mo完形讲解教师.doc

完形填空专项讲解完形考察趋势，命题特点1. 篇章短小, 意义完整内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨语篇理解能力2. 首句完整, 主题明确第一句话不设空，让读者迅速进入语境作者意图剖析能力3. 考查语境, 侧重辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析词语辨析能力4. 实词为主, 虚词为辅考察重点多为实词:名/代/动词/形容/副词等.5. 逻辑推理, 结构清晰关注语境背景知识,侧重文章上下关联,暗示逻辑推理能力判断能力，生活常识综合运用能力6. 常识语法, 每年出现。固定搭配，句子结构的分析，非谓语动词等！语法结构分析能力考察方式选材特点: 以记叙文为主, 多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主命题特点: (1) 设空特点: 名词 动词(5-8个)为主 (2) 考点层次分三部: 里边层次：(语篇层次30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路句子层次：(占70%左右)单词层次：(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做,分数较少) (3)考查特点: 短文第一句不设问. 存在缺失：1、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间 2、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。 3、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。完形填空的题型特色1、填空类型分析完形填空题的词项有两大类：实词和虚词。实词指：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词和数词； 虚词指：介词及介词短语、连词和冠词。还有一种划分是把完形填空题分为语义和动能两大类，如果该题型要求考生填入实词，这种填空题为语义类；如果该题型要 求考生填入虚词，这种填空题为功能类。2、短文长度分析从短文的长度来看，近10年高考中，每篇短文平均为221个单词。3、间隔设计分析完形填空题的难易取决于两个因素：1）所取的短文本身所含的生词量、语法、句子结构、句子长短、文化背景等； 2）空格之间的长度，空格与空格之间的长度越长，填空难度就越小，长度越小难度就越大。4、成分与结构分析 从完形填空所填入的句子成分来看，以谓语、定语、宾语、状语居多，还有表语、及其他成分，以及非谓语动词、习惯搭配、固定词组、介词短语和各种句型等。从结构上分析，完形填空所提供的四个选项，如果单从本句的结构来看，四个选项都可以填入空 格，但从意义上看只有一个答案。如1993年上海市高考英语试题的完形填空题的第61题：This _61_ that you can watch the movement of his eyes as he reads the page. _62_ you do this, you will see that your friends eyes do not make a continuous forward sweep. _63_ they progress by little “jumps”, moving, then stopping, as they progress along the line. 61. (A) shows (B) means (C) expresses (D) proves本题所提供的四个选项都是动词，都能接宾语从句，后面跟的正是宾语从句，从结构上看四个答案都能填入空格，然而从四个词的意义来看，应该用 means(意味着)，因为只有means才符合题意。 有的单从这一句的语法、语言知识来看，四个选项填入都能成立，但从整个语篇考虑，答案只有一个。：Worse still, Dad _27_ a step and fell, sending my new suitcases _28_ down the stairs. “Damn!” he screamed, his face turning red. I knew _29_ was ahead. Whenever Dads face turns red_30_! 29. (A) suffering (B) difficulty (C) trouble (D) danger 根据本句的结构分析，这个空格是主语的位置，四个选项都可以做主语，四个选项都能填进去；从意义上看，如果不考虑上下文，四个选项都对；但如果你看了下文你就可以知道应该选C, trouble做答案。从语篇考虑，从全局考虑，瞻前顾后，浏览全文，整体感知，前后连贯，固定词组，习惯搭配，结构意义等，是完形填空题的最大特色。四大步骤：抓首抓住首句,预测全文。完形填空所选短文多没有标题,但一般首句是一个不设空(或较简单)的完整的句子,往往用以点明短文的体裁,如议论、说明或叙述等。因此,我们在解题时一定要注意以首句的时态、语态及表述方式为立足点来进行逻辑思维,判断文章体裁,找出文章中心。捕眼捕捉题眼,寻找契机所谓“题眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词以及能够帮助我们解决问题问题的特定的语境。捕捉题眼,就是要迅速找到语篇中的特殊的内在联系那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词及动词、形容词、副词、同位语等,还有那些明确具体的事实(如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序),以及它们之间的关系等。Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.Although the cat doesnt 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember解题思路：题眼法代入法跳身避难就易,节省时间在解题过程中,我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则,遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题速度,我们可以暂时跳过难点,去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或明确的表示,或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。一般说来,固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型及明显的语法结构等易于判断。扫尾复读全文,解决残敌到了这时,借助已经补全的空白,我们应该对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题,如采用排除法逐步缩小包围圈等方法。对于实在无从下手的个别题目,我们则完全可以凭语感来确定：把几个选项逐一放在空格内念两遍,哪个念起来顺口、舒服就选哪个。注意：凭语感选定的答案不要轻易改动,因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的。在各空都已填出后,再复读全文。我们必须重视这最后的弥补疏漏,改正错误的扫尾机会,以争取最好成绩。九大法：1、 利用首句解题，根据文章选择I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be 37but a failure. ”A.someoneB.some people C. anythingD. something二、根据语境 合理推断解题Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticize us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37.A. strictB. