艺考生课程——阅读第六十一讲阅读.docx

2015年学大教育艺考生课程阅读 第六十一讲 故事传记文解题方法与技巧适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域通用课时时长（分钟）60知识点人物传记类阅读理解主旨和要义理解文中具体信息教学目标知识：了解故事传记文特点方法：掌握故事传记文解题方法与步骤能力：提高英文阅读理解能力教学重点故事传记文解题步骤与方法教学难点故事传记文人物评价题解题方法教学过程一、课堂导入1.曾经读过哪些故事传记文，都说的是什么内容？2.对于故事传记文如何处理？二、复习预习1.应用信息文的特点是什么？2.应用信息文解题步骤是什么？3.故事传记文与应用信息文有什么区别？三、知识讲解知识点1 故事传记文概述： 故事传记文也叫记叙文，讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，故事传记文就是讲故事或人物经历。常见的故事传记文根据其用途可分为文学故事传记文和说明故事传记文：文学故事传记文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等; 说明故事传记文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。知识点2 故事传记文主要考查类型：1.故事叙述 2.成功经历3.态度转变4.人性关怀5.职业生涯6.人物影响7.情感抒发8.教育理念知识点3 故事传记文特点：1.同一人物重复出现，以人物关系为发展主线；2.有不同时间点分布，以时间为发展顺序；3.生词少，句子短；4.最终给读者以一定道理以及启迪。知识点4 故事传记文常用解题方法：1.定位对照法：先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息。再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。2.选项分析法：根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容。再仔细对照，排除于文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定选项。知识点5 故事传记文总体解题步骤：1.分析题干（找出所有问题并预览全文）；2.通读全文同时解出细节题（不可跳过文章中任何一处信息）；3.把握中心，解剩余题。知识点6故事传记文解题注意事项：1.必须通读全文，不可遗漏任何信息，每一段落相互关联；2.文章结尾处通常是中心主旨所在处，必须精读；3.注意文章中的各种人物关系（主要人物关系/次要人物关系）。四、例题精析【例题1】One August afternoon, Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger, Mrs.Carey. Lifting two grocery bags, he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house. Glancing up, he saw a large wasp (黄蜂) nest under the roof. Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting(蜇)in summer. He mentioned this to Mrs. Carey, who had opened the door.“Oh, they dont bother me, ” she said lightly. “I go in and out all the time.”Anxiously, Allen looked at the nest againto see the wasps flying straight at him. “Hurry!” he shouted to Mrs.Carey. “Get in! ”She stepped quickly inside. Allen ran for his mini-bus. Too late; they were upon him. Just as he jumped aboard, half a dozen red spots showed on his arm, and he felt more on his back and shoulders.As he was driving down the road, Allen felt as if something was burning at the back of his neck, and the “fire” was spreading forward toward his face. An immediate anxiety took hold of him. Allen knew that stings could cause some persons to die. But he had been stung the previous summer and the after-effects soon passed. However, what he didnt know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion.Miles from the nearest medical assistance, Allen began to feel his tongue thick and heavy and his heartbeat louder. Most frightening, he felt his breathing more and more difficult. He reached for the radio mike(话筒), trying to call the mini-bus center, but his words were hardly understandable. Signals were also poor that far out. He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Departments north station. So his best chance was to make a run for it.Rushing down the mountain, Allen tried not to panic, focusing his mind on each sharp turn. He was almost through the last of them when he felt sure he was going into shock(休克).Just then he reached for the radio mike again.“Call fire station,” he shouted, concentrating to form the words. “Emergency. Bee sting. Emergency. There in ten minutes. ”“Five-ten, ” the center replied.Hold on, Allen thought. Keep your eyes open. Breathe. Keep awake.At last he reached the station. Two firemen ran out. Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground. You made it, he thought.1.It is mentioned in the passage that wasps are more likely to attack when _. A. there are huge noises B. strangers are approaching C. the air is filled with food smell D. the hottest season comes around【答案】D【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第一段第四句“Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting(蜇)in summer.”可知答案为D。2.Allen didnt know that if stung by wasps again, he would _. A. have no after-effectsB. suffer from sharper pain C. surely lose his lifeD. become more sensitive【答案】C【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第五段最后一句“However, what he didnt know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion.”可知答案为C。3.Allen failed at his first attempt to send his message to the mini-bus center because _. A. he was unable to speak clearlyB. his radio equipment was poor C. he was in a state of shockD. no one was on duty【答案】A【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第六段第三句“He reached for the radio mike(话筒),trying to call the mini-bus center, but his words were hardly understandable.”可知答案为A。4.Which would be the best title for the passage？ A. Allen, A Helpless DriverB. Wasps, Bloody Killers C. A Race Against DeathD. War Against Wasps【答案】C【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据文章整体叙述过程，结合选项综合分析，选C为最佳题目。【例题2】 When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesnt work out, youll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls. The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her morn, “I dont know how to use a computer,” she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didnt want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when were self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.” But she hasnt always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow upagainand take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, why me? about something or other,” she insists. “It doesnt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”1. Why did Mary feel regretful? A. She didnt achieve her ambition. B. She didnt take care of her mother. C. She didnt complete her high school. D. She didnt follow her mothers advice. 【答案】D【解析】考查事实细节题。根据“regretful”可锁定文章第二段 “Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom, I dont know how to use a computer, she admits. ”一句，根据该句可判断选D。2. We can know that before 1995 Mary . A. had two books publishedB. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computerD. supported the JDRF by writing 【答案】B【解析】考查推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. ” 一句，可判断选B。3. Marys second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her .A. living with diabetes B. successful show businessC. service for an organizationD. remembrance of her mother 【答案】A【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第三段 “her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). ” 一句，可判断选A。