人教新课标版高中英语必修1单词及语言点总结.doc

Unit 1 FriendshipWord usage1. add (to) v. 1) to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, or importance; 2) to join (numbers or amounts ) so as to find the total.eg: The fire is going out; will you add some wood? The snowstorm added to our difficulties. Add up these figures for me, please.2. ignore v. to take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to eg: His letters were ignored.Even the best of men ignored that simple rule.My advice was completely ignored.3. concern v. 使担心;使不安 (+about/for); 涉及,关系到;影响到eg: The boys poor health concerned his parents.He is concerned for her safety.The news concerns your brother.He was very concerned about her.4. loose adj. not firmly or tightly fixed.She wore loose garments in the summer.I have got a loose tooth.Some loose pages fell out of the book.5. purpose n. C an intention or plan; a persons reason for an action.What is the purpose of his visit?The purpose of a trap is to catch and hold animals. Did you come to London to see your family, or for business purpose?6. series n. (of) a group of things of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after another or in order.Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks. They carried out a series of experiments to test the new drug.7. cheat. 1) v. to behave in a dishonest way in order to win an advantage;2) n. a person who cheats; dishonest personsThey cheated the old woman of her house and money.The salesman cheated me into buying a fake.He never cheated in exams. I see you drop that card, you cheat! I never thought that Sam is a cheat.8. share 1) vt.&vi. (inwith amountbetween) to have, use or take part in something with others or among a group. 2) n. (inof) the part belongs to, owed to or done by a particular person.The money was shared out between them.Sam and I share a room.We shared in his joy.They always share their happiness and sorrow. I have done my share of the work.9. crazy adj. 1) mad ; foolish 2) +about wildly excited; very interestedYoure crazy to go out in this stormy weather.Johns crazy about that girl. She is just crazy about dancing.10. dare v.& v.aux. 1) + to do; 2) + v to be brave enough or rude enough (to do sth. dangerous, difficult or unpleasant). How dare you accuse me of lying! How dare you ask me such a question?My younger sister dare not go out alone.He did not dare to leave his car there.11. trust 1) n. U (in) form believe in the honesty, goodness or worth etc, of someone or something 2) v. to believe in the honesty and worth of someone or something; have confidence in I have no trust in him.I dont place any trust in the governments promises.Why do you trust a guy like him?I trust your wife will soon get well.12. suffer v. (for) to experience pain, difficulty or lossI cannot suffer such rudeness.He suffered from poverty all his life.My father suffers from high blood pressure.They suffered a great deal in those days.13. advice n. U opinion given to someone about what they should do in a particular situation v. advise to give advice toI want your advice, sir. I dont know what to do.I asked the doctor for her advice.I f you take my advice, you wont tell anyone about this.He gave them some good sound advice.14. communicate v. 1) (to) to make (opinions, feelings, information etc. ) known or understood by others. e.g. by speech, writing or body movements; 2) (with) to share or exchange opinions, feelings, information etc. Our teacher communicates his idea very clearly.He had no way to communicate with his brother.Did she communicate my wishes to you?We learn a language in order to communicate.Deaf people use sign language to communicate.15. calm 1) adj. free from excitement, nervous activity or strong feelings; quiet 2) n. U peace and quiet 3) v. to make calmYou must try to be calm.The high wind passed and the sea was calm again. The police chief advised his men to stay keep calm and not lose their tempers.There was a calm on the sea. She calmed the baby by giving him some milk.We calmed the old lady down.Useful expressions:1. add upto join (numbers or amounts ) so as to find the total.Add up 3, 4 and 5 and youll get 12. Add up your score and see how many points you can get. If we add these marks up, well get a total of 90.2. calm down to make or become calmCalm down, sir. Whats the trouble?Just calm down, theres nothing to worry about! We tried to calm him down, but he keep shouting.3. be concerned about withto worry or interestMy parents are concerned about my studies.Dont concern yourself about with other peoples affairs.Shes concerned about his sons future.4. go through1) to suffer or experience; 2) to look at or examine carefully; 3) to pass through or be accepted The country has gone through too many wars.The new law did not go through.Lets go through it again, this time with the music.5. set down 1) to make a written record of; write down 2) put downI have set down everything that happened. I will set down the story as it was told to me. Please set me down at the next corner.6. a series of + pl. & n 做主语时，谓语动词用单数一连串的，一系列的，连续的There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing. These days I have read a series of articles on reading. A series of TV play is on Channel 1 these days.7. on purposeintentionally; with a particular stated intentionHe did it on purpose. “I am sorry I stepped on your toe; it was an accident.” “It wasnt! You do it on purpose.” I came here on purpose to see you.8. according to as stated by sb. or sth. They