非谓语动词考点总结归纳.doc

非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。1三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。不定式主动被动一般形式（本身包含将由去做的含义）To doTo be done进行形式To be doing 完成形式To have done To have been done动词的ING 形式主动被动一般形式（本身包含?正在进行的含义）VingBeing Ved完成形式Having Ved Having been Ved (=Ved)过去分词 done （无变化）所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的_前面_考点一：非谓语作状语。非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后主动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的发出者被动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的承受者与谓语几乎同时进行doing , S+V being +done , S+V先于谓语动作发生（已经完成）having +dong , S+V having been +dong, S + V= ( dong, S+V)后于谓语动作发生（将要去做，特别是表示目的）(in order (not)/ so as to(not) )to do, S+V .(in order (not)/ so as to(not) )to be done, S+V不定式做结果状语的固定搭配only to do ，too +adj/adv to do，so +adj/adv as to do ，such +n as to do adj/ adv enoughto doonly to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。练习：1. _that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2 . _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To saveB. SavedC. SavingD. Having saved3 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _ his schoolbag and rushed out.A. picking upB. picked upC. to pick upD. having picked up4 _ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A. DiscoveringB. To discoverC. To have discoveredD. Discovered5He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope6_ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. To taste7The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _ them more terrible.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make8 What do you think of last nights lecture? _ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.A. RealB. GeneralC. FairD. Honestly9 He was so foolish _ his car unlocked in the public park last night.A to leaveB that leaveC as to leaveD for him to leave10 When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed11 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see12 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be told C. telling D. told注意： 非谓语作状语时，主语必须是非谓语的逻辑主语；如果不是，非谓语需要有在他前面加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。其中，最典型的就是with +n + ving/ ved/ to do 结构1 In order to protect our planet, _.A. all kinds of pollution should be reducedB. we should reduce all kinds of pollutionC. the environment should be protected first D. its important to protect our environment2 The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _ as interpreter.A. the guide actsB. the guide actingC. actingD. acted3 While listening to pop music, _.A. she felt asleepB. the light went outC. someone knocked at the doorD. and she couldnt help laughing4 Having been attacked by terrorists, _.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists5 _, he felt a bit nervous.A Many people looked at himB So many eyes fixing on himC With so many eyes to be fixedD with so many eyes fixed on him注意：有些非谓语动词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking,frankly speaking, judging from, considering, given, supposing, providing / provided, takinginto considerationto be honest, to tell you the truthto make matters/things worse.考点二： 非谓语作定语解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后与被修饰的名词或代词是主动关系与被修饰的名词或代词是被动关系正在进行doing being + done将要去做to do to be done已经完成无done1. 作定语的不定式如果是vi，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。2. 不定式用来修饰名词，表动作未发生。3. 不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词。练习：1 Havent you seen the sign,_ “NO PHOTOS”? Im really sorry I didnt.A. readsB. to readC. readD. reading2 Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _.A. to send it toB. to send itC. to be sent toD. to have it sent3 The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before.A. surprising; wouldnt knowB. surprised; hadnt knownC. surprising; hadnt knownD. surprised; shouldnt know4 I would like to buy an expensive camera. Well. We have several models _.A. to choose fromB. of choiceC. to be chosenD. for choosing5 I find these problems are easy _.A. to be worked outB. to work them outC. to work outD. to be worked them out6 The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.A. to paintB. being paintedC. to have paintedD. painting7 Will you please tell me why you had no pen _ in class, Kate?A. to have writtenB. to be written withC. to have been writtenD. to write with8 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled9 Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying10 Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he wes not the one _.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed11 The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt12 The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded考点三： 非谓语动词做补语解题技巧： 记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系不定式和分词作宾语补足语（ we consider him to be a nice guy）或主语补足语(He is considered to be a nice guy)是考察的重点.做题时一要熟记固定搭配，还要仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清练习：1 Linda is thought to_ in Africa, but I really dont know what country shes working in.A. have workedB. workC. be workingD. be worked2 Robert is said _ abroad ,but I dont know what country he studied in.A to have studiedB to studyC to be studyingD to have been studying3 The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused4 John Bell was generally considered _ the first telephone.A inventingB to inventC having inventedD to have invented.B 弄清以下搭配及其意义1.感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的宾补有3种形式（do/doing/done），doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成，do表主动和完成（被动句中to 还原）。2.leave后接3种形式做宾补。leave sb to do sth/ leave sth to be done, leave sb doing sth,leave sth undonee.g. He left, leaving me to to all the rest work. （主动，将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled。（被动，将来）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.（被动，完成）3.have, get, make后接3种形式，表示“使，让，叫”4.with复合结构，to do表示动作未发生（主动或被动），doing表示主动，正在进行的动作，done表示被动和完成的动作。总的原则：分析作宾补的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系，再结合动作发生的时间（未发生、正在发生或已经发生）来选择合适的形式。