教案非谓语动词作定语.doc

非谓语动词作定语适用学科英语适用年级高二知识点不定式，现在分词和过去分词作定语修饰名词教学目标 知识与技能：1、掌握各种形式的意义2、了解非谓语动词在英语中的重要性过程与方法：培养学生对非谓语动词的理解，以及适当应用教学重点To do, to be done, doing, being done, done作定语教学难点理解to be done, doing, being done, done作定语时的含义以及运用教学过程1、 复习预习复习非谓语动词作状语的基础知识，特别是分词作状语时的用法，预习用非谓语动词作定语来达到定语从句的效果。2、 知识讲解考点1 不定式作定语1) 形式： to do To be done 2) 不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾关系，要是不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词。例：I have something to say. (to say something )Ill give you a magazine to read.That is a good company to work for.He is a pleasant fellow to work with.Would you bring me a bench to sit on?3) 有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effort ,right (权利)，movement等You havent any reason to leave me.You have no right to do such a thing.He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakness.He put himself out of the way to help others.We have no time to lose.Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.4) The first ,the last ,the second ,the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。He is always the first to come.She would be the last to agree to our plan.You are the second to ask me that question.Ill do my poor best to fix it up.当to go ,to spare 作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例：He had five minutes to go before time was up.They had only 100 dollars to spare.5) 不定式用在某些句子中作定语相当于一个定语从句，表示动作即将发生。There are many difficulties to overcome.= There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.He has a large family to support.= He has a large family that he must support.考点2 现在分词作定语1) 形式Doing 主动进行(前后都可以)Being done 被动进行（只能放到后面做后置定语）The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.The matter being discussed ( which is being discussed ) is of great importance.2) 作定语的单词或者分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。The sleeping child The child who is sleeping.Falling leaves The leaves which are fallingThe pen lying on the table belongs to you.The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.The boy making faces is my son. The boy who is making faces is my son.The house being painted is mine.The house which is being built is mine.注意：现在分词作后置定语表示一个（现在或将来）正在进行的动作，或者表示某经常性动或状态。Can you see the star moving in the sky?There is a piano standing in the corner.如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致，不能使用现在分词，而应使用定语从句。I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)Break 的动作是先发生上例不能用现在分词，应改为定语从句。如：.who broke the window.因此我们就知道在那种情况下定语从句可以用现在分词代替，即：定语从句动词所表示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。Did you see the man (who was) talking to the headmaster?The hospital which stands /standing across the street was set up last year.(stands 表示一个经常性的状态)3) 位置1 动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前，表示被修饰词的用途、类属等。a writing table = a table for writing (动名词)a swimming pool = a pool for swimming （动名词）a waiting room = a room for waiting （动名词）drinking water = water for drinking （动名词）No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. （动名词）That is a shop dealing in walking stick. （动名词）a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （现在分词）The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. （现在分词）All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water. (现在分词)从上述看，单个动名词和现在分词都可以作前置定语，但现在分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为，而动名词和被修饰的名词不表示这种关系，只表示与被修饰名词的用途、类属等。动名词作介词宾语构成的介词短语可定语。例：He is in the habit of rising early.( of rising 修饰名词habit )She has a good idea of playing snowball.( of playing 修饰名词idea )有些名词有时也可接不定式和其接“介词动名词”在意义上没有区别。例：That is the way of setting the problem.That is the way to settle the problem.这类名词常用的有：time for doing sth. Reason of doing sth.Time to do sth. Reason to do sth.Freedom in doing sth. Chance of doing sth.Freedom to do sth. Chance to do sth.Failure in doing sth. Patience in doing sthFailure to do sth. Patience to do sth.Choice of doing sth. Opportunity of doing sth.Choice to do sth. Opportunity to do sth.但有些名词和purpose ,method ,idea ,habit 等后面只能接of + 动名词，不接不定式，有些名词如promise ,effort ,desire ,attempt ,ability ,refusal ,determination ,failure 不接of + 动名词，但可以接不定式。