人教版必修二U1LanguagePoints.doc

Unit 1 Cultural Relics1. rare: 稀罕的, 稀有的 a rare disease 罕见的病2. valuable 贵重的, 有价值的 Gold is valuable because it is a scarce metal.3. survive vt &vi 幸存 Fortunately he survived the traffic accident. Camels can survive for many days with no water. survivor (n.) 幸存者 survival (n.) 幸存 The helicopter picked up all the _. They prayed for the _ of the sailors. 4_ the Amber Room in search of = in the/ones search for 中的search是名词，意思是“寻找,搜寻”。 make a search for 搜查search vi. 搜查search sb./ sp. 搜身或搜某地 search for 搜寻 search sb./ sp. for 搜身或搜某地以寻找5. Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, _ never _ that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 情态动词 have done may(might) have done 可能做了（对过去情况的推测）must have done一定做了(过去情况的推测，语气较肯定，肯定句中 should/ought to have done本该做而没做（对已发生事情的批评责怪 shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做但是做了（同上） neednt have done本不必做但是做了（对已发生事情的批评责怪） could have done本可能做而没能做（对已发生事情的后悔，遗憾） cant/couldnt have done 一定没做(对过去情况的推测,语气较肯定，疑，否句中) e.g. I may have seen the film but Im not sure. It must have rained last week.I should have told you earlier.You shouldnt have cheated in exams.You neednt have bought such a dear watch for her. It wasnt a long way, we could have walked there. Practice:1. Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left. I _him earlier.A must have phoned B might have phonedC should have phoned D would have phoned2. Johns score on the test is the highest in the class. He _.A should study last night B should have studied last nightC must have studied last night D need study last nightgift n. C 礼物 (比present正式） n. C 天赋, 才能 a gift to sb. 送给的礼物 have a gift for 在方面有天赋 gifted (adj.) 有天赋的e.g. He has got lots of birthday gifts.He is a man of gifts. 他多才多艺。The boy has a gift for music. amazingI feel_ at the roomamazing amazed amaze (surprise)6. This gift was the Amber Room, _was given this name because several tons of _were used to make it.e.g. The chairman, _ spoke first, sat on my right.The speech, _ bored everyone, went on and on .On April 1 they flew to Beijing, _ they stayed several days.Im seeing the manager tomorrow, _ he will be back from New York. They have invited us to visit their country, which is very kind of them.Usually they take a walk after supper, which does them a lot of good. were used to make be used to do sth. 被用来做 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做 used to do sth. 过去常常做 Practice: The wood will _ tables.He is quite _ (live)with the farmers .She _ (come)a lot, but now we seldom see her. makebe made into 被制成be made of 用制成(看得出原材料)be made from 用制成(看不出原材料)be made for 为而制作be made up of 由组成用以上短语完成句子:1). A car _many different parts.2). The chair _wood.3). The wine _grapes.4). Im a cake my mother.5). Wood can _paper.7. The amber which was_ had a beautiful yellow brown colour like _. The _ of the room was in the _ _ popular in those days. It was also a treasure _ with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best _ about ten years to make. select: 选择(choose carefully)design: n. 图案，设计（表具体意义）C; 设计（表抽象意义） U v. 设计，计划，构思by design 故意地，蓄意地 be designed for 供使用，为而设计的in style: 以风格=in the style ofbe decorated with: 用装饰artist: (艺术家)It is a person _ creates things _ can be considered works of art. A. who B. whom C. where D.whichThe design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.屋子的设计是当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑式样popular in those days 形容词短语作后置定语修饰 They have a house larger than yours. = a house which is larger than yours. The boys easiest to teach are in my class. = the boys who are easiest to teach.It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make. 点拨 本句是一个主从复合句。 逗号前为主句，其中“decorated with gold and jewels”为过去分词短语作treasure的后置定语；逗号后为which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词treasure。take sb. some time表示“花了某人一些时间”。这个结构也可改写为句型：it takes sb. some time to do sth.如：The job was very difficult, which took the workers ten months to do.这项工作十分困难，它花费了工人们十个月的时间。It took me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting.我花了相当长的时间才理解了那幅画的意义。辨析：take, pay, cost 和spend1). It takes (sb.) + 时间/金钱 + to do sth.2). pay只能用人做主语 pay sb. pay for sth. pay sb. + 金钱 pay sb. for sth.3). cost只能用物做主语，不用被动语态。 sth. cost + (sb.) + 时间/金钱 sth. cost sb. 某事使某人以为代价4). sb. spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth. 或(in) doing sth.8. Frederick William I , _ the amber room _, belong to 属于belong to不可用于现在进行时态或是被动语态判断正误：The computer is belonging to me. The computer is belonged to me. The computer belongs to me.Chang chun Yuan _Yuan Ming Yuan, which is made of 3 parksA is belonged to B belongs to C is belonging to D belong toto whom考点 介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。1 He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. (江苏2009)A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that点拨 根据句子意思可知从句的动作发生在主句之后，所以用介词after, which指代的是前面的整个句子。2 Last week，only two people came to look at the house， _ wanted to buy it. (安徽2007)A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom点拨 根据句子意思可知定语从句的先行词是only two people, 这样就可以确定应选neither 或both, 根据句子结构可知后面句子作定语从句，故选D。9. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiersin return = in exchange 回报,作为报酬e.g. What can we do for them in return for all the help they have given us? 我们将怎样来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢? in return for sth. 作为的交换/回报in turn 轮流地,依次; 反过来 by turns 轮流地,时而时而10 the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.(1). serve as表示“担任；用作；起作用” eg: This serves as my daughters room. serve sb with sth. 用某物招待某人 serve in the army 在军队服役 (2). reception 接待；被接待 接待的方式；接待处eg: We are preparing rooms for the reception of guests. 我们正准备房间接待来宾。 His talk was given a warm reception. 他的讲话获得了热烈欢迎。 He is waiting for you at reception. 他在接待处等你。11. Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to the palacehave sth. done结构表示两种意义： 、让别人做某事，使某事被做 、遭遇某种不幸。1) 我的单车坏了,需要修理. 2) 昨晚我的钱包被人偷了. do 让做 have sb. / sth. doing 让一直做 done 请人/某物遭受e.g. Mother had me clean the room.The boss had his workers working all day.have sth. done 表示 “请人做某事”e.g. I had my hair cut yesterday. I want to have my bike repaired.还可表示 “使遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”e.g. I had my watch stolen last night. He had his leg broken in the match last week.12. She told her atrists to add more details to it. addto 把添加到 add up 合计，把加起来 add to 增加，增添 add up to 合计是，总起来就意味着e.g. Add up 3,4and 5 ,and you will get 12.I didnt want to add to my mothers misery.She added some salt to the soup.These figures add up to 270.All this adds up to a new concept of Mars.13 the room was completed the way she wanted it. she wanted it 是定语从句修饰 the way, 后面的关系代词可用that / in which 或都不用。the way表示“以的方式”，其前面省略了介词in, in the/ this/that/ my way 中介词通常可以省略。the way she wanted it 可以看成是方式状语从句,意为“照,据”,就相当于连词asin a way, in the way 也有类似的用法e.g. 她以我喜欢的方式烹调鸡肉。 She cooks chicken in the way I like.14. Although the amber room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.consider（认为，以为） sb.(sth.) + adj. / n. sb.(sth.) + to be sb.(sth.) + as / that-clauseconsider （考虑） + n. / doing sth. + 疑问词 +to do sth.consideras. = think of.as look on(upon).as.(把当作) take as. regard.as.e.g. Abraham Lincoln is generally considered _ the greatest president of America.A. to be B. as C. / D. All of the above. 15. be at war处于交战状态 =fighting against each othere.g. This was a time when the two countries _. The two countries _for many years. People there are suffering a lot. 介词+名词 (表状态)at war/work/home/tableon show/duty/sale/holiday/fire/watchin trouble/danger/battle/doubtunder repair/discussion/construction 16. less than 少于 The young man is less than twenty years old.这个年轻人不到 20 岁。no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有之多; 多达” 强调多not less than 意为“不少于; 至少”17. There is no _that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, _ a German city on the Baltic Sea. 此类从句通常用that来引导(同位语从句) 1 They had to face the fact that the nearest hotel is thirty kilometers away.2 The doctors came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer. There is no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词 about / of ,eg. There is no doubt about / of his honesty. doubt 也可作及物动词，“怀疑，不信”, 在肯定句中常接whether / if 从句，在否定句中常接 that 从句eg. I doubt whether we can get the first place in the competition. I dont doubt that he will tell us the truth. Practice: (1)-Do you doubt _ hell be fired by the school ? - No, not a bit. A. that B. whether C. if D. about (2)- Lily is sure to win the oral English contest. - But I doubt _ she will make it A. that B. whether C. how D. when (3) I have no doubt in my mind _ they will be glad to see me. A. if B. whether C. that D. of 18. remain (1) vi. 留下, 遗留 I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. (2) link-verb. 后接n. /adj. /介词短语/表位置的adv. My friend became a boss, but I remained a teacher. The death of the old man remained unknown. The problem remains to be discussed.He bought a new book with the _ (剩下的) 40 yuan.=He bought a new book with the 40 yuan _. (剩下的) 考例1 Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues点拨 remain 意为“仍然是”，后接形容词作表语。prove 证明；maintain 维持；continue 继续。考例2 It was already past midnight and only three young men _ in the tea house. A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted点拨 remain 意为“停留; 逗留”。delay 耽搁；desert 遗弃。19. former a. 以前的, 从前的 Her former husband 她的前夫 n. 前者 Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely.20. worth, worthy, worth-while都为adj. 意为“值得” worth: be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时, 表示“ 值得”be worth doing sth. “某事值得被做”e.g. The question is not worth discussing again and again. worthy: be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示 “值得”be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 e.g. The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. worth-while: be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事”It is worth while doing sthIt is worth while sb to do sth. 典型例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worth B. worthyC. worth-whileD. worth whileExercises:I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。1. The gloves were _ (设计) for extremely cold climates.2. I wouldnt tell lies to you; thats not my _