牛津初中英语语法汇总.doc

牛津初中英语语法汇总1.名词2.代词3.数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词（比较级、最高级）7.副词（比较级、最高级）8.冠词9.动词（情态动词）10.时态:现在进行时一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时现在完成时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词：动词不定式 13.主从复合句宾语从句状语从句（if，unless，although，sothat）定语从句（who，that，which）14.直接引语与间接引语牛津初中英语不规则动词汇总现在式（动词原形）过去式过去分词am,iswasbeenarewerebeenbecomebecamebecomebeginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokenbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburned/burntburned/burntbuyboughtboughtcancould-catchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutdigdugdugdo,doesdiddonedrawdrewdrawndreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflownforgetforgotforgottenforgiveforgaveforgivengetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhas,havehadhadhearheardheardhidehidhiddenhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtkeepkeptkeptknowknewknownlaylaidlaidlearnlearned/learntlearned/learntleaveleftleftlendlentlentletletletlielaylainloselostlostmakemademademaymight-meanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidputputputreadreadreadrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshakeshookshakenshallshould-shineshoneshoneshootshotshotshowshowedshownshutshutshutsingsangsungsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptsmellsmeltsmeltspeakspokespokenspellspelled/speltspelled/speltspendspentspentstandstoodstoodstealstolestolenstickstuckstuckswimswamswumtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtteartoretorntelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwakewokewokenwearworewornwillwould-winwonwonwritewrotewritten牛津初中英语语法归纳7AUnit1一般现在时(is/am/are,do/does)的肯定、否定和疑问形式。例：Myhairislong.Catseatfish.Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.7AUnit21人称代词主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,they.在句中作主语。例：We/I/You/Theyhavelunchatschool.He/She/Itlooksatme.2人称代词宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,them在句中作宾语。例：Theteacheroftenhelpsus/me/him/her/them.7AUnit3时间介词at,on,in疑问词：what,which,who,whose,when,where,why,howsome,any的用法7AUnit4频率副词never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,alwaysTherebe结构表示“某个地方客观存在”。7AUnit5现在进行时is/am/are+doing表示正在进行的动作.7AUnit6can,may表示“允许、可以”。顺序副词：first,then,next,afterwards,finally.7BUnit1方位介词：infrontof,between,nextto,between,opposite,on基数词：one,two,three,four,序数词：first,second,third,fourth.7BUnit2howmuch,howmany.表示“多少”，前者跟不可数名词，后者跟可数名词的复数。名词所有格:Millieshome,Thetwostudentshomes.形容词性物主代词：my,your,his,her,our,their,its名词性物主代词：mine,yours,his,her,ours,theirs,its4.定冠词the的用法:独一无二的，前文已提到过的。7BUnit3动作介词：across,along,through,over,to,up,down,round,from一般将来时：will+动词原形，shall+动词原形（但只能用于we/I第一人称）is/am/aregoingto+动词原形7BUnit4一般过去时的肯定、否定和疑问形式。be动词的过去式：was/weredo（实义动词）的过去式分规则和不规则两类。7BUnit5用can/could表示“能力”“会”。IcanspeakEnglish.IcouldswimwhenIwasyoung.用can/could表示“可能”“可能性”。Iamfree.Icanhelpyou.Atthattime,anythingcouldhappen.感叹句Whatagoodgirl!Whatbadweather!Howniceitis!7BUnit6祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式：Walkthedogat7:00.(Please)dontchasethecat.情态动词should,oughtto&must的用法should(应该)/shouldnt(不应该)，oughtto(应该)/oughtnotto（不应该）,must(必须)/mustnt(不可以，不允许)8AUnit11.描述性形容词，如：short,long,round,interesting,funny,slim,important,beautiful等。