人教版八年级上册英语第八单元重点知识总结.docx

Unit 81.WordsMilk shake blender spoon oven plate pot yogurt honey watermelon salt sugar sandwich cheese turkey butter pepper peel pour add mix fill cover finally corn machine dig piece tradition autumn traveler England celebrate serve temperature重点讲解：1)shake vt. 动摇；摇动；震动vi. 动摇；摇动；发抖n. 奶昔 milk shakeEg:握手：They shook and greeted with each other.他们握了握手，互致问候。(说话)结结巴巴，吞吞吐吐，(声音)颤抖：Her voice shook with emotion.她的声音因激动而颤抖。使震惊，令感到震撼：The experience shook him badly.这次经历令他大为震惊。短语shake off 摆脱；抖落shake hands with 与握手milk shake 奶昔（牛奶和冰淇淋等的混合饮料）2)Pour n. 倾泻；流出；骤雨vt. 灌，注；倒；倾泻；倾吐vi. 倾泻；斟茶Eg:使流，灌；倒；注；Mother poured sugar out of a bag into a pot.母亲把糖从袋中倒入罐内。喷散(液体、粉、粒、光线等)；流(血等)；倾注；源源不断地输送：The Yangtze River pours itself into the sea.长江流入大海。不断流出；泻；流：Sweat poured down from her face.汗珠不断地从她的脸上流下。下倾盆大雨：Wear your boots and take an umbrella; its pouring out.穿上你的靴子，再带把雨伞，外面正下着大雨呢!短语pour out v. 倾吐；诉说pour into 川流不息地涌入pouring rain 瓢泼大雨；倾盆大雨pour in 大量地涌入，倾倒；蜂拥而来3)Add vi. 加；增加；加起来；做加法vt. 增加，添加；补充说；计算总和Eg:加上，增加，添加；附加；掺加 (to)：She added sugar to her tea.她在茶里加了糖。附带说明，进一步(或进而，接着，补充)说(或写)，附言，再言：He added philosophically.他富于哲理地补充说。把加起来，合算；合计，加，计算的总和，总共，共得(常与 up 连用)：If you add 5 to 5, you get 10 .5加5得10。把包括在内，加进，插入(常与 in 连用)：Dont forget to add in the tip.别忘了把小费也算上。扩大；扩建；增加 (to)：The palace had been added to from time to time.这座宫殿曾一再扩建。短语add up v. 合计add in 添加；把包括在内add on 插入；另外加上去4)Dig vt. 挖，掘；探究vi. 挖掘Eg:(如用铲或其他工具或用手、爪、动物的口、鼻部等)掘，挖掘；掘地；采掘；发掘：I dug with a spade.我用铁铲挖掘。They were digging in the tunnel the whole day.他们整天在隧道里挖掘。If those moles carry on digging,there will soon be no grass left.如果那些鼹鼠继续掘地，很快将没有草留下。(伸手至深处)挖掘似的掏，摸索：He dug for coins in his pocket.他伸手到衣袋里摸硬币。He dug into the bag and pulled out a loaf of bread.他把手伸进包里掏出一块面包。掘进，挖进，挖入，开凿(隧道等)；掘进似的费劲前进(through，into，under)：They dug through the mountain to build a tunnel.他们掘穿大山筑一条隧道。短语dig out 掘出；发现dig deep 挖深 , 美国英语掏出来；交出来(指财物) , 美国俚语付出很高的价钱 dig up 挖出；掘起；开垦；发现dig in 掘土以掺进；掘土把埋起来；口开始认真工作；军掘壕固守dig into v. 钻研；掘进去5)Piece n. 块；件；篇；硬币vt. 修补；接合；凑合Eg:She ripped a piece of cloth in two. 她把一块布撕成两块。Two suits can be cut out of this piece of material. 这块料子可以裁两套衣服。短语a piece of 一片，一块one piece adj. 整体的，单片的 , n. 上下身相连的衣服a piece of paper 一张纸6)Celebrate vt. 庆祝；举行；赞美；祝贺；宣告vi. 庆祝；过节Eg:公开举行(宗教仪式等)；主持(弥撒等)：The priest celebrated High Mass in church.神父在教堂中举行大弥撒。庆祝(或纪念)，欢庆：The Chinese people celebrated the golden jubilee of the founding of their Peoples Republic on October 1st,1999.中国人民在1999年10月1日欢庆人民共和国建立50周年。We had a tea party to celebrate our headmasters silver wedding.我们为庆祝校长的银婚举行了一次茶会。歌颂，赞美：His heroic deeds were celebrated in all the newspapers.他的英雄事迹受到所有报纸的赞扬。celebrate with 庆祝 celebration n 庆祝7)Mix vt. 混淆；使混和；使结交vi. 相混合；交往n. 混合；混合物；混乱Eg:使混合；掺和，拌和：Im mixing a cake.我在拌和配料做蛋糕。The painter was busy mixing his colours.画家在忙着调颜色。和入,掺进(in,into):to mix water into the flour面粉里和入水拌成；调制(酒类等)；配制：His wife mixed him a hot drink.他妻子为他调制了一杯热饮。把结合起来，使同时进行：Many women successfully mix marriage and career.许多女人能成功地将婚姻和事业结合起来。短语mix with 和混合mix in 混合；相处8)Fill vt. 装满，使充满；满足；堵塞；任职vi. 被充满，膨胀Eg:填满，盛满，塞满，注满，充满：to fill the tub for a bath把浴盆注满水洗澡to fill ones life with joy使生活充满欢乐(几乎)全部占据，占满，挤满，坐满，住满：The crowd filled the room.人群挤满了房间。使遍及；弥漫；渗透：Smoke filled the room.烟雾弥漫着整个房间。短语fill in 填写；填充；替代fill out 填写；变丰满，变大fill up 填补；装满；堵塞fill with 装满，充满fill in the blanks 填空9)Cover vt. 包括；采访，报导；涉及n. 封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物;幌子，借口vi. 覆盖；代替Eg:盖，覆盖，遮盖：She covered her face with her hands.她用双手蒙住她的脸。