2013年成人英语三级考试虚拟语气用法总结.doc

2013年成人英语三级考试虚拟语气用法总结在英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。虚拟语气的基本作用是：(1)表达假设的情况与事实相反;(2)表达异想天开很难实现的愿望;(3)表达建议命令劝告等语气。本部分重点讲if引导的虚拟条件句，含蓄条件句、特殊结构中虚拟语气，及should+动词原形的用法。1、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反If+动词的过去式 (be用were而不用was)would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形与过去事实相反If+had+过去分词would(第一人称可用should)+have+过去分词与将来事实相反If+were to+动词原形或 If+should+动词原形would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形下面我们列举今年的真题来强化记忆。例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I _ _ it to you.”A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned【答案】D(2004年4月45题)例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ _ him.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995年38题)例3 If Bob _ _ with us，he would have had a good time.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995年59题)1、省略if的虚拟形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。例1 _ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken【答案】D(2004年4月32题)例2 _ ，I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us【答案】A(1997年30题)例3 _ ，you were busy，I wouldt have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized【答案】B(1996年39题)2、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for引导。例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown【答案】A(2004年11月32题)例2 But for my classmateshelp，I _ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished【答案】A(2004年11月32题)例3 But for the rain，we _ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had【答案】B(2003年4月28题)3、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气(1)以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句。wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语+wish+从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时)。例1 I didnt go to the party，but I do wish I _ there.A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be【答案】C(2001年53题)例2 Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study【答案】C(2000年53题)(2)if only+句子(过去时/过去完成时)“要是就好了”。If only后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时did;如果是对过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时had done。要注意与if区别，if只表示假设，意为“如果”，用真实语气。而if only表示不可能实现的情况，用虚拟语气。例： If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。(对过去虚拟)If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。(对现在虚拟)(3)would rather+句子(过去时)。表示宁愿、宁可的意愿，语气比较婉转，后接过去式。例1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A.come B.would come C.came D.have come【答案】C(2002年46题)例2 Id _ you didntouch that，if you dont mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further【答案】A(1998年45题)(4)it is time (that)，it is high time(that)句型中，谓语动词用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是“该了、早该了”。例1 Lets finish our homework in a faw seconds;its time we _ _ .A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football【答案】A(2004年11月43题)例2 Dont you think it is time you _ _ smoking?A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up【答案】B(1999年31题)(5)以as if，as though引导的从句。在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish后面的从句动词形式变化相同。例：He talks as he _ everything in the world.A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known【答案】B 本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去的。4、should +动词原形及should的省略(1)一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的意见。因此这些动词(或其派生词，如名词、形容词、分词等)后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should do”结构，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表示“提议、建议”的动词：suggest，advise，propose，recommend，move(提议);表示“要求、主张”的动词：insist，require，request，demand，desire;表示：“命令”的动词：order，command。例1 I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to she job since he has no experience.A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigned【答案】A(2006年11月29题)例2 His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A.put on B.puts on C.to put D.putting on【答案】A(1999年58题) 此处省略了should。例3 The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have【答案】C(1998年28题) 此处省略了should。(2)It is necessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazing that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should + 原形动词，should也可以省略。此类形容词的特点是表示重要性或吃惊。例1 It is vital that enough money _ collected to get the project started.A.is B.be C.must be D.can be【答案】B(2004年11月24题)例2 Its urgent that a meeting _ befor the final