解读危害养殖鱼类的病原性疾病.doc

解读危害养殖鱼类的病原性疾病Pathogenic diseases of harm fish farming 损害饲养鱼类的病原性疾病首要有病毒性疾病、细菌性疾病和寄生虫性疾病等。其间病毒病因为其病原体细小，在宿主细胞内仿制，所以难以选用药物进行操控，一旦迸发病毒病将损失惨重，农业部新发布的鱼类产地检疫规程也将病毒性疾病作为要点检疫目标；一起北京市水产饲养首要是在静水池塘条件下饲养鲤、鲫、草鱼、鲟、观赏鱼以及在流水条件下饲养鲑鳟等鱼类为主，因而作者要点讨论北京市静水池塘和流水饲养条件下鱼类病毒病的防控技术办法。 Damage the primary pathogenic diseases breeding of fish with viral diseases, bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases. The virus disease because of its fine imitation of pathogens, in host cells, so it is difficult to choose drug control, once the outbreak virus disease would be disastrous, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a new fish quarantine rules for will also be viral diseases as points of quarantine target; with Beijing aquatic products is mainly reared under hydrostatic conditions Carp Ponds grass carp, crucian carp, ornamental fish, sturgeon, and feeding the trout in water under the condition of fish, thus the author point control technology measures of Beijing city water ponds and water feeding conditions fish virus disease. 鱼类病毒病发病与品种和水温有关 鱼类病毒病发病与饲养品种和水温密切相关。例如鲤春病毒血症首要在鲤中发作，发病温度为1117，超越22不发病；锦鲤疱疹病毒病在鲤和锦鲤中发作，发病温度为2328，低于18或高于30不发病；草鱼出血病在草鱼、青鱼中发作，在水温2030特别是2528时为盛行顶峰。 Fish virus disease incidence and pathogenesis of varieties and water fish viral diseases and breeding varieties and the water temperature is closely related to. For example, spring viremia of first episode in the carp, the onset temperature of 11 17 , 22beyond not disease; Koi herpes virus attacks in common carp and Koi, the onset temperature of 23 28 , below 18 or above 30 without disease; grass carp hemorrhage in grass carp, herring attack, in the water temperature of 20 30 is 25 28 popular peak. 鱼类病毒病难以用药物操控,病毒性疾病不同于细菌性疾病，因为病毒不能本身增殖，有必要依托宿主细胞内的能量和物质增殖，是专性的细胞内寄生生物。因而可以医治细菌性疾病的抗生素等药物对病毒性疾病根本没有用果。鱼类一旦感染病毒性疾病，大多没有有用的药物医治办法，首要是以预防为主。 Fish viral diseases to drug control, viral diseases is different from bacterial disease, because the virus cannot itself proliferation, it is necessary to rely on the energy and mass multiplication in host cells, are obligate intracellular parasite. So it can treat bacterial diseases of antibiotics and other drugs for viral diseases no fruit. Fish once infected diseases, are not useful drug treatment measures, the first is on prevention. 阻隔和操控难度大,鱼类生活在水中，病毒以水体为前言传达，一条鱼发病后整个池塘的鱼很快都会感染，因而鱼类病毒病发病后很难操控。也只能阻隔整个饲养池塘，而不能阻隔单条发病鱼。 Barrier and difficult operation, fish live in the water, with water as the virus transmission, a fish after the onset of the pond fish soon will be infected, so the incidence of virus disease of fish is difficult to control. Also can cut off the whole rearing pond, but not obstructing single disease of fish. 鱼类病毒病的首要病原品种 鱼类病毒病潜伏期犬牙交错、临床表现复杂多变、传染性强、传达速度快、死亡率高，严重损害水产饲养业，可以形成严重经济损失。迄今已报导可导致鱼类病毒病的病原有上百种，常见的也有20余种，大多数归于弹状病毒科、虹彩病毒科和疱疹病毒科，少量归于呼肠孤病毒科、双节段RNA病毒科、腺病毒科、反转录病毒科、野田病毒科和正黏病毒科等。 Virus disease of fish the primary pathogenic species virus latency be zigzag, complicated and varied clinical manifestations, infectious strong, transmission speed, high mortality, serious damage to the aquatic products industry, can form the serious economic loss. Have so far been reported can lead to pathogenic virus disease of fish have hundreds of common, there are more than 20 species, most belong to the Rhabdoviridae, iridoviridae and herpes simplex virus families, a few to Reoviridae, double segments of RNA virus, adenovirus, Retroviridae, Noda virus family Orthomyxoviridae. 弹状病毒科首要包含鲤春病毒血症病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病病毒、病毒性出血性败血症病毒、鳜鱼弹状病毒、胭脂鱼弹状病毒和白斑狗鱼幼鱼弹状病毒等；虹彩病毒科首要包含盛行性造血器官坏死症病毒、传染性脾肾坏死病毒、淋巴囊肿病毒、日本鳗鲡虹彩病毒、鲈鱼虹彩病毒、真鲷虹彩病毒和白鲟虹彩病毒等；疱疹病毒科首要包含锦鲤疱疹病毒、鲤鱼痘疮病毒、斑驳叉尾鮰病毒、鲑鱼疱疹病毒和马苏大马哈鱼病毒等。 Rhabdoviridae consist primarily of spring viremia virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus, Chinese sucker rhabdovirus and juvenile Esox lucius rhabdovirus; iridoviridae mainly includes the prevalence of hematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, Lymphocystis Disease Virus, Japanese eel iridovirus, perch, bream irid