divided themselves into three groups according to age. Please arrange the books according to size. According to the Bible, Adam was the first man. According to her, grandfather called at noon.9. fall in love begin to be in love (with sb.) They fell in love at once; it was love at first sight.What will he do if his daughter falls in love with a poor man?They fell in love with each other for years.10. join in to take part in (an activity)They are going to join in the singing. She started dancing and we all joined in.Would you like to join in my birthday party?Unit 2 English around the wordWord usage1. include v.a) contain eg. The price includes both house and furniture.b) embrace thing as part of whole eg. I include him among my friends.2. presenta) adj: being at hand; being now出席的, 在场的;现在的, 当前的 该词可做前置定语也可做后置定语，当它做前置定语其义为“现在的”， 做后置定语其义为“出席的”eg. The present members 现在的成员 The members present 在场的成员b) n: gifteg. He often gave his neighbors kids little presents.C)vt: to offer赠送,呈献(+to/with)eg. They presented him with a bunch of flowers.3. culturen: CU understanding of literature, art, music, etc eg. He has studied the cultures of many western countries.4identity n: who or what a person or thing iseg. You should show your identity card before you enter it. 5rulea) n:custom or statement about what must not be done eg. Hes made it a rule to rise early.Its against the rules of the school to smoke.b) vt: to govern or controlc) eg. The queen ruled her country for 20 years.6 Request a) vt: to ask for b) eg. They requested financial support.注意：这个词所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气I requested that he (should) come an hour earlier.B )n: asking or being askedeg. Mr. Paine made a request that I should help manda) vt: give orders toeg. I command you to start at once.注意：这个词所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气I command that you (should) start at once.b) n: order eg. The army received the command to fire.8Actually adveg. She looks young, but shes actually 50.Did you actually see him break the window?9International adj: of relating to or involving two or more countries in the world 国际的eg. They are dealing with the international affairs. Many African countries received international help.10.modern adj: recenteg. This is a book of modern history. There is a modern hospital.11. vocabulary n: all the words of languageeg. Wide reading will increase your vocabulary. My English vocabulary is limited.12.rapidly adv: quicklyeg. Our country develops rapidly. The number of learning English is increasing rapidly.13.retell v: tell something once moreeg. Can you retell the story in your own word? The teacher asked you to retell it. 14.recognize v: to identify from previous experienceeg. He looked at the envelope and recognized Jennys handwriting immediately. The policeman recognized her as a thief.15. government n: group which govern a country or a certain areaeg. The government will decide the matter.The government is discussing the problem.Useful expressions1.play a part/ role in: to act or to be involved in an activity eg. He has played an important part in carrying out the whole plan. English plays an important role in international communication.2. because of：by reason of sb or sth eg. Because of the storm he didnt go there.because of 与because 的区别，前者后接名词或代词，后者接句子eg. He didnt go to school because he was ill. He didnt go to school because of his illness.3come up eg. She came up and said, Glad to meet you. The moon came up gradually.Ill let him know if anything comes up.4. such as: like; for example eg. I like drinks such as tea and coffee.such as 与for example 的区别，前者用来罗列事物或人后者用来举例说明eg. English is also spoken in many places, such as Africa and Asia. For example, Tom has the same opinion.Unit 3 Travel JournalWord usage1. fare n. 费用1) How much is the air fare to Beijing?2) a single/one-way fare 单程票价2. transport n.& vt. 运输;运送transport fromto 从运输到1) The transport of vegetables from the farm to the market takes only half an hour.2) The yellow bus transport passengers from the airport to the city.3. persuade vt. 说服, 劝服persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 说服某人做 persuade sb. not to do = persuade sb. out of sth./doing 说服某人别做,劝阻某人做 persuade sb. of sth. = persuade sb. + that使某人相信1) The salesman persuaded us to buy/into buying his product.2) The hunter persuaded us not to walk/ out of walking through the thick forest alone.3) He tried to persuade me of his honesty. = He tried to persuade me that he was honest.4. insist vt. 坚持,坚决主张insist on/ upon doing 坚决做,坚持做insist on ones doing 坚持要某人做insist that 坚持认为;坚持说1) She insisted on / upon (our) going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.2) We insisted that father (should) give up smoking for the good of his own health.5. proper adj.恰当的,正确的 properly adv. = in a proper way be proper for 对 恰当合适 It is proper for sb. to do = It is proper that某人做某事是妥当的 behave properly 举止有礼 properly speaking严格地说1) Is it proper for you to wear a cap while eating?= Is it proper that you should wear a cap while eating?2) It is not proper to be late for a dinner party.6. determine v. 决定,决心,确定 determine to do 决定做 determine sb. to do 使某人下决心做 be determined to do 决心做1) He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.2) She determined that she would never see him again.3) She was determined to go to university.7. change ones mind 改变主意1) Once he has made up his mind, nothing can be done to change his mind.2) make up ones mind 某人下定决心8. at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔米处1) The plane is flying at a height/ altitude of 10000 feet.9. give in give in to sb. 