crowded. (As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)今天是国庆节, 街上很拥挤。There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. (As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)没有别的事可讨论, 我们都回家了。3、过去分词-ed形式的独立主格结构如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话, 就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的, 英语初学者也能看懂。(As the book was written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.)The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高, 他们工作得更起劲了。(As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲, 眼睛紧盯着黑板。(He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)The task completed, he had two months leave.任务完成以后, 他休了两个月的假。( When the task had been completed, he had two months leave.) 4、非谓语动词独立结构析比较动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生, 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束, 动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。The manager looks worried, many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。( 事情还没有处理, 而且是由经理本人来处理, 用不定式to settle) The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松。( 事情已经处理好了, 用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束) The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭, 一边看电视。( 两个动作同时进行) The food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了, 小孩去睡了。( 两个动作有先后, 饭已做好, 小孩才去睡觉的) 二、无动词独立主格结构在含有being 的独立主格结构中, being 往往可以被省去。这种省去being的结构, 称之为无动词独立主格结构。1、逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛, 年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。( the youngest being a boy of 12 省去了being) 注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略, 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中, 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车, 我们只好走回家。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日, 所有办公室都关门。2、逻辑主语+形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪地转向我。( his eyes being sleepy 省去了being, 等于He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. )He stood there, his mouth wide open. 他站在那里, 嘴张得大大的。( his mouth being wide open，等于He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.)3、逻辑主语+副词School over, we all went home. 放学了, 我们都回家了。( school being over，等于= School was over, and we all went home. )He sat at his desk, his shoes off. 他坐在课桌旁, 没穿鞋子。( his shoes being off，等于He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.)4、逻辑主语+介词短语He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站在黑板面前, 背对着我们。(He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.)The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 新老师面带微笑走了进来。(The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.)The teacher came into the classroom, a rule in his hand.老师走进教室, 手里拿着一把直尺。(The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.)提示：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”的独立主格结构里, 如果名词用单数, 可以不用冠词, 同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。例如：The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音乐老师站在门口, 手里拿着一把小提琴。( a violin in his hand.) 三、 with / without 引导的独立主格结构在上面所讲的独立结构前，都可以加上介词with / without，构成了“with / without +宾语+宾语的补足语”的独立主格结构形式。例如：1、with+名词、代词、形容词He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。= He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中, 衣服湿透了。= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在with 的独立主格结构中, 也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。例如：With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望, 老人感到很不快乐。With his father well-known, the boy didn誸 want to study.父亲如此出名, 儿子不想读书。2、with+名词代词、副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时, 我们的学校看上去更美。= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前, 小孩在后走着。= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.3、with+名词代词、介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口, 手里拿着一部电脑。= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前, 嘴里衔着一支笔。= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.4、with+名词代词、动词的-ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了, 彼得出去玩了。= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了, 火车开始起动了。= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn誸 dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成, 我不敢回家。= I wouldnt dare go home because the job was not finished.5、with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围, 那男子感到很高兴。= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来, 没有人知道它在哪里。= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候, 从窗口溜走了。= When no one