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker三、利用语篇标志解题（三找）常见的标志性的词语有以下几种：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：besides, whats more, further;转折关系：but, while, however, on the other hand表示改变话题的语篇标志语有： by the way等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有： before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等。 She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 41 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important1、找逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）2、找NOT题（在原文中找not）句式结构：前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定，则选对立关系的词。考点：（以下条件缺一不可）考查的是一个肯定句和否定句之间的逻辑关系，空前后必须是独立的句子；出题位置在两个句子之间或第二个句子的开头，不能处在一个句子的末尾或中间；选项中必须要有对立关系的词。3、找AND题（在原文中找and）考点：and前后选同义词，词性一致；and前后选同一范围词；and前后句子对应成分相同；在文章中，并列关系词前后如果出题，利用已知关系解题。3、 找同现复现原则是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词，文中前后两处会使用一组同义词或同义词组。由于在完形填空题中，这两个同义词的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到。无须过多推理，只须确定相同的是哪个意思，然后找出选项中与之相符的一项即可。Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.Although the cat doesnt 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember解题思路：题眼法代入法捕捉题眼，寻找契机：所谓“题眼”就是解题线索，就是那些原句中出现的、对解题起重要暗示作用的关键词。找准关键词语,有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语，如果能迅速找准这些词语，再结合各选项的意义和特点，就能很快选出正确答案。17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide解题思路：没有同义复现或固定搭配，考虑概括的是解。并列结构法: 根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如:and/also/or或逗号“，”等，它们的提点是and前后的成分结构相似，意义相关，再做出准确判断。 18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run. 18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently解题思路：前后呼应法代入法前后呼应法：做完形填空要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”判断做题，即大语境全文中心和基调；小语境空格前后所构成的语意环境；再根据前有伏笔，后有呼应的思路做题。 表示结构层次的 表示逻辑关系的 表示改变话题的 表示递进关系的 表示时间关系的19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill解题思路：摆脱思维定势，排除“陷阱” chemical， 后提示句Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense.都是physical。20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet解题思路：与前面句子It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 同义复现。Liumei is among the _22_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答应给）Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 22. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _2_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 2. A. true B. right C. same D. Similar四、根据逻辑推理解题and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_quite pleasant taste.A. besides B. but C. and D. or 五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 六、从语法角度来解题I went into a caf and asked for a coffee . 21I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhileHave you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut?23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题 1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all八、从词语辨析的角度来解题When, two weeks later, I 38 this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9(enjoy) this country as the son of a minister.A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to 九、同义近义复现来解题I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous. One can _7_ from various sorts of friends in three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks. Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy, making a _8_ of friends keep you lively. Secondly, I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to success in life. 7. A. obtain B. benefit C. suffer D. earn8. A. range B. series C. quantity D. variety1 abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈从于（某种感情或冲动）2 have a (the )ability to do sth. ( have the ability in doing sth.)有能力做某事3 to the best of ones ability 尽力4 be about to do when 正准备做某事突然。