练习：1 Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2 My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take3Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard4Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry5 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating6 He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting7 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked8The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play9 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A carry outB carrying outC carried outD to carry out10 The result of the election was not made _until last Friday.A knowingB knownC to knowD to be known11 The terrible gunshot sent people _ in all directions from the villagers.A to runB runningC to walkD flying12 who would you rather _with you to the park, John or Tom?A to goB have goneC have goD going考点四：非谓语做宾语解题技巧：记忆动词搭配,做题事半功倍。（有些动词后面只能用Ving 做宾语，有些只能用不定式做宾语，有些两者皆可。必须弄清以下常考词的搭配、意义及区别）A: 以下动词常用不定式做宾语agree, want, decide/ make up ones mind/determine, expect/hope/wish, manage/try, plan/intend/mean, learn, want, pretend, refuse, offer, promist, choose, ask/beg, help, afford, strive, remain, happen, seem, appear等have no choice but to do sth, cannot choose but do sth,can do nothing but do sth.等告(诉)知（道）类动词后常由wh +to do 结构做宾语Tell/ show / explain/ teach/ advice/ discuss/ understand/ know/ learn +wh- to do sth.练习：1 To tell you the truth, Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse2 I dont know whether you happen _ it , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A.to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen5 When his father came back, the boy pretended _his homework.A doingB to doC to doingD to be doingB 以下动词只能用动名词做宾语advise, allow, admit, consider, deny, delay, suggest, excuse, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, practise, finish, enjoy, appreciate, mind, permit, forbid, escape, imagine, risk, recommend, resist, understand等burst out, feel like, give up, end up, put off, cant help, cant stand, lead to, get used to, get accustomed, get down to, insist on, contribute to, be devoted to, make contributions to, be committed to, set about, look forward to, stick to, object to, pay attention to等be busy doing sth, have difficulty/trouble/problems doing sth, have a wonderful/terrible time doing sth, there is not point/sense in doing sth 等练习：1 . I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home.A. preparing; doingB. preparing; to doC. to prepare; doingD. to prepare; to do2 Whatever trouble Mr. White had _ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. dealB. to dealC. dealtD. dealing3 The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. givingB. being givenC. givenD. gave4 Rather than _ on a crowded bus ,he always perfers _ a bicycle.A ride ;rideB riding ; rideC ride ; to rideD to ride ; riding5 Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited6 One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct7 I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. have time C. to have time D. having time8 Sandy could do nothing but _ teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit9 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up10 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made）11 Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able12 The first thing that probably needs _is to ask your mothers advice.Ato doB to be doneCbeing doneD be done13 I had no choice but _.A do as you tell meB to do as you told meC to do what youll sayD doing as you say14 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A have been missingB have got lostC be missingD get lost15 They look forward with hope _ a chance to receive further education.A of gettingB to getC to gettingD in getting考点五： 非谓语动词做主语和表语解题技巧： 弄清todo与doing 形式做表语的区别。归纳： doing一般表示经常性习惯性的动作，而to do一般表示一次性具体的动作。1 It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A. interested; interestB. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interestingD. interesting; interest2 Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding.A. readB. being readC. to be readD. reading非谓语动词高考题：2007年高考1. Its a long time since I saw my sister._ her this weekend? （全国卷I）A. Why not visitB. why not to visitC. Why not visitingD. Why dont visit2. The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed! （全国卷I）A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving3. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （全国卷I）A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. （全国卷II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closedD. to open and close5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. （上海卷）A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call6. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. （上海卷）A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade7. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. （上海卷）A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. （山东卷）Ahas been launchedBhaving been launchedCbeing launchedDto be launched9. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. （山东卷）Ato seatBto be seatedCseatingDseated10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. （安徽卷）A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished11. Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! （安徽卷）A. to takeB. takingC. not to takeD. not taking12. Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. （北京卷）A. showB. showsC. to showD. showing13. He is a student at Oxford University, _ for a degree in computer science. （北京卷）A. studiedB. studyingC. to have studiedD. to be studying14. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written Englishin a short period. （福建卷）A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve15. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much workmy mind, I almost break down. （福建卷）A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled16. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. （湖南卷）A. movedB movingC. to moveD. being moved17. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. （湖南卷）A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lost18. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ here. （江苏卷）A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking19. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. （江苏卷）A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good20. He is very popular among his students as he always