向某人让步, 屈服于某人1) The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.2) He had to give in to my views.Unit 4 EarthquakesWord usage1. shake 1)v. (shook, shaken) to (cause to) move up and down or from side to side with quick short movements. 2) n. C usually sing. an act of shakingThe house shook when the earthquake started.Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.He came forward and shook me by the hand. =He came forward and shook hands with me.He was shaking with anger.She answered “no” with a shake of the head.2. rise 1) vi. (rose, risen) to move from a lower to a higher level or position; go up 2) n. C (in) an increase in quantity, price, demand etc.The sun has not yet risen.The population of the city has risen to five million.He rose and left the room.There will be a rise in unemployment next year. Theres been a sharp rise in the cost of living.2. pond n. an area of still water smaller than a lake, especially one that has been artificially made Some cattle were drinking at the pond.There are some fish living in the pond.When an earthquake is coming, fish will jump out of ponds.3. burst 1) v. to (cause to ) break open or break apart suddenly and violently, usually as a result of pressure from within and often cause the contents to become widely scattered.2) n. an act of result of bursting; (of) a sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreakThe balloon burst.After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.4. canal n. an artificial stretch of water dug in the ground to allow ships or boats to travel along it, or to bring water to or remove water from an areaCoal used to be sent here by canal.Canals have been built to irrigate the desert.The Panama Canal joins two oceans.5. steam n. U 1) water in the state gas produced by boiling 2) power or effort produced by steam under pressure, and used for making things work or moveWho invented the steam engine? Steam was used to be the power of a train. There is steam bursting from that hole.6. ruin 1. n. a) U the cause or state of destruction and decay b) C a building that has been badly damaged or destroyed 2. vt. a) to spoil or completely destroy a person or thing b) to cause someone to loss all their moneyThe temple has fallen into ruin.We visited the ruins of the temple.The heavy rain ruined our holiday.The hurricane ruined all the houses here.The flood ruined the crops.If I lose my lawsuit(官司), the cost will ruin me.7. injure vt. to cause physical harm to (a person or animal), especially in an accident; hurt seriously; to damage I hope I didnt injure her feelings.His back was injured. Two people were killed and seven were injured. His reputation will be badly injured by the vicious rumour.8. destroy vt. to damage sth so severely that it can not be repaired; put an end to the existence of; ruin A fire destroyed the house.What he said destroyed our last hope.All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.9. brick n. C,U 1) a hard piece of baked clay used for building 2) sth. in the shape of a brick They used yellow bricks to build the house. The tower is made of bricks. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.10. useless adj. not of any useThis knife is so blunt. Its useless.I realized it was useless to reason with him.I was useless at maths. = My maths is very poor.11. shock 1) n. a) C, U a violent force from sth such as explosion, a crash or a hard blow b) C, U the feeling you get after sth unexpected and usually very unpleasant has suddenly happened, or you have received an unexpected piece of news c) the poor medical condition of someone who has an accident and whose heart and lungs are not working properly 2) v. to make someone feel very upset, angry, or unpleasant Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan.The news of his death was a shock to us.The traffic accident sent him into a state of shock.They were shocked by her rudeness. We were shocked by his sudden death.12. rescue v. to save someone or sth from harm or dangerHe rescued three children from the burning building.The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.The boy was rescued after hours at sea.13. disaster n. C,U a sudden event causes great loss or harm We were all shocked by the disaster. The earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters the country has ever suffered. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.14. organize v. to plan and arrange an event; to arrange things in a sensible order Well organize an oral English contest. The story is very well organized.They organized the truckers into a union.15. shelter 1) n. a) U protection, especially from bad weather or danger b) a building that protects you from weather or danger.2) vt. to protect someone or sth from bad weather or danger; vi. to stay in a place in order to be protected from bad weather or dangerThe umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. The wall sheltered us from the wind.She was accused of sheltering a murderer. She wad sheltered by the USA. In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops.16. fresh adj. 1) new and different (only before a noun ); 2) recently picked, caught, produced and therefore in good condition (used of food); 3) clean, cool and pleasant They buy fresh meat.This kind of fish lives in fresh water.She is fresh from university.She is quite fresh to office work.17. percent n.