5 above all 首先，最重要； in all 总计 after all 毕竟; 终究6 at home and abroad 在国内外 go abroad 出国7 in sb.s absence 不在时 in the absence of （人）不在时 be absent from 缺席8 be absorbed in 全神贯注于9 access to 接近；进入10 by accident 偶然 by chance by mistake 由于错误11 be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽误12 be accompanied by 附有；伴随13 according to (后面不接view,opinion); in my opinion14 collect accounts收账； open an account 开账户； keep accounts 记账 ; account for说明; give a full account of 做一个完整的说明; on account of=because of 因为 15 accuse sb. of 控告某人； charge sb. with sth. 起诉某人； Blame sb. for sth. 责备某人16 be accustomed to sth.( to doing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing sth.)习惯于干某事17 have some acquaintance with 熟悉；熟知18 come (run) across （偶然）碰到 ; get sth. across 使人理解；领会19 act as充当，担任 act out 表演（对话、故事）； act on(upon) 对。起作用20 catch sb. in the act of doing sth. 抓住某人干某事； take action 采取行动 21 be active in 在。积极 take an active part in 积极参加lead an active life过着积极的生活22 adapt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt sth. to 使某物适应 adapt from 根据。改写（改编）23 add in 包括； 加进去 add to 增加；加强 add to 把。加到。上 add up to 合加起来24 be addicted to sth.( doing sth. ) 嗜好。的；上了。瘾的25 in addtion/ in addtion to 此外26 deliver an address to 向。发表演讲 giving a closing address 致闭幕词 an address of welcome 欢迎词27 admit to sth.( doing sth.) 承认 28 in advance=beforehand 提前29 be of great (no ) advantage to 对。大大有利（毫无裨益） gain(have) an advantage over优于；胜过； take advantage of sb. 利用某人；欺骗某人30 put an advertisement 登广告 31 ask for sb.s advice 征求某人的建议 give sb. advice on how to do sth. 就如何 何干某事提出忠告32 advise sb. on sth. 就某事对某人提出忠告；advise sb. against( doing) sth.劝某人不干某事33 be afraid of 害怕；担心 be afraid to do 不敢做某事34 be after 寻求；追求 35 be against ones proposal 反对（意见 go against nature违背自然stand against the wall 靠墙而立36 at the age of 在。岁时； be under age 未成年37 agree with sb.( what 从句 ); agree with the climate/饮食 对气候等的适应 agree to +advice/suggestion/ idea/proposal agree on (upon) 。就。达成一致意见38 ahead of ( time) 在。前面 go ahead 继续；前进39 aid sb. in sth./aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 in aid of 支持 ；give sb. first aid对某人实施急救 40 aim at 瞄准 41 on the air（用无线电、电视）播送 in the air 在空中； by air 乘飞机； put on (give oneself) airs 摆架子42 all along 一直；始终 all over the country(world)遍及全国（世界） all alone 单独；独自地 all but 几乎；差一点43 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事44 let alone 更不用说 There is not enough room for us,let alone six dogs.45 get along (on) with 在。方面有进展 take along with 随身携带46 not onlybut also 47 make an analysis of 分析 48 in the ancient time 在古代49 and so on/and so forth 等等50 be angry about sth.对某事生气 be angry at sth.因某事生气 be be angry with sb.生某人的气51 annoy sb. with sth./annoy sb. by doing sth. 因。使某人生气；52 one after another 相继53 answer for 对。负责 answer sb.s call 回电话 make no answer 不作回答54 be anxious about ( for) 为。担心 be anxious to do 渴望（急于）做某事55 apologize to sb. for sth./ make an apology to sb. for sth 因某事向某人道歉56 in appearance 外貌上 make ones appearance 登台 by/from all appearances 显然57 applyto 将。应用于 apply for 申请 apply to 适应于 apply oneself to 专心致志于 ； apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物58 appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某职; appoint a time for the meeting 约定开会时间59 approach to 接近 make an approach to 对。进行探讨 60 approve of 赞同61 argue with/against sb. about/on sth. 与某人辩论某事；argue sb. into doing 说服某人做某事62 arm in arm 肩并肩 hand in hand 手拉手 ; shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 take sth. in ones arms抱 be armed to the teeth 全副武装63 arrange for 安排；准备 arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事make an arrangement( arrangements) for 做好准备；安排64 as a whole 作为总体 on the whole 总体上 65 asas one can 尽力；尽可能66 as to/with regard to 至于；说到 67 be ashamed at sth. 为某事感到羞愧be ashamed for 为某人感到羞愧 68 ask for sth. 请求 ask sb. for sth. 