4. When Mary received the life-changing news, she . A. lost control of herself B. began a balanced diet C. Med to get a treatment D. behaved in an adult way 【答案】A【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第四段 “In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up againand take control of her diabetes，not let it control her. ” 一句，可判断选A。5. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Mary feels pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor. 【答案】C【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据最后一段中的Mary Moore所说的话 “Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be. ” 可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C。 【例题3】 In the kitchen of my mothers houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil. Im looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it cant be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one. “Im just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these year. ” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Cant you afford a pen?”My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. Ive always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days. ”Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on. ”This storywhich happened before I was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal. 1. Why has the authors mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?A. To leave messages. B. To list her everyday tasks. C. To note down maths problems. D. To write down a flash of inspiration. 【答案】D【解析】考查事实细节题。从“I never knew when I might want to note down an idea”到下一段的“and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty.”可知正确答案是D。2. What is the authors original opinion about the wooden stand?A. It has great value for the family. B. It needs to be replaced by a better one. C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood. D . It should be passed on to the next generation. 【答案】B【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Im just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these year.”一句可知，作者认为“the wooden stand”该换成更好的了。故选B。3. The author feels embarrassed for . A. blaming her mother wronglyB. giving her mother a lot of troubleC. not making good use of time as her mother didD. not making any breakthrough in her field【答案】C【解析】 考查事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work.”一句，可知答案为C。4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A . The mother is successful in her career. B. The family members like traveling. C. The author had little time to play when young. D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared. 【答案】A【解析】考查推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“This storywhich happened before I was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is also a gifted mathematician.”可作出推断。5. In the authors mind, her mother is . A. strange in behavior B. keen on her research C. fond of collecting old things D. careless about her appearance【答案】B【解析】考查中心主旨题。作者通过“a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil”描写了一位母亲对事业的执着和热爱，由此可以推断B项正确。 五、课堂运用【基础】1、 After the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletics have gone home and the television audience has switched off, another group of athletics and fans will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability. But in Beijing in 2008, for the first time, one of the greatest Paralympics will not be taking part. She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson. Born with spine hifida (脊椎裂) which left her paralysed from the waist Bown. Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7. At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back. Indeed, Tannis athletic career took off. In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1998, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelonn. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved she first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories. Tannis enduring success had been part motivation(动机), part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员) enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to see. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.” Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics- a top lever athletic career covering two decades. She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records. What advice does she have for young athletes? “Work hard at your studies, and then train, train and train again.”1. Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen? A. Basketball B. Swimming. C. Tennis. D. Horse-riding.【答案】D【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第二段第四句“At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom.”可知答案为D。2. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 1992. D. In 2007.【答案】C【解析】考查事实细节题。根据文章第四段第三四句“Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelonn. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.”可知答案为C。3. The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _. A. fifty weeks training B. being a good sprinter C. training almost every day D. part motivation and part preparation【答案】C【解析】考查词义句义题。根据文章第五段“I train 50 weeks of the year”可知答案为C。4. Whats the right order of the events related to Tanni? a. She works as a coach. b. She took up athletics. c. She won four gold medals in Barcelong. d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games. e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon. A. b, d, c, e, a B. a, d, b, c, e C. a, d, c, e, b D. b, d, a, e, c【答案】A【解析】考查事实细节题。根据A选项“She works as a coach. ”为最后一项，可选A。5. What can we learn from Tannis success? A. Union is strength. B. Never too late to learn. C. Well begun is half done. D. No pains, no gains.【答案】D【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 “Work hard at your studies, and then train, train and train again.” 可知文章中心主旨为“付出才会成功”。故选D。【巩固】2、 When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan. ” And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, “Why he dont send me cheek already two week lone.”And then, in perfect English I said: “Im getting rather concerned. You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasnt arrived. ”Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I cant tolerate any more excuse. If I dont receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”The next week we ended up in New York.