初一英语词组总结.docx

初一英语词组总结1. 充满的 be full of2. 听 listen to3. 一瓶 a bottle of4. 从到 fromto5. 把这些新书发给同学们 give these new books to your classmates6. 把这些苹果放到篮子里 put these apples into the basket7. 把这些课桌带到教室去 take these desks to the classroom8. 把这些篮子放到那边 put these baskets over there9. 儿童节 Childrens Day10. 把收起来 putaway11. 出来 come out12. 谢天谢地 thank goodness13. 我的一只鞋 one of my shoes14. 走这边 come this way15. 下来 get down16. 坏了 be broken17. 看一看 have a look18. 一个漂亮的飞机 a nice plane19. 帮我找到它 help me find it20. 很，非常 a lot/ very much21. 一（玻璃）杯 a glass of22. 一片（一张，一块） a piece of23. 冰淇淋 ice cream24. 饥饿 be hungry25. 六点四十五分 a quarter to seven26. 一杯茶 a cup of tea27. 一袋牛奶 a bag of milk28. 一瓶果汁 a bottle of juice29. 一玻璃杯水 a glass of water30. 喝的东西 something to drink31. 其他的 other one32. 在方面好；善于 be good at33. 过来 come on34. 接住这个球 catch the ball35. 别着急 dont worry36. 像这样传球 pass the ball like this37. 骑自行车 ride a bike38. 试一试 want a go39. 打排球 play volleyball40. 像这样带着风筝跑 run with the kite like this41. 你最喜欢的运动 your favourite sports42. 整理床铺 make the bed43. 做作业 do ones homework44. 寻找 look for45. 和交谈 talk with46. 照相 take photos47. 画一张图片 draw a picture48. 吃些肉 have some meat49. 读书 read a book50. 修理自行车 mend the bike51. 打扫房间 clean the room52. 玩电脑游戏 play computer games53. 看电视 watch TV54. 打牌 play cards55. 帮助这个女人 help this woman56. 穿上你的衣服 put on your clothes57. 照看这个孩子 look after the child58. 包饺子 make dumplings59. 把门打开 open the door60. 把窗户关上 close the window61. 看黑板 look at the blackboard62. 浇花 water the flowers63. 在房子附近工作 work near the house64. 穿一条蓝裤子 wear a blue trousers65. 从借 borrowfrom66. 给予帮助 give a hand67. 课后 after class68. 休息 have a rest69. 在每天的这个时候 at this time of day70. 一本英汉字典 an English-Chinese dictionary71. 把还回来 giveback72. 向学习 learnfrom73. 互相 each other74. 在湖中央 in the middle of the lake75. 救了她的女儿 save her daughter76. 把面包扔给鱼 throw the bread to the fish77. 开会 have a meeting78. 姓 family name79. 来自；从来 come from （ be from）80. 尽快给我回信 write to me soon81. 交朋友 make friends82. 说一点英语 speak a little English83. 联合王国 UK84. 长城 the Great Wall85. 中学 high school86. 热狗 a hot dog87. 一点也不 notat all88. 一种；一类 a kind of89. 打电话 make a phone call90. 起居室 living room91. 餐厅 dining room92. 薯条 potato chips93. 做家务 do the housework94. 电子邮件 e-mail95. 打电话 make phone calls96. 洗衣服 wash the clothes97. 做饭 cook the meal98. 售货员；店员 shopping assistant99. 公共汽车站 bus station100. 邮局 post office101. 在白天 in the day102. 在晚上；在夜里 at night103. 在工厂 in a factory104. 在农场 on a farm105. 在办公室 in an office106. 轮到你了 its your turn107. 每周 every week108. 在周末 at weekend109. 在工作日 on weekday110. 赚钱 make money111. 睡觉 go to bed112. 到达 get to113. 脱衣服 take off114. 放学后 after school115. 去买东西 go shopping116. 进行体育运动 have sports117. 立刻；马上 right now118. 开始上课 begin to have classes119. 离开家 leave home120. 洗脸 wash ones face121. 一场篮球赛 a basketball match122. 走路；步行 on foot123. 乘飞机 by plane/ by air124. 乘船 by ship / by sea125. 花费（时间） take time126. 多久 how long127. 在河上 on the river128. 在桥上 over the bridge129. 在天上 in the sky130. 购物单 shopping list131. 多少；多少钱 how much132. 便宜的 be cheap133. 昂贵的 be expensive134. 一整天 all day135. 许多；很多 a lot of136. 一点面包 a little bread137. 跟我来 come with me138. 帮我抬东西 help me carry the things139. 一公斤鸡腿 a kilo of chicken legs140. 两公斤苹果 two kilos of apples141. 四瓶牛奶 our bottles of milk142. 八个土豆 eight potatoes143. 一些饮料 some drinks144. 叫作 be called145. 非常友好 very friendly146. 半斤 half a kilo147. 当然；自然的事 of course148. 等等 and so on149. 例如 for example150. 有一天；某一天 one day151. 对健康有好处 be good for health152. 回家度假 go home for holiday153. 蔬菜市场 vegetable market154. 卖菜 sell vegetables155. 不同的机器 different machines初中英语介词篇(一) 知识概要?介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。?介词 表示时间 表示地点方位 表示原因方式 其 他about 大约在时间?about five oclock 在周围，大约多远?about five kilometres 关于、涉及?talk about youabove 高出某一平面?above sea levelacross 横过 walk across the street对面 across the streetafter 在之后?after supper跟后面?one after another追赶run after youagainst 背靠逆风?against the wall, against the wind反对?be against youamong 三者以上的中间?among the treesat 在某时刻?at ten在小地点?at the school gate表示速度?at high speed向着，对着?at mebefore 在之前?before lunch位于之前?sit before mebehind 位于之后?behind the treebelow 低于水平?below zero不合格?below the standardby 到时刻，在时刻之前?by five oclock紧挨着?site by site乘坐交通工具?by air, by bick 被由?was made by usduring 在期间during the holidaysfor 延续多长时间?for five years向去?leave for Shanghai 为了，对于be good for youfrom 从某时到某时?from morning till night 来自何方?from New York由某原料制成be made from来自何处?where are you fromin 在年、月、周较长时间内?in a week 在里面?in the room用某种语言?in English 穿着in redinto 进入里面?walk into除 分?divide into变动?turn into waternear 接近某时?near five years 在附近?near the parkof 用某种原料制成?be made of属于性质?a map of U. S .Aon 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在上面?on the desk 靠吃为生live on rice 关于?a book on Physicsover 渡过一整段时间?work over night 在上方over the desk超过， 高于?over five pairspast 超过某一时刻?ten past five经过某地?walk past the parksince 从某时以来?since 1980原因?Since you were illthrough 经过某一时期?through his life 通过、穿过某地?through the foresttill?until 直到某时为止?till five oclockto 差多少时间?five to ten问，到，去往?to Shanghai面对面?face to face给予give a book to meunder 在下面?under the desk少于?under ten在管制之 下 under the rulewith 用某种工具?with a pen 带着，具有with mewithout 没有?without air(二) 正误辨析?