向某人索取某物 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事69 every aspect of=all the aspects of 各个方面70 assist sb. with sth./assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事71 associate.with 把。和。联系起来 ; in association with 与。联手72 be astonished( surprised) at (the news) 对。感到惊奇 73 at the latest 最迟74 e attached to 附属于。；依恋； attach sth. to 把。贴上 把。系在。上75 attempt/try to do sth.(make an attempt to do sth.) 企图做。；attempt at sth. 试图获得76 attend on/to sb. 照看/护理某人； attend to 关心；照料77 attract/capture/catch/draw/get ones attention 吸引某人注意hold ones attention on 将注意力集中于 devote ones attention to 专心于turn ones attention to 将注意力转向 pay attention to 注意78 ones attitude towards 某人的态度对。79 on (the ) average按平均； above( below) average 平均以上（下）80 be aware of 意识到，觉察 81 back and forth 来回地（屋内） 82 at the back of sb./at sb.s back 支持某人；at the back of 在。后lie on ones back 朝天躺着 83 go from bad to worse 每况愈下 84 go bad(wrong/hungry) 变腐 85 keep(lose) balance 保持（失去）平衡 ;be in the balance 悬而未决 86 ban( prohibit) sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事be under a ban被禁止 87 base sth. on/upon sth. 以。为基础； be based on 基于onbasis=on the basis of 以。为根据； 在。基础上88 battle against 向。开战； battle with 与。搏斗； battle for为。而战89 because of + 名词（代词、 what 从句）90 make the bed 整理床铺；in bed/on the bed 在床上91 beg sb. to do sth.恳求某人干某事； beg for sth. 请求得到 beg sth. of sb.恳求某人某事92 begin with 从。开始 93 on behalf of 代表 ; on sb.s behalf 以某人的名义94 believe in 信赖 95 belong to (无被动语态) 属于96 beyond recognition认不出来 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond description 无法用言语表达 beyond sb. 对某人来说难以理解97 by birth 在血统上 at birth 诞生；出生 give birth to 生（产）98 bit by bit 一点点地 do ones bit 尽一点（份） quite a bit 相当多 比较： not a bit 一点也不 not a little 很，非常99 be black and blue 遍体鳞伤 100 bear the blame 受过lay/ put the blame on/upon sb. for sth. 把责任推到某人身上There is a workman in America who earns as much as a company director. He is Max Quarterman, a thirty-year-old plasterer (泥瓦匠). Max lives in an upper middle-class housing estate. His 1 are mostly bank managers, business executives, airline pilots and the 2 , but Maxs seven-bedroom house 3 $ 80,000 is the largest in the area. 4 outside the house are Maxs $ 7000 sports car and his wifes Morris Mini. 5 is a 150 colour TV set and the familys 6 a circular bath with gold-plated taps. There are also many laboursaving 7 and luxury (豪华) furniture. How can a plasterer 8 all this? The answer, says Max, is hard work. In partnership with another plasterer, Max 9 contract plastering jobs for a firm. The owner of the firm 10 them as human machines, the best and quickest in the 11 , who can do as much in two days as 12 two-man team can in two weeks.How do they 13 it? Not by working overtime. They work a normal eight-hour day, five days a week. The secret 14 in Maxs hod (桶) in which he carries the plaster to the site of the job. Maxs is a superhod it contains double the usual 15 of plaster, and Max, a strong fellow, runs when he carries it. More time is thus 16 to get on with the plastering. Besides, 17 man wastes time smoking, and they 18 their lunch break to a 19 of an hour a day. Now Max earns over $ 800 a week which is four times the average weekly pay in Britaintoday, and if he gets as 20 as $ 15, its a disaster.1. A. friends B. neighbours C. relatives D. colleagues2. A like B. kind C. class D. same3. A worthy B. spending C. costing D. worth4. A Stopped B. Stopping C. Parked D. Parking5 A Indoors B. Outdoors C. Nearby D. Inside6 A property B. honour C. facility D. pride7 A objects B. devices C. articles D. materials8 A. buy B. use C. afford D. provide9 A. makes B. does C. takes D. gets10 A. tells B. says C. compares D. describes11. A. trade B. job C. area D. walk12. A. no B. few C. any D. all13. A. manage B. get C. do D. finish14. A. is B. lies C. hides D. falls