2形容词的比较级和最高级规则的bigger/thebiggestmoreimportant/themostimportant不规则的worse/theworst表示“比较”的句式：as+形容词+as-“和。一样”notas/so+形容词+as“。不如。”8AUnit2比较两者间的数量用以下句式：more.than,fewer.than.,lessthan例：Ihavemore/fewerapplesthanyou.(后跟复数名词)Ihavemore/lessfreetimethanhe/him.（后跟不可数名词）2比较两者以上间的数量用themost,thefewest,theleast.例：Amyscoredthemost/fewestpointsofall.Danielhastheleastmoneyofthethree.3用like&alike来比较。例：Myskirtis/lookslikehers.=Myskirtandhersarealike.4.用词组thesameas&bedifferentfrom来比较8AUnit31.and,but,or(或者)的用法。2.动词+todo这些动词有：plan,agree,want,decide,choose,hope,learn,prepare等。3反身代词：myself,yourself,yourselves,ourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves8AUnit4由if引导的条件状语从句1.用来描述可能出现的情况，主句时态用将来时，如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.2用来描述反复的、可预见的情况，主句时态用一般时。如：Iftigersarehungry,theyattackpeople.8AUnit51.用一般现在时表示“将来”。如：Thetrainleavesat9:00.2用现在进行时表示“将来”，如：WeareleavingforShanghaithisevening.3方式副词：quietly,gently,easily,well往往由形容词+ly变成副词，如：quietquietly,easyeasily,possiblepossibly少数副词和形容词同形，如：fast,early,long等。注意：goodwell,nearnearly,hard-hardly8AUnit61.表示原因的连词：because,as,since.(这些词放在原因从句之前，主句不能再用so.)2.表示命令、请求、建议的句式：tell/ask/order/advise/warnsb.(not)todosth.8BUnit1现在完成时结构：have/has+PP表示动作发生在过去但对现在仍有影响。肯定、否定和疑问形式常用的一些时间状语，如：already,ever,for,since,just,never,yet等。for+一段时间，since+过去的一点时间/用过去式的从句，相对应的主句动词要用延续性动词，如：leave-beaway,die-bedead,borrow-keep,buyhave,come-behere,join-bein/beamemberof等。如：Hehasleftalready.Hehasbeenawayfortwohours.8BUnit21.过去进行时was/were+doing表示过去某个时刻正在进行的。2.肯定、否定和疑问形式.3.while和when在过去进行时中的用法：进行时+while+进行时过去式，while+进行时=when+过去式，进行时例：IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyfatherwaswatchingTV.Thebellrangwhilehewasreadingbooks.Whenthebellrang,hewasreadingbooks.(以上这两句主从句前后可以互换)8BUnit3被动语态结构：be+PP时态变化都只改变be的各种形式肯定、否定和疑问形式不是所有的动词都有被动形式，如感觉动词:feel,smell,look,taste,sound和happen,takeplace等。主动形式表被动意义，如:Thisshirtsellswell.（详细见课件复习）8BUnit4because,becauseof,so的用法。because+从句，becauseof+短语(but:whatyousaid),两者后都跟原因。so后跟结果的从句。同一句子中，不能同时出现because/becauseof和so.2hope&wish的用法hope所希望的是有可能实现的，但wish所希望的是现在不可能实现的。如：Ihopeyoucancometomyparty.IwishIwerethePresident.3.主语hopetodosth.,主语hope其他人做某事，要跟从句。wish可用来向某人祝福，如：Iwishyouahappynewyear!8BUnit5宾语从句(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句)usedto&beusedto的用法usedtodo意思为：过去常常，过去曾。如：Heusedtobeateacher.Heusedtogetupearly.beusedtodoing/sth.意思为：习惯于做某事，如：Heisusedtothebadweather.Heisusedtogettingupearly.8BUnit6三个句型结构：Its+形容词+that从句，如：Itisnecessarythatwehelptheelderly.Its+形容词+todosth.，如ItsusefultolearnEnglishwell.Its+形容词+forsb(not).todosth.，如：Itsnecessaryforustoprotecttheenvironment.9AUnit11.句式：Itis+形容词（性格）+ofsb.+(not)todosth.如：Itskindofyoutohelpme.2.句式：主语+be+形容词+enough+todosth.如：Theyarepatientenoughtowaitformefor2hours.3.句子的不同成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。9AUnit2固定结构：wouldratherthan宁愿。也不愿。如：Onsucharainyday,Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.固定结构：preferto宁愿。不愿。，比起。更喜欢。如：Ipreferredtoblue.Onsucharainyday,Ipreferstayingathometogoingout.不定代词：someone/somebody,anyone/anybody,noone/nobodysomething,anything,nothing,none作主语时为单数，形容词后置。9AUnit31.疑问词+todo如：Idontknowhowtodoit./whattodo.Wehaventdecidedwhentohavethemeeting.2句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。3宾语补足语。如：Wefindhimagoodboy/good.4.5种句子结构主语+谓语Millieisreading.