穿(衣)，戴(帽)，盖上(被子等)：She covered the baby up with a blanket.她用毯子把婴儿盖好。使(自己)蒙受(耻辱等)；给(自己)带来(荣誉等)；得到，获得：He covered himself with honors at college.他在学院里获得多种荣誉。短语under cover 隐藏着；秘密地cover up 掩盖，盖住cover for 代替cover with 覆盖10)Serve vt. 招待，供应；为服务；对有用；可作用vi. 服役，服务；适合，足够；发球；招待，侍候Eg:帮佣，作仆人：to serve in the dukes house在公爵家当仆人供职，服务；工作：to serve under somebody在某人手下供职服役；当兵：to serve in the Army在陆军服役侍候进餐；上菜；上饮料：to serve at table No. two侍候二号桌的客人用餐作的仆人；给干活：to serve the landlord为地主干活为服务；为尽职责：to serve the Empire为帝国尽职侍奉(上帝、君王等)：to serve the king侍奉国王在处服兵役；为执勤：to serve a year in the Air Force在空军服役一年短语serve as 担任，充当；起的作用serve for 充当；被用作；起的作用serve the people 为人民服务serve under someone 在某人部下服役，在某人麾下 2.Phrases1)turn on v. 打开；发动；取决于；使兴奋；攻击Eg:拧开，旋开，打开(水源、煤气、电源等)；打开(水龙头等)；拧开(电器)：He turned on the light after he went inside.他走进去以后把灯打开了。Please turn on the radio.请把收音机打开。突然(或无意识地)表现出；突然装出：The girl turned on the charm.女孩一下子露出迷人的样子。She turned on a bright smile to fool her friends.她露出爽朗的笑容来哄骗她的朋友。 turn down 关闭2)Cut up vt. 切碎Eg:She cut up the carrots and put them in the pot.她把胡萝卜切碎放入锅中。cut down1.削减He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.他试图少抽烟,但没成功.2.缩短Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.把文章缩短一些,这样就能排进报纸有限的版面中.3.砍倒cut up1.切开;切碎Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内.2.抨击The article was severely cut up by some critics.那篇文章曾受到一些评论家严厉的抨击.cut off1.切除He had a finger cut off by a machine while working.他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指.2.切断;中断I was cut off on my line to London.我打伦敦长途时,电话线被切断了.3.使死亡He was cut off in his prime.他在壮年时过世.3)Put .in 提出，提交；放入；种植；使就职Eg:开进(港口、码头等)；(船、全体船员等)靠岸(或入港)；进入(旅店等小憩)：The boat put in at Shanghai for repairs.那艘船进了上海港进行检修。作短时间停留，停留一下：Shall we put in at the bar for a drink?我们在那家酒吧停下来喝一杯好吗?插(话等)；替人说(好话)：Could I put in a word at this point?我现在说几句行吗?插入；加入；使进入；加进；把放进；伸进：You need to put in a comma here. Otherwise it is not clear in meaning.你需在此加一个逗号，否则意思不清楚。安装，安置：We put new central heating in when we moved here.我们搬到这儿的时候安装了集中供暖设备。put into一般表示动作,而put in一般表示状态He quickly put the money into his pocket.(他快速把钱放到口袋,是动作）He put the money in his pocket.（他把钱放在口袋,是状态）4)Fill .with 装满，充满Eg:(使)装满；(使)盛满；(使)充满：He filled the bottle with wine.他用酒装满了那只瓶子。使(某人)充满(某种情感等)：His heart is filled with hope.他满怀希望。full ;fillfull是形容词；fill是动词.full,fill二者均与“满”有关.full是形容词,意思是“满的”,与of组成be full of短语.fill做动词,意思是“装满”,与with组成be filled with,表示“用把装满”.3.Grammar1)可数名词和不可数名词 英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下： 一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：mapmaps；oniononions；bakerbakers 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some water；a lot of bread 二、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)；而不可数名词不能用a(an)。Eg: Li Hong is a driver.I am a teacher. 李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。 We cant see milk on the table. 我们看不见桌上有牛奶。 在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the，Pass me the ball，please. 请把球传给我。 The chicken on the plate is yours. 盘子里的鸡肉是你的。 三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。如：many apples；a lot of tomatoes；a few pens 不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。 much meat ;a little bread ;little water 这两类名词都可以被some、any、a lot of(lost of)等修饰。如：some eggs/paper(纸)。 A lot of (lots of) knives/orange juice 四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如：three women ten babies 不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”。 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread 五片面包 五、可数名词作主语时，