误 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.?正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break.?析 at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。误 Dont sleep at daytime?正 Dont sleep in daytime.?析 in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。?误 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.?正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.?析 in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th?误 He became a writter at his twenties?正 He became a writter in his twenties?析 这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。?误 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.?正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.?析 在具体年岁前用at, 如：at the age of 12， at your age， 等等。?误 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.?正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.?析 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Years Day?误 Im looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.?正 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.?析 在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。?误 I havent see you during the summer holidays.?正 I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.?析 during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I havent see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为整整，全部的时间。如：It rained through the night.?而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。?误 At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.?正 On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.?析 On 加动名词表示一就。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing 一听见， on arrival 一到达就(on表示动作的名词)?误 In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.?正 At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.?析 at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the endat last是指最终，终于之意。?误 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.?正 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.?析 by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：Ill be there by five oclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I wont finish this work till(until) next weekend.?误 He came to London before last weekend.?正 He had come to London before last weekend.?正 He came to London two weeks ago.?析 before 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。?误 I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.?正 I have studied English for three years since I came here.?析 since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态误 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.?正 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.?析 中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。?误 Three days after he died.?正 After three days he died.?正 Three days later he died.?析 after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。?误 She hid herself after the tree.?正 She hid herself behind the tree.?析 after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。?误 There is a beautiful bird on the tree.?正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.?析 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.?误 Shanghai is on the east of China.?正 Shanghai is in the east of China.?析 在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China. ?误 I arrived at New York on July 2nd.?正 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.?析 at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。?误 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.?正 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.?析 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。?误 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.?正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.?析 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.?误 This weekend Ill stay in Uncle Wangs.?正 This weekend Ill stay at Uncle Wangs.?析 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailors shop (裁缝店)at a tailors, ?at the doctors (去看病) at the booksellers (在书店) at uncle Wangs (在王叔叔家)误 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper?正 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper?析 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。?误 The school will begin on September 1st.?正 School will begin on September 1st.?析 这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， When I came to Toms home, they were at table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜?如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。?误 In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.?正 On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.?析 译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光?在的路上应用on ones way。而 in the way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。误 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.?正 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.?正 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.?