完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力.doc

完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力，是广大学生倍感畏惧的题型。很多学生都会问老师怎样才能做好完形填空这道题，多数的回答要么很理论，要么很笼统，学生听后感觉还是模糊不清。本人通过多年的学习、思考和总结，归纳出了多种解题方法：顺势承接法，逆向推导法，逻辑推理法，情景排除法，词语搭配法，词语复现法，主旨匹配法，首句联想法，呼应对照法，语气判定法等。下面就结合高考实例介绍其中的几种方法，希望大家指正。1顺势承接法完形填空的某些空白前，有时会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“铺垫”。优秀的学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或铺垫，对下文顺势进行判断和推测，心中往往能预想到答案，并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。例1(2010年高考北京卷)mrs. neidl would ask me for my 37 . she wanted to know how i thought we should 38 things. at first i had no idea how to answer because i knew 39 about stage design! but i slowly began to respond to her 40 . it was cause and effect: she believed i had opinions, so i began to 41 them. she trusted me to complete things, so i completed them perfectly. she loved how 42 i was, so i began to show up to paint more and more. she believed in me, so i began to believe in myself.37. a. opinion b. impression c. information d. intention38. a. make b. keep c. handle d. change 39. a. anything b. something c. everything d. nothing40. a. questions b. comments c. explanations d. remarks41. a. hold b. follow c. evaluate d. form42. a. happy b. lively c. reliable d. punctual解析：根据前文的伏笔would ask me for my ; how to answer，用顺势承接法可推知40答案分别为a。根据前面的she believed i had opinions，顺势可推知41为d（形成自己的看法）。例2one morning, the boy came to robert with a beautiful map of an island. robert 44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of 45 . “whats that?” he asked. “thats the 46 treasure,” said the boy. robert suddenly 47 something of an adventure story in the boys 48 .44. a. doubted b. noticed c. decided d. recognized45. a. the sea b. the house c. scotland d. the island46. a. forgotten b. buried c. discovered d. unexpected47. a. saw b. drew c. made d. learned48. a. book b. reply c. picture d. mind解析：根据前文的伏笔a beautiful map of an island，用顺势承接法可推知45题和48题的答案分别为d和c。 2逆向推导法完形填空题的选项往往需要考生根据文章下文提供的暗示进行判断和确定，这就需要考生要想办法在下文中找出这些暗示或依据，从后往前进行推导。此即我们常说的“瞻前顾后”中的“顾后”。例1 (2010年高考湖北卷)the passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as susan made her way carefully up the steps. she paid the driver and then, using her hands to 31 the seats, settled in one of them.it had been a year since susan became blind. as the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of 32 . susans husband mark watched her 33 into hopelessness and he was 34 to use every possible means to help his wife.31.a. touch b. grab c. count d. feel32.a. weakness b. sickness c. darkness d. sadness33.a. run b. sink c. jump d. step34.a. inspired b. determined c. honored d. pleased 解析：根据3第二段中的became blind可逆向推知31题的答案为c。例2 (2009全国卷i)on the morning of his graduation day his father called him into his own study and told him how 39 he was to have such a fine son. he handed his son a beautiful gift box. 40 but slightly disappointed, the young man 41 the box and found a lovely book, 42 , he raised his voice at his father and said. “ 43 all your money you give me a book?” and rushed out of the house 44 the book in the study.39. a. encouraged b. comfortable c. proud d. moved40. a. nervous b. serious c. careful d. curious41. a. packed b. opened c. picked up d. put aside42. a. angrily b. eagerly c. calmly d. anxiously 解析：根据39空后面的a fine son可推知39题的答案为c。根据raised his voice at his father可推知42题答案为a。 3逻辑推理法文章的段与段，句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，递进关系，因果关系等。完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。例1 (2010年高考江苏卷)i was nine years old when she entered our home in rural virginia. my father _36_ me to her with these words: “i would like you to meet the fellow who is _37 for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no _38 than tomorrow morning.”my stepmother walked over to me, _39 my head slightly upward, and looked me right in the eye. then she looked at my father and replied, “you are _40 . this is not the worst boy at all, _41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释放的途径）for his enthusiasm.”36. a. rushed b. sent c. carried d. introduced 37. a. distinguished b. favored c. mistaken d. rewarded38. a. sooner b. later c. longer d. earlier39. a. dragged b. shook c. raised d. bent40. a. perfect b. right c. wrong d. impolite41. a. but b. so c. and d. or 解析：41题前后两句话很明显是转折关系，所以答案应为a。例2(2010年高考江西卷)when alice started to cycle home from jennys house, she wasnt nervous. she was certainly not afraid of the dark. 36 , it was only a 15-minute ride home. but halfway there, she began to wish that she hadnt been so 37 . as she rounded a sharp bend, it suddenly 38 coldvery cold. alices breath became puffs of white cloud and her legs were so cold that it became hard to ride. 36.a. however b. besides c. therefore d. otherwise 37.a. brave b. excited c. curious d. stubborn 38.a. fell b. seemed c. proved d. grew 解析：36题前后两句话很明显是递进关系，所以答案应为b。 4情景排除法情景排除法。完形填空题中的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的。这时就要示考生对空白前后的情景进行合理想像，然后用排除法确定正确选项，因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。例1 (2010年高考江苏卷)when i turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand _47 and told me that she believed that i could become a writer. i knew her enthusiasm, i _48 it, and i saw how it had already improved our lives. i accepted her _49 and began to write for local newspapers. i was doing the same kind of _50 that great day i went to interview andrew carnegie and received the task which became my lifes work later. i wasnt the _51 beneficiary (受益者). my father became the _52 man in town. my brother and stepbrothers became a physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.what power _53 has! when that power is released to support the certainty of ones purpose and is _54 strengthened by faith, it becomes an irresistible（不可抗拒的）force which poverty and temporary defeat can never _55 .47. a. camera b. radio c. bicycle d. typewriter48. a. considered b. suspected c. ignored d. appreciated49. a. belief b. request c. criticism d. description50. a. teaching b. writing c. studying d. reading 51. a. next b. same c. only d. real52. a. cleverest b. wealthiest c. strongest d. healthiest53. a. enthusiasm b. sympathy c. fortune d. confidence54. a. deliberately b. happily c. traditionally d. constantly55. a. win b. match c. reach d. doubt 解析：52题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示，但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能推测出答案的。“我不是唯一的受益者”“我的哥哥弟弟们成了内科医生，牙医，律师，大学校长”，这可都是有钱人啊。因此可推出他爸爸也很富有。故52题的答案为b。54题，情景应该是“信任使这种力量不断加强，最后成为不可抗拒的力量。”故答案为d。例2(2010年高考全国卷ii)about twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very 30 . there was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be 31 noticed. every passenger simply held on for dear life except one. a 32 was having a good time! with each bump of the 33 , he would let out a giggle (咯咯的笑) of delight. as i observed this, i 34 that he didnt know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his 35 . he neither thought about the past nor about the future. those are what we grown-ups have learned from 36 . he was 37 the ride because he had not yet been taught to fear it. having understood this, i took a deep breath and 38 back into my seat, pretending i was 39 on a roller coaster. i smiled for the rest of the flight. i even 40 to giggle once or twice, much to the chagrin (懊恼) of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.30. a. quiet b. hot c. dirty d. crowded31. a. partly b. gradually c. shortly d. clearly32. a. pilot b. baby c. guard d. man33. a. seats b. passengers c. flight d. airplane34. a. realized b. hoped c. agreed d. insisted35. a. health b. safety c. joy d. future36. a. teachers b. books c. experience d. practice37. a. learning b. taking c. missing d. enjoying38. a. sat b. lay c. went d. rode39. a. nearly b. finally c. really d. suddenly40. a. attempted b. managed c. wanted d. decided解析：35题与36题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示，但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能推测出答案的。“小孩太小，还不懂事，对自己的安全全然不知”；“大人们害怕、担心，那是他们从经历中学到的”。故35题和36题的答案分别为b和c。 5词语搭配法词语搭配法。完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的搭配，主要考查动词与名词，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。例1 (2010年高考北京卷)mrs. neidls 43 that year was, “try it. we can always paint over it 44 !” i began to take 45 . i had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing-only things to be 46 upon. i learned to dip my brush into the paint and 47 create something.the shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. i was 48 in the program as “student art assistant” because of the time and effort id put in. it was that year that i 49 i wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design. 43. a. message b. motto c. saying d. suggestion44. a. again b. more c. instead d. later45. a. steps b. control c. charge d. risks46. a. improved b. acted c. looked d. reflected 47. a. easily b. carefully c. confidently d. proudly48. a. introduced b. recognized c. identified d. considered49. a. confirmed b. decided c. realized d. acknowledged解析：48题考查固定搭配。be recognized as.意为“被公认为，被认可为”。例2(2010年高考全国卷i)he smiled and said, “she doesnt know me, but i know who she is.” i had to hold back 50 as he left.now i 51 that in marriages, true love is 52 of all that is. the happiest people dont 53 have the best of everything; they just 54 the best of everything they have. 55 isnt about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain.50. a. curiosity b. tears c. words d. judgment51. a. realize b. suggest c. hope d. prove52. a. agreement b. expression c. acceptance d. exhibition53. a. necessarily b. completely c. naturally d. frequently54. a. learn b. make c. favor d. try55. a. adventure b. beauty c. trust d. life解析：53题与54题考查就是固定搭配。not necessarily意为“未必”；make the best of意为“充分利用；尽可能地善用”。6词语复现法词语复现法。完型填空的文章虽短，但又是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复习现得到了相互衔接。因此完形填空题的某个空格所对应的答案可能就是上下文中复现的相关词，我们据此就能找到正确答案。例1 (2010年高考山东卷)as i found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two 47in two languages. my aunt even goes so far as to 48that a chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in english! 50 , she insisted that i read the definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary 51 i wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. 52 , i have come to see what she mea