例：It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. (不用method to pass)The old man is in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast. (不用habit to do )dont trust his promise to come for a visit. （不用promise of coming ）She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas in Bursley . （不用refusal of spending）But his efforts to get her back were vain. (不用efforts of getting)2 有些单个分词（尤其是现在分词）作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，特别如一些不定3 代词anything ,something ,everything ,nothing 等则应后置。例：the experience gained (获得的经验)for the time being (暂时)for years running ( 一连数年)She found the window open and something stolen. There is nothing doing.There is nothing interesting in todays paper.They can see everything happening on the line.Is there anything interesting in the book?4 分词短语置于被修饰词之后The pen lying on the table belongs to you.The boy making faces is my son.I like songs performed by Mao Aming.考点3 -ed分词作定语1) 形式Done被动完成，或者被动有时过去分词则表示被动，不表示完成的动作，有时则表示动作的完成，不表示被动的动作。the fallen leaves (动作已完成)developed countries (动作已完成)an interested party (被动)Is this the book written ( which was written) by Henry James?He was then a teacher respected ( who was respected ) by all his students.2) 和现在分词一样，单个单词作定语一般放在名词之前，短语作定语转化成定语从句放在名词之后，后置定语。而且可以转话成定语从句Do you know anyone lost money？Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)Do you know anyone who lost money. (V)注意：像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.3、 例题精析【例题1】【题干】-What do you think of the middle school? -It is a very good _.A. school to study B. School to study in C. Studying school D. school for children to study 【答案】：B【解析】：从本题的答案看并结合提干的要求接上一个名词school，后在这个名词后面使用不定式作该名词的定语，从答案中看给的不定式to study，在此是作不及物动词，因此不定式的后面应加上一个介词in才合乎题意，所以选B。2. Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path _ to the front.A. to lead B. Led C. Leading D. being led【答案】：C【解析】：据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选C。3. They set up an _ table in a small temple to operate on the _ soldiers.A. operating ;wounded B. Operated ;wounding C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding【答案】：A【解析】：据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table，说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选A。(北京2000, 单项填空)The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung【答案】：B 【解析】：根据题干判断，句中需要一个既作定语又表状态的非谓语动词，所以选B。5.（NMET97，单项填空）The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing【答案】：C 【解析】：此题考查分词作非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，动作已完成，所以选C。四. 课堂应用【基础】1. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.rose B. rising C. to riseD. RisenLook over there theres a very long, winding path _ up to the house.leadingB.leadsC.ledD. to leadRecently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared答案和解析1. B，smoke 和rise 为主动，进行，他看见烟正在从后面的房子冒出来。2. A，首先判断后面的是作为后置定语修饰前面的path，表达的是一种状态。3. B，首先可以排除A和D，因为不是被动关系，C是动词的单数，不可以作为后置定语修饰前面的名词。【巩固】1. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.（find）2. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.（express）3. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.（join）答案和解析：1. C，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，等于which is found, 用found 表示已经完成和被动。2. C， ability是抽象名词，有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effort ,right (权利)，movement等也是用动词不定式后置修饰前面的名词。3. C，joined 表示被动关系。【拔高】1. I have a lot of readings completed before the end of this term. 2. Im calling to enquire about the position having advertised in yesterdays China Daily.3. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighed less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 答案和解析：completed 改为to complete , 不定式做后置定语修饰，表示将来要做的。having advertised 改为advertised ，用过去分词表示被动，现在完成时一般不会做后置定语。Weighed 改为weighing，因为改为定语从句就可以知道是主动，不是被动。课堂小结这节课主要讲解了非谓语的五种形式做后置定语修饰名词，注意过去分词可以是被动或者是完成。Doing 是主动进行，being done 是被动的进行，to do是将来主动，to be done是将来的被动。课后作业【基础】1. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library.Repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired2. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practice the piano.To question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning3. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions_?Taking B. take C. taken D. to take答案和解析：D， 动词不定式表示将来C，过去分词表示被动完成，是学生被问。C，已经决定了的决定，而且决定是被人决定的，所以