析 in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。?误 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.?正 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai.?正 Ill leave for Shanghai.?析 leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for。?误 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.?正 Im sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.?析 get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get onoff(a train, a ship, a struck) get intoout of (a car, taxi)?误 Be careful? The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.正 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.析 over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.?误 There is an old stone bridge above the river.?正 There is an old stone bridge over the river.?析 over还有一意为跨越，横跨。?误 The Dead Sea is under the sea level.?正 The Dead Sea is below the sea level.?析 在垂直下方要用below.?也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。误 There is a big tree in the front of the house.?正 There is a big tree in front of the house. ?析 in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.?误 It took them two days to walk across the forest.?正 It took them two days to walk through the forest.?析 across 作为介词有两个主要意思： 横过，如：I want to walk across the street. 对面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.?误 The sun sets toward the west.?正 The sun sets in the west.?析 towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China.?误 Do you have no other clothes except those?正 Do you have no other clothes besides those?析 beside 是在旁边，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是除之外，不仅而且，除了以外还有， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that则要加从句。?误 Can I write the exam paper with ink?正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen?正 Can I write the exam paper in ink?析 with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。?误 Im earlier today. I came here by his car.?正 Im earlier today. I came here in his car.?析 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。?by taxi=in a taxiby train=in a trainby bicycle=on a bicycle?by ship=on a shipby boat=in a boatby bus=on a bus?by plane=on a planeby air 空运by land 陆运?by sea 海运on foot on horseback?by phone by letter by radio?by air mail by hand?误 A lot of French wines are made of grape.?正 A lot of French wines are made from grape.?析 made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.?误 This is a good dictionary in English grammar.?正 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.?析 关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。?误 Do you have the key of the door. ?正 Do you have the key to the door.?析 key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千万不要用of。?误 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.?正 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.?析 have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。?误 I didnt do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.?正 I didnt do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.?析 be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.?误 He was good for skating.?正 He was good at skating.?析 be good at 为擅长某事，而be good for somebody为对某人很好。?误 It was good to you to help my little boy.?正 It was good of you to help my little boy.?析 这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.?误 My parents were very pleased at me.?正 My parents were very pleased with me.?正 My parents were very pleased at my studying.?析 be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。?误 He is agree with me.?正 He agrees with me.?误 He againsts me.?正 He is against me.?析 同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。?误 I havent heard letters from him.?正 I havent heard from him.?析 hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。?误 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?正 Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?析 作为拜访讲call at其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。?误 Do you know the girl on white?正 Do you know the girl in white?析 in white为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危险中),in joy (高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of ,如：out of trouble (摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)， out of order(出故障)?误 He looked at me at surprise.?正 He looked at me in surprise.?析 surprise的用法一般有三种。用于句首，To ones surprise, 如：To my surprise he succeeded. be surprised at, 如：I was surprised at the news. 用于句尾in surprise.?误 She didnt come to school because of she was ill.?正 She didnt come to school because she was ill.?析 because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.?(三) 例题解析?1? - Thank you the beautiful flowers!?- Not at all.?A? in B? on C? at D? for ?答案 D. ?析 由于某事向某人道谢应用for。?2? Can you answer this question English?A? by B? in C? with D? from?答案 B. ?析 in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.3? Look the map China the wall, please.?A? after, of, in B? at, of, inC? after, in, on D? at, of, on ?答案 D. ?析 look at 为看，而on the wall为